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Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti
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Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia Phone: +62 361 4744646 Fax: +62 361 4744646 Email: editor@phpmarchive.org
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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)" : 17 Documents clear
Relationship between Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge and Attitude of Fertile Aged Women in Seeking Pap Smear Services at Sukawati II Community Health Centre, Gianyar Regency Martini; Luh Putu Lila Wulandari; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p11

Abstract

Background and purpose: Pap smear coverage in 2011 at Sukawati II Health Centre was only 0.39% (17 people) which is well below the district target of 85%. This is in fact a decrease from 2009 (1.12%/49 people) and 2010 (0.73%/32 people). This study was aimed to examine the relationship between demographics, knowledge, and attitudes of reproductive aged women, including sexual behavior and pap smear seeking behavior. Methods: Research used a cross-sectional survey among 50 reproductive aged women from Sukawati II Health Center, not pregnant and literate. Data was collected through structured questionnaire interview and secondary data from healthcare center records. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate (chi-squared test) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). Results: Bivariate analysis indicated that education (p=0.006), financial status (p=0.024), knowledge (p=0.006) and attitude (p=0.001) were significantly associated with pap smear practices. The multivariate analysis showed that onlythe attitude ofwomen that related toactionswith apap smearwith OR=12 (95%CI: 2.31-62.46). Conclusion: The attitude of reproductive aged women is associated to pap smear practices in Sukawati II Health Centre, Gianyar Regency.
Factors related to Acceptance of HIV Testing by Pregnant Mothers in Health Centres in Denpasar City Ni Ketut Arniti; Luh Putu Wulandari; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p12

Abstract

Purpose: To determine reasons of pregnant mothers to undergo HIV testing and factors influencing this decision. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 120 pregnant mothers seeking antenatal care in two sites: Puskesmas I Denpasar Utara and Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan, during the period of 26 March to 22 April 2014. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using univariate to determine the frequency distribution of each variable, bivariate to determine the relationship between the dependent variable with each independent variable by the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis performed by logistic regression to determine the dominant factors to improve the acceptance of pregnant mothers to HIV testing. Results: Reasons to undergo HIV testing were on recommendation from health providers (65.8%), concern for personal status (61.7%) and concerns about possibility of vertical transmission (19.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that the acceptance by pregnant mothers was higher in mothers unemployed (75.8%; p=0.033), good knowledge about HIV and its transmission (78.4%; p=0.001), was susceptible to HIV/AIDS (72.0%; p=0.019), the perception that HIV/AIDS is a severe disease (77.0%; p≤0.001), perceptions of the benefits of HIV testing (70.8%; p=0.002), absence perceived barriers (100%; p≤0.001) as well as good support from husband/family (87.7%; p≤0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that factors influencing were support from husband/family with OR=8.71 (95%CI: 2.89-26.28), perception of severity of HIV with OR=3.39 (95%CI: 1.08-10.69) and employment status with OR=2.82 (95%CI: 1.07-7.42). Conclusion: The majority of women to undergo HIV testing because of recommendations by staff and a desire to know HIV status. Acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant mothers was influenced by the support of the husband/family, the perception of the severity of HIV / AIDS, and employment status.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure as Risk Factor in Early Neonatal Death in Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Musrifa; Luh Putu Lila Wulandari; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p13

Abstract

Objective: To investigate tobacco smoke exposure as risk factor of early neonatal death in Mataram, NTB. Method: The study design was case control with a total sample of 87 consisting of 29 cases and 58 controls (1:2). Dependent variable was early neonatal death, independent variable was tobacco smoke exposure. Frequency of antenatal visit, family income, delivery complications, anemia and low birth weight were confounding variables. Data were collected through interview and registered cohort data from nine health centres during the period of 1 January-31 December 2013. Data were analyzed by using bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) to calculate crude OR and adjusted OR. Result: Results of bivariate analysis indicated that tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy, extent of exposure ≥3 cigarettes/days during pregnancy, and amount of exposure ≥6 cigarettes/days last 24 hours were 2.75 (95%CI: 0.72-10.50); 2.34 (95%CI: 0.77-7.08); and 2.18 (95%CI: 0.65-7.29) respectively, increasing neonatal death but was not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis indicated that tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy was 1.32 (95%CI: 0.03-69.90). OR of other variables: low birth weight, family income under IDR 1,100,000,- and delivery complications were 204.39 (95%CI: 20.37-2050.07); 7.86 (95%CI: 1.45-42.83) and 7.55 (95%CI: 1.01-56.38) respectively. Conclusion: Tobacco smoke exposure was not statistically significant risk factor, specifically the smoking habits of the husband. Study discovered that low birth weight, family income under IDR 1,100,000,- and delivery complication during birth were statistically significant factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings.
The Competency, Financial Compensation, Supervision and Performance of the Village Midwives in the Bangli Regency Ari Adiputri; I Putu Ganda Wijaya; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p14

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the relationship between the performance of village midwives with competency, financial compensation and supervision in the Bangli Regency. Methods: The research is a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 45 midwives of Bangli Regency. Data were collected through interviews by using questionnaires in their village. Dependent variabel is the performance of village midwives. Independent variables of this research were competency, financial compensation and supervision. The data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate (chi-squared test) and multivariate (logistic regression). Results: The univariate analysis indicates that the performance of village midwives is mostly unfavorable (62.2%). The multivariate analysis indicates that the most significant variable was supervision with OR=25.06 (95%CI: 3.24-193.50). Financial compensation and competency were less significant with OR=13.27 (95%CI: 1.49-118.21) and OR=11.31 (95%CI: 1.45-88.21). Conclusion: Supervision was a more influential factor than financial compensation and competency into increasing the performance of village midwives in the Bangli Regency.
Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis: Loss to Follow Up Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy in Kerti Praja Foundation Bali 2002-2012 Desak Nyoman Widyanthini; Anak Agung Sawitri Sawitri; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p15

Abstract

Background and purpose: Lower loss to follow up (LTFU) is one indicator of the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2013 the Indonesian Ministry of Health reported that the cumulative percentage of LTFU was as high as 17.3%. To date, there has been no retrospective research into LTFU on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Bali, particularly to investigate PLHIV client characteristics. Methods: This descriptive longitudinal study was conducted to analyze secondary data from records of PLHIV initiating ART between 2002-2012 at Clinic Amertha, Kerti Praja Foundation (YKP). The sample was PLHIV receiving ART at the YKP from 2002-2012 that had first received ART in YKP and had minimum 2 consultations. Data used was that recorded in the medical records. Variables were: age, gender, occupation, the presence of ART supervisor, and HIV transmission mode. Data were analyzed descriptively to obtain insight into characteristics of LTFU clients per 100 person years (PY). Length of time since LTFU was assessed. Results: The sample was 548: 77 (14,1%) were LTFU with crude incidence of LTFU at 5.15 per 100 PY. Median time of LTFU was not reached in this study, because of the low outcome incidence. Specific LTFU incidence was higher in women (6.6 per 100 PY), younger age (6.0 per 100 PY), and female sex workers (7.3 per 100 PY). Lack of ART supervisor (9.3 per 100 PY) and homosexual (9.1 per 100 PY) also had higher LTFU incidence. Conclusion: Specific LTFU incidence was higher in women, younger age, female sex workers, lack of ART supervisor, and homosexual.
Policy for Drug Users in Indonesia: A Critical Policy Analysis of Jail Punishment and an Alternate Rehabilitation Policy I Nyoman Sutarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p16

Abstract

Given the fact that drug use is a complex problem, public intervention to change and address its determinants are crucial. Social and economic capitals should be channelled via several options, ranging from ‘pro to the poor’ policy, micro economic enterprise, diversion from informal economy, community engagement, social health insurance for poor people, economic development strategy for community and national level and employment initiatives or providing wider access for job opportunity. National public health policy strategies regarding drug user treatment are also necessary to facilitate future interventions.
Prostitution Legislation Reforms in Western Australia: What Indonesia Can Learn Komang Ayu Kartika Sari
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2014.v2.i1.p17

Abstract

The proposed approach in prostitution in WA needs to be redirected to decriminalisation system with the implementation of harm reduction to achieve the effective public health efforts. Intensive health promotion efforts, including accurate information for HIV positive sex workers and health policies to reduce stigma and discrimination for all sex workers are needed to provide supportive environment for sex workers, which will enable their health and safety issues to be addressed. These approaches should be applied in the Indonesian context as well, where sex workers are still illegal and mostly criminalised. Decriminalisation system is needed even when there is no idea of legalising prostitution yet in Indonesia. In addition, as brothel-based sex workers are more organised and easier to reach, they have higher potential to participate in the health promotion efforts. The established brothels in Indonesia therefore should be well managed in terms of health and safety in the premises, without any human rights violation and criminalisation.

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