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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 25, No. 4" : 8 Documents clear
Capsaicinoids from Capsicum annuum as an Alternative FabH Inhibitor of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: In Silico Study Krisnamurti, Gabriella Chandrakirana; Sari, Dewi Ratih Tirto; Bare, Yohanes
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide reached 1.5 million in 2018; thus, TB is considered a deadly disease. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and involves lipid synthesis. Considering the importance of lipid metabolism in bacteria, FabH may be an essential protein target for repressing lipid synthesis. Capsaicinoids from Capsicum annuum demonstrate potent antibacterial activity. This study predicted the ability of capsaicinoid compounds to inhibit FabH. In silico analysis was performed by retrieving the structure of FabH from PDB and those of selected capsaicinoid derivatives from PubChem. The compounds were docked using AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8 software. The interactions of FabH and different capsaicinoid derivatives showed identical binding characteristics. The bonding type most frequently observed was hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, capsaicinoid derivatives could block lipid synthesis through FabH. The relevant mechanism and biological processes should be studied further.
Effect of Dry Oxidation and Thermal Annealing on AlN/GaN/AlN/Si (111) and Evaluation of its Electrical Characteristics Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Zaki; Mahyuddin, Azzafeerah; Hasssan, Zainuriah; Yahya, ‪Muhammad Syarifuddin
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

We proposed a technique for improving the platinum (Pt) Schottky contact dark current of the AlN/GaN/AlN/Si(111) substrate. The AlN/GaN/AlN/ heterostructure sample was successfully grown on a silicon substrate by radio frequency molecular beam epitaxy. The high quality of the interlayer heterostructure sample was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the TEM image, a good quality single interface layer with spacing less than 1 nm was detected. The strong significant peaks obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement indicated that the sample has a high structural quality for each grown layer. Dry oxidation and thermal annealing were used in conjunction to effectively reduce the leakage current of the Schottky contact of the AlN/GaN/AlN/Si(111) substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed the presence of the element oxygen. Dry oxidation enhanced the surface roughness and surface-active area of the samples. Al2O3 contributed to the low leakage current of the Pt Schottky contact of the AlN/GaN/AlN/Si(111) substrate. The Al2O3 layer acted as an insulator layer, and retarded the current flow of devices.
Mercury Contamination in Selected Edible Plants and Soil from Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia Saragih, Grace Serepina; Tapriziah, Ely Rahmi; Syofyan, Yunesfi; Masitoh, Siti; Pandiangan, Yohana Sari Hotmatua; Andriantoro, Andriantoro
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities often pollute soil, water, and air, thereby achieving widespread proliferation, and contaminating the surrounding biota including plants. Mercury contamination on agricultural land around ASGM areas has been widely reported. This study aims to determine the total mercury contamination in plants and soil around active ASGM sites in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia, namely, Waluran, Lengkong, and Ciemas Districts. Total mercury (Hg) content was measured from 27 plant samples (including cassava [Manihot utilisima], rice [Oryza sativa], and papaya [Carica papaya]), 7 rhizosphere soil samples, and 7 non-rhizosphere soil samples. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test. Results showed no significant difference in total mercury concentrations among locations or plant parts, between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils (p > 0.05), and among cassava plant parts, papaya, and rice. The highest mercury level was found in cassava (0.33–43.27 ppm). Mercury contamination in rice and papaya was relatively low at 0.03–1.22 and 0.06–5.11 ppm, respectively. According to the Regulation of the Head of BPOM of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2017 concerning the Maximum Limit of Heavy Metal Contamination in Processed Food, 0.03 ppm is the maximum limit of mercury contamination in fruits, vegetables, and cereals. Therefore, all plant samples around the ASGM sites have exceeded the maximum mercury contamination and thus are not suitable for consumption.
Lead Concentration in The Soil Around a Used Battery Recycling Site in Tangerang Regency, Indonesia Fauzi, Ridwan; Hidayat, Muhamad Yusup; Hindratmo, Bambang; Masitoh, Siti; Saragih, Grace Serepina
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Long-term lead (Pb) exposure can affect human health. Used battery recycling is a source of Pb emission, and the smoke from the facility carries Pb particles that accumulate in the soil. This study aimed to determine the concentration of accumulated Pb in the soil around Kadu Manis Battery Recycling Industrial Estate, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia in 2018. Soil samples were collected by employing a purposive strategy in four directions from the hot spot at a 0–7.5 km radius. Pb content in the soil was analyzed using a modified version of the official method from American Public Health Association number 3030-H in 2012 and work instructions for metal 01 in 2014. Results showed that the Pb concentration in the soil around this site was below the threshold with an average value of 94.43 mg/kg dry weight and a range of 16.56–279.42 mg/kg dry weight. The soil closest to the facility had the highest Pb concentration. These findings indicated that the management of emission from used battery recycling site must be improved.
Magnetically Separable Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Photocatalyst Composites Prepared through Hetero Agglomeration for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat Gunlazuardi, Jarnuzi; Fisli, Adel; Ridwan, Ridwan; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih; Robert, Didier
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A photocatalyst supported on magnetic material allows the simple technique by using an external magnetic material to separate photocatalyst from the treated water. Thus, it is a magnetically separable nanoparticles photocatalyst (MSNP). The use of superparamagnetic nanoparticles that do not pose spontaneous magnetic moment thus could be dispersed in water and can be recollected easily by an external magnetic bar. We prepare Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite by hetero agglomeration of Fe3O4/SiO2 and TiO2 at a pH range of 3 to 6.2 in an aqueous slurry.The Fe3O4/SiO2 was prepared via co-precipitation of iron (II) and iron (III) ionic solution containing ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The prepared composites were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR, and VSM, while the photocatalytic activities were tested toward paraquat in water. Based on zeta potential values, the Fe3O4/SiO2and TiO2 were being hetero agglomerated at pH 5 to obtain Fe3O4/SiO­2/TiO2 composite. The XRD characterization confirmed the presence of anatase, rutile, and magnetite crystal phases. TEM images showed that the Fe3O4 was covered by SiO2 and randomly attached to TiO2. The observed FTIