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Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26848090     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research [e-ISSN 2684-8090] is an open access peer reviewed journal published by Vocational School Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java Indonesia. Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research is an Journal publishing academic and industrial topics which covers area of interest on applied research as well as vocational studies. Research papers on Engineering, Science and Vocational Studies are welcomed. The Journal is double-blind reviewed which accepts Original Research Paper, Short Communication and Review Articles.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 90 Documents
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Biodegradable Plastic Synthesis from Sapodilla Fruit Starch (Manilkara zapota): Effects of Chitosan Ratio and Glycerol Concentration Muhammad Faizulhaq; Rofik Wahyu Hidayat; Ayu Pita Kurniasari
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.27051

Abstract

The productivity of Majalengka sapodilla production has declined, posing significant challenges for sapodilla farmers. This issue is further compounded by the fluctuating availability of land for sapodilla cultivation. Given its nutritional composition, sapodilla fruit holds potential for development into a biodegradable product by utilizing its starch in conjunction with chitosan. The aim of developing this biodegradable product is to reduce the reliance on synthetic plastic for packaging processed foods. This study investigated the water, fat, and protein content in sapodilla fruit, as well as the characteristics of the resulting biodegradable material. The sapodilla starch content was found to be 9%, with a water content of 2%, a fat content of 0.5%, and a protein content of 12.44%. The biodegradable material exhibited a maximum thickness of 0.354 mm at a sapodilla starch to chitosan ratio of 30%:70% with 100% glycerol plasticizer. The maximum degradability percentage achieved was 85.7% at a starch to chitosan ratio of 60%:40% with 100% glycerol. From the degradability tests of sapodilla starch and chitosan biodegradable plastic with glycerol plasticizer, it can be concluded that the optimum degradability value is 88.2% for samples with a starch to chitosan ratio of 60%:40% and a glycerol volume of 100%. This indicates that increasing the volume of glycerol and starch enhances the biodegradable capability.
Heat Integration Analysis of the Pre-Design Stage of an Ethyl Acetate Production Process using Pinch Technology Dhiva Pooja Sabila; Dyaning Nur Wijayanti; Abigaiell Endrian Pawesty; Gesti Andini
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.30769

Abstract

Industrial heat exchanger networks often exhibit suboptimal energy utilization because of limited heat integration between process streams. This study aims to optimize a heat exchanger network (HEN) through the application of pinch analysis based on the initial process flowsheet. Hot and cold stream data, including inlet temperature, outlet temperature, and heat load, were first analyzed using Microsoft Excel and subsequently processed using the Heat Integration Network Tool (HINT). Pinch analysis was conducted by constructing composite curves to identify the pinch point, which represents the thermodynamic constraints of the system. Based on the analysis results, a redesigned heat exchanger network was developed in accordance with pinch principles, namely, the elimination of heat transfer across the pinch and the enhancement of internal heat recovery. The results demonstrate that the application of pinch analysis leads to a more efficient heat exchanger network configuration and reduces the reliance on external heating and cooling utilities compared with the initial system.
Energy Optimization of Ethylenediamine Production Process Using Pinch Technology Najwa Putri Indira Kusuma; Maeza Dhenta Purniawan; Zahwa Sabilla Sulistyaningdyah; Salma Syifa Mu’minah
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 2 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i2.30765

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive energy optimization analysis of the ethylenediamine (EDA) production process using Pinch Technology methodology. EDA is a critical chemical compound widely utilized in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, and chelating agents, with its conventional production process being inherently energy-intensive. The research employs HINT (Heat Integration) software to systematically evaluate energy consumption patterns, identify heat recovery opportunities, and design an optimal heat exchanger network for the EDA production system. The production process involves the catalytic reaction between monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia at 235 °C and 30 atm, followed by multiple separation and purification stages. Through pinch analysis, process streams were identified and evaluated, revealing significant opportunities for internal heat recovery. The baseline system without integration showed heating requirements of 734.546 kW and cooling requirements of 734.546 kW, totaling 1,469.092 kW of external utility consumption. The analysis determined minimum energy requirements of 439.578 kW for heating and 0.0 kW for cooling utilities, with a pinch temperature of 245 K at ΔTmin of 10 K. The optimized heat exchanger network, comprising eight heat exchangers with a hierarchical configuration (H1: 55.433 kW, H2: 349.878 kW, H3: 102.454 kW, H8: 226.771 kW), achieved a total energy recovery of 735.546 kW. Compared to the non-integrated base case, the implementation of heat integration strategies resulted in remarkable energy efficiency improvements: 31% reduction in heating utility consumption (from 734.546 kW to 509.898 kW), 37% reduction in cooling utility consumption (from 734.546 kW to 440.218 kW), and an overall external utility reduction of 35.3% (from 1,469.092 kW to 950.1164 kW), representing total energy savings of 518.9756 kW. These findings demonstrate that Pinch Technology provides a thermodynamically rigorous framework for achieving substantial energy savings in EDA production facilities, contributing to reduced operational costs, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and enhanced industrial sustainability.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A METHYL CHLORIDE CHEMICAL PLANT VIA THE REACTION OF METHANOL AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE WITH A PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF 45,000 TONS PER YEAR Wicaksono, Dimas Satrio
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2025
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v0i0.30770

