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Tropical Plantation Journal
Published by Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta
ISSN : 28281551     EISSN : 28281543     DOI : https://doi.org/10.56125
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Tropical Plantation Journal Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published by ,Tropical Plantation Journal aims to publish quality and original research articles in the field of plantations that include: Agrotechnology Management and agribusiness Socio-economic plantations Plant Physiology Plant breeding and genetics Plant protection Soil science and fertilization Biotechnology Agroclimatology
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 88 Documents
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Utilization Of Betel Leaf (Piper betle Linn.) and Lantana camara Leaf Extracts As Botanical Insecticides For Armyworm ControL (Spodoptera litura) Idum Satia Santi; Emmy Hamidah; Agus Manto
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i1.88

Abstract

The extensive use of synthetic insecticides has led to environmental contamination, pest resistance, and adverse effects on non-target organisms. Botanical insecticides provide a safer alternative for sustainable pest management. This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and Lantana camara leaf extracts against armyworm (Spodoptera litura).  A laboratory bioassay was conducted using three extract concentrations (30%, 40%, and 50%) arranged in a completely randomized design. Larval mortality was recorded daily for seven days after application and analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Both botanical extracts significantly increased larval mortality over time. Mortality began to rise on the second day and increased sharply on the third and fourth days after application. By the fifth day, all extract treatments resulted in nearly 100% mortality, while no mortality occurred in the control. Cumulative mortality patterns indicated that Lantana camara induced a faster initial lethal effect, whereas Piper betle showed a slightly delayed but equally effective response. No significant differences were observed among concentrations, indicating that a 30% concentration was sufficient for effective control. These results highlight the potential of betel leaf and Lantana camara extracts as effective botanical insecticides for armyworm management.
Nodulation and Morphological Response of Pueraria Javanica Bent. to Sunlight Intensity Dina Puspita Sari; Amar Ma'ruf
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i1.92

Abstract

Pueraria javanica Bent. is a tropical leguminous ground cover crop commonly planted in oil palm plantations to reduce soil erosion, fix nitrogen, and suppress weed growth. This plant is known to be resistant to fluctuations in low and high light intensity. Pueraria javanica has the ability to induce nodule formation by growing root hairs on the main branched root through a symbiosis with the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum, stimulating the root surface to encourage nodule entry. In addition, legumes have the ability to bind with soil rhizobial bacteria, which fix atmospheric N2. This is a form of N that is not available to plants, but can fix N2 from the soil. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of variations in sunlight intensity on nodule formation in Pueraria javanica and to determine the effect of sunlight intensity on vegetative growth and morphological development of Pueraria javanica. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Asahan University campus, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province, with an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level from January to March 2025. The research was conducted using a randomized block design method consisting of paranet and IAA auxin treatments. The use of paranet was divided into four levels, namely control without paranet, paranet with transparency of 50%, 75%, and 95%. Meanwhile, the application of IAA auxin consisted of three concentration levels, namely 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. The observed variables were: plant height, number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf area, fresh weight of plants, root length, number of root nodules, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots. The analysis of significant differences was made using the Tukey's HSD method. All data analysis used the SPSS application version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, United States). The results of the study showed that the treatment of various percentages of paranet on Pueraria javanica showed a significant effect on all observation parameters with the best growth in the control treatment. The application of auxin on Pueraria javanica showed a significant difference in the number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf area, fresh weight of plants, root length, number of root nodules, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots. With the best growth in the control treatment. The two treatments above between the treatment of paranet percentage and the administration of auxin showed an interaction that had a significant effect on several parameters observed, including the number of root nodules, fresh weight of roots and dry weight of roots
Paradox Of Indonesia's Natural Rubber Export Competitiveness And The Improvement Of Farmers' Welfare Guido Imanuel Pardede; Sikel Reinaldi Habeahan; Mawarni Sianturi; Jesika Lumbanraja; Oky Staycof Purba; Jongkers Tampubolon
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.102

Abstract

Natural rubber is a strategic commodity for Indonesia with a strong comparative advantage in the global market; however, this advantage is not reflected in the welfare of smallholder farmers. This study aims to analyze the paradox between Indonesia’s natural rubber export competitiveness and farmer welfare. A descriptive-comparative quantitative approach was employed using secondary data from 2010-2024 covering five major natural rubber exporting countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Côte d’Ivoire, and Malaysia. Export competitiveness was assessed using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), while farmer welfare was evaluated through income, farm-gate rubber prices, and Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP) indicators. The results show that Indonesia consistently maintained a comparative advantage (RCA 1; RSCA 0), but competitiveness declined over time, with RCA decreasing from 32.47 in 2017 to 16.34 in 2024 and RSCA declining from 0.9321 in 2010 to 0.8847 in 2024. Meanwhile, farmer welfare remained vulnerable due to price volatility, low productivity, and weak bargaining power. These findings reveal a persistent paradox between strong export competitiveness and fragile farmer welfare. Therefore, integrated policies are needed to improve productivity, strengthen farmer institutions, stabilize prices, and promote downstream industrial development.
Analysis of the Correlation of MSDS Literacy and Occupational Safety Implementation on Incident Rate Reduction in the Plantation Industry Wandha Atmaka Aji; Heri Setyawan; subakho aryo saloko; olivia elfatma; indra kurniawan; Bagus Nugroho
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.96

Abstract

Work accidents in the industrial sector are a problem that often occurs and has the potential to cause major losses, both in terms of worker safety and company productivity. One of the main factors contributing to the occurrence of accidents is low compliance with chemical handling protocols. In this context, understanding the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is very important because it serves as the main guide in the safe use, storage, and handling of chemicals.This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of understanding of MSDS, the effectiveness of implementing procedures in the field, and the number of work accidents. The method used was Pearson correlation analysis involving 40 observational samples. The data obtained showed that the average level of understanding of MSDS was 73.5 and the implementation of procedures in the field was 73.1.The results of the study revealed a very strong negative correlation between the two variables and the number of work accidents, with a coefficient value of -0.938. This shows that the higher the level of understanding and compliance with the MSDS procedure, the lower the number of work accidents. Therefore, increasing education and supervision of the implementation of MSDS is an important step in creating a safer work environment.
Analysis of The Effect of Pollinating Insects (Elaeidobius Kamerunicus) on Oil Palm Average Bunch Weight in Sei Silau Plantation of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional I Farid Nurhidayah; Bahrul Ulum; Alfiq Muhammad Pane; Audialiy Dewfan; Nur Jannah Nasution
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.101

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important plantation commodity whose productivity is closely related to the quality and yield of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). One of the main indicators of production performance is average bunch weight, which is strongly influenced by the success of pollination. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in average bunch weight before and after the introduction of the pollinating insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus. A quantitative comparative method with paired observations on the same plantation blocks was applied in this study. The data were obtained from production records in Afdeling II of Sei Silau Plantation, covering the periods of July–August 2025 (before insect introduction) and January–February 2026 (after introduction). Data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, followed by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test because the data were not normally distributed. The results showed that the average bunch weight after the release of pollinating insects was consistently higher than before the introduction. Statistical analysis also revealed significant differences, with p-values of 0.001 and 0.008 (p 0.05). These findings indicate that the presence of Elaeidobius kamerunicus improves pollination efficiency, thereby enhancing fruit formation and bunch weight. This study highlights the importance of effective pollinator management as a strategy to improve oil palm productivity in plantation systems.
Effect of Leaf Age on the Insecticidal Activity of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Leaf Extract Against Setora nitens Walker Idum Satia Santi; Emmy Hamidah; Agus Manto; Indra Kurniawan; Theofilus Tejo Murti
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.112

Abstract

Setora nitens Walker is an important defoliating pest in oil palm plantations. Botanical insecticides offer an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides for pest management. This study evaluated the influence of leaf age and concentration of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) leaf extract on the mortality of S. nitens larvae. Young and mature mahogany leaves were extracted using water and applied to oil palm leaflets through a spraying method. Four extract concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) and an untreated control were tested. Larval mortality was observed for seven days after treatment.  All extract treatments increased larval mortality compared with the control. The highest average mortality (83.8%) was recorded in the 50% concentration of young leaf extract, while the lowest mortality (69.5%) occurred in the 30% concentration of young leaves and the 40% concentration of mature leaves. All extract treatments resulted in 100% cumulative mortality by the end of the observation period, whereas no mortality was observed in the control. Young leaf extracts generally produced higher mortality than mature leaf extracts. These findings indicate that mahogany leaf extract has potential as a botanical insecticide against S. nitens. The higher effectiveness of young leaf extracts suggests that leaf age influences the insecticidal activity of mahogany leaves.
Bioameliorant: Soil Amelioration and Nutrient Distribution in Organosol Soil Through the Application of Macro and Micro Fertilizer to Optimizing on the Growth of Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Rhiki Budianto; Erwin Junaidi Lubis
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.98

Abstract

Soil Ameliorants are materials used to improve soil, playing a key role in rehabilitating and enhancing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. In the Organosol soil under study—commonly referred to as Histosol or Peat soil—the soil-improving materials play a vital role, as this soil is highly acidic, has very low levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, and contains organic acids that can be toxic to plants. The distribution of nutrients studied in Organosol soil shows a concentration of organic matter in the upper layer of the Organosol, where abundant nitrogen is bound organically; however, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium are very low due to leaching processes. In this study, the application of organic matter that supports microbial activity in Organosol soil—specifically the application of oil palm frond ash—can increase potassium (K) levels and soil acidity (pH), whilst the application of soil ameliorants can improve nutrient deficiencies in phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), demonstrating a significant and pronounced effect when applied to Organosol soil.
Vermicomposting of Oil Palm Waste-Based Spent Mushroom Substrate (Frond, Leaf, and Empty Fruit Bunch) as a Sustainable Organic Amendment: Quality Assessment of Nutrient Transformation and Physicochemical Properties Julsento HP; Herlina Mega Puspitasari; Nurcahyono Nurcahyono
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.107

Abstract

Akumulasi limbah pertanian yang semakin meningkat, khususnya substrat jamur bekas (SMS) dan limbah padat kelapa sawit, merupakan tantangan lingkungan yang signifikan dalam sistem agroindustri tropis. Studi ini mengkaji transformasi fisikokimia SMS berbasis limbah kelapa sawit—yang terdiri dari pelepah, daun, dan tandan buah kosong—selama proses vermikompos menggunakan Eisenia fetida. Proses vermikompos dilakukan dalam kondisi terkontrol dan sifat fisikokimia substrat yang diukur sebelum dan sesudah proses. Parameter yang diukur meliputi suhu, kadar udara, konduktivitas listrik (EC), pH, nitrogen total (N), total fosfor (P), kalium total (K), dan indeks kesuburan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi unsur hara setelah vermikompos: total N meningkat dari 64,33 menjadi 217,67 mg/kg (+238,4%), total P dari 90,33 menjadi 305,00 mg/kg (+237,7%), dan total K dari 206,67 menjadi 697,67 mg/kg (+237,6%). Konduktivitas listrik meningkat secara signifikan dari 1.293,33 menjadi 4.365,00 µS/cm (+237,5%), yang mencerminkan peningkatan konsentrasi zat terlarut ionik yang terkait dengan mineralisasi bahan organik. Indeks kesuburan tanah secara keseluruhan menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 237,7%, naik dari 711,00 menjadi 2.400,33 mg/kg. pH tetap stabil pada 7,70, menunjukkan kondisi netral hingga sedikit basa yang membantu ketersediaan unsur hara. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa vermikompos limbah kelapa sawit berbasis SMS merupakan strategi biokonversi yang efektif, menghasilkan vermikompos kaya nutrisi dengan potensi kuat sebagai bahan perbaikan tanah berkelanjutan untuk sistem pertanian tropis. Studi ini menyediakan data dasar penting untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan limbah biosirkular di sektor kelapa sawit Indonesia.
Analysis of Oil Palm Production Potential Based on Plantation Area in Major Oil Palm-Producing Provinces of Indonesia Heri Setyawan; Agus Manto; Wandha Atmaka Aji; Adhitya Kurniadhi; Theofilus Tejo Murti
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.103

Abstract

Oil palm is one of the leading plantation commodities that contributes significantly to the Indonesian economy. Plantation area is one of the main factors influencing oil palm production. This study aimed to analyze the potential of oil palm production based on plantation area in several major oil palm-producing provinces in Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using secondary data from ten major oil palm-producing provinces in Indonesia in 2024. The variables analyzed included plantation area, production, and oil palm productivity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and simple linear regression. The results showed that Riau Province had the largest plantation area and production, reaching 3,490,000 ha and 9,130,000 tons, respectively, while Central Kalimantan recorded the highest productivity at 3.67 tons/ha. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a very strong positive relationship between plantation area and oil palm production, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.973. Furthermore, simple linear regression analysis produced the equation Y = 2.7218X + 94,434 with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9476, indicating that 94.76% of the variation in oil palm production could be explained by plantation area.These findings demonstrate that plantation area is the dominant factor affecting oil palm production in the major oil palm-producing provinces of Indonesia. Therefore, increasing oil palm production can be achieved through the optimization of plantation land utilization and improvements in plantation productivity.
Analysis of The Ripeness And Weight of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) on Oil Content And FFA Rengga Arnalis Renjani; Nuraeni Dwi Dharmawati; Husaini Firdaus
Tropical Plantation Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2026): TROPICAL PLANTATION JOURNAL
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56125/tpj.v5i2.91

Abstract

The quality of palm oil is greatly influenced by the quality of the processed fresh fruit bunches (FFB), especially based on the maturity level and weight of the bunches. The difference in FFB characteristics can affect the oil yield and the level of FattyAcid (FFA) produced. This study aims to analyze the effect between the weight and maturity level of FFB on oil content and FFA content. The research method was carried out by sampling FFB in grading which was grouped based on weight (light 5 kg, medium 5–10 kg, and weight 10 kg) and fruit ripeness level (raw, ripe, and late ripe). The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between the weight of FFB on the oil content produced and FFA levels, analyze the influence of FFB maturity level on yield and FFA, analyze the proportion of FFB maturity level on FFA levels and yield in palm oil. The results of the study are expected to show the relationship between FFB weight and maturity level on oil yield and FFA levels. This research is expected to provide useful scientific information for palm oil mills in improving the efficiency of the FFB grading and processing process so as to produce palm oil with better quality.

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