Abstract

The increasing demand for chemical intermediates in the national chemical industry highlights the need for domestic production to reduce reliance on imports, particularly for strategic products such as methyl chloride. This study presents a preliminary design of a methyl chloride chemical plant with a production capacity of 45,000 tons per year using methanol and hydrogen chloride as raw materials through a catalytic gas-phase synthesis process. The analysis includes mass and energy balance calculations, determination of major equipment specifications, and evaluation of process utility requirements. Furthermore, Pinch Technology Analysis is applied to optimize energy integration within the process by designing an efficient Heat Exchanger Network (HEN). The results indicate that the proposed process is technically feasible and capable of meeting product specifications while significantly reducing external utility consumption through effective internal heat recovery. The integration of preliminary plant design and Pinch Analysis demonstrates strong potential for improving energy efficiency and lowering operational costs, providing a solid basis for further detailed engineering and economic evaluation.
Production of Analog Rice from Mocaf and Soybean-Based Flours for Food Diversification: A Review Aam Sahal Mushoffi; Heny Kusumayanti; Yessy Nathania; Haliza Ramadiani
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 2 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i2.30264

Abstract

This systematic review examines the production of analog rice made from Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf) and soybean flour as part of national food diversification efforts. Through a systematic literature search conducted across Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and the SINTA database (2013–2025), this review identifies key findings on formulation strategies, extrusion processing, and nutritional characteristics. Previous studies indicate that mocaf–soy analog rice exhibits higher protein content (8–12%), improved fiber levels, and a lower glycemic index compared to white rice. The synergy between mocaf as a carbohydrate matrix and soybean flour as a protein fortifier produces analog rice with enhanced functional and nutritional value. These findings highlight the potential of mocaf–soy analog rice as a sustainable staple alternative supporting food diversification and national food security.
Quality Control Analysis Using the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) Method to Reduce Carton Packaging Returns at PT. App Purinusa Ekapersada Demak Intany Salsabiela; Riandhita Eri Werdani
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.27694

Abstract

PT APP Purinusa Ekapersada Demak is a packaging company that produces carton sheets and carton boxes for various industries, with more than 100 customers in 2024. However, the company is facing an increase in the number of products returns due to damage that occurs during the distribution process, product non-conformity to the specified specifications, and product handling procedures that are still not running optimally. Analysis of production data and the 2022-2024 return period shows that the total return of carton sheets and carton boxes exceeds the maximum limit set, with the main damage being rust. This study aims to control quality by implementing the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) method to reduce the return rate and increase production efficiency. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The analysis was carried out through a Pareto diagram to determine problem priorities, a cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone) to identify the main causes, and 5W + 1H and control charts for process evaluation and monitoring. The implementation results showed a significant decrease in the level of damage, especially for rust defects, after improvements were made to human, material, machine, method, and environmental factors. Key recommendations include operator training, evaluation of supplier governance assessments, routine machine maintenance, and updating of standard operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure continuous improvement and increase customer satisfaction.
Heat Efficiency Improvement of Ethanolamine Plant from Ethylene Oxide and Ammonia Through Heat Integration Analysis Using Pinch Technology Vierina Putri Anindya; Irfan Mulyana; Jessi Pritiwara; Fajar Septiawan
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.30771

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of pinch analysis on energy efficiency in the preliminary design of an ethanolamine production plant using ethylene oxide and ammonia. The objective is to quantify reductions in external energy demand and to assess the feasibility of heat integration at the early design stage. Pinch analysis was conducted using process stream data derived from mass and energy balances, followed by composite curve construction, pinch point identification, and Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) synthesis using HINT software. The results show a significant reduction in both hot and cold utility requirements after heat integration, with internal heat recovery dominated by the reactor effluent and hot streams prior to distillation. The identified pinch temperature divides the process into distinct regions, enforcing strict utility placement and eliminating cross-pinch heat transfer. Maximum Energy Recovery (MER) analysis indicates substantial potential for internal heat utilization, directly translating into lower specific energy consumption and reduced utility costs. The synthesized HEN meets minimum energy targets while remaining thermodynamically feasible for preliminary plant design. Overall, the application of pinch technology demonstrates a strong and quantifiable impact on improving energy efficiency and provides a robust basis for energy-conscious decision-making in ethanolamine plant pre-design.
Skills Mismatch in Rwanda’s TVET: Factors and Workforce Development Impacts Faustin Ndikubwimana
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 2 Year 2026 (October 2026) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.31259

Abstract

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is central to Rwanda’s strategy for workforce development. However, evidence from policy documents, peer-reviewed literature, and international reports indicates a persistent skills mismatch between what TVET graduates offer and what employers need. This study synthesizes secondary data from 39 sources using a qualitative document analysis. The analysis identifies nine contributing factors to skills mismatch in Rwanda’s TVET sector, including outdated curricula, weak industry-institution collaboration, insufficient trainer competence, technological and infrastructure gaps, shortage of work-based learning, poor labor market information systems, limited entrepreneurial and soft skills training, funding and policy constraints, and socio-cultural barriers. These mismatches result in graduate unemployment, reduced organizational productivity, and constrained national growth. Based on the evidence, the study recommends modernizing the curriculum, expanding work-based learning, enhancing trainer development, strengthening industry partnerships, and improving labor market data systems. Due to the lack of primary data, findings are exploratory and should be validated through future tracer studies and employer surveys.
Formulation of Analog Rice High in Fiber and Protein Based on Corn and Sorghum with the Addition of Moringa Leaves: A Review Akbar Rifki Ferdiansyah; Heny Kusumayanti; Muhammad Amyra Faiz
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.29542

Abstract

Reliance on refined white rice as the dominant staple in many developing nations has been linked to dietary imbalances, particularly a lack of protein, fiber, and essential micronutrients. One potential alternative is analog rice, which is created from non-rice flours through extrusion or cold-molding methods and offers opportunities to diversify diets while supporting the utilization of indigenous crops. This review focuses on the development of analog rice formulated with corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as primary bases, supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf powder to enhance its nutritional value in terms of protein, fiber, and micronutrient content. Corn plays a vital role in providing starch functionality required during extrusion, sorghum contributes additional dietary fiber and phytochemicals, and Moringa leaves supply concentrated amounts of protein, minerals, and vitamins. Research indicates that incorporating Moringa at moderate levels (approximately 2–8%) enhances the nutrient profile without majorly affecting consumer perception, while higher inclusion rates often introduce bitterness and a greenish hue that lower acceptability. This article consolidates evidence on nutritional outcomes, production techniques, sensory limitations, and directions for further investigation, with particular focus on extrusion conditions, nutrient preservation, anti-nutritional factors, and consumer responses. Combining corn, sorghum, and Moringa shows considerable promise for generating functional staple foods with superior nutritional attributes, though additional studies remain necessary regarding nutrient bioavailability, clinical efficacy, storage behavior, and strategies for broader market adoption.
Formulation and Optimization of Avocado Oil (Persea americana oil) Emulsion as a Carrier for Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) with Sun Protection Factor Analysis in Lotion Preparation Laela Nur' Aini; Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono; Vita Paramita; Indah Hartati
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2026: JVSAR, Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.28442

Abstract

This study aims to formulate and optimize an emulsion based on avocado oil (Persea americana oil) as a delivery system for vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in cream lotion preparations using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Avocado oil was chosen due to its high α-tocopherol content and skin benefits. Optimization was carried out by varying the stirring time, homogenization speed, and avocado oil–Tween 80 ratio. The resulting emulsion was evaluated for vitamin E content, Sun Protection Factor (SPF), viscosity, pH, density, and physical stability. The optimal formulation was achieved at 11.9 min of stirring, 1000 rpm speed, and a ratio of 0.4798, resulting in a vitamin E content of 0.0913% and an SPF value of 14.02. The results showed that the oil–Tween 80 ratio had a significant effect on SPF value, while stirring speed had a low effect on vitamin E content. This emulsion shows potential as an effective topical antioxidant and UV protection formulation.

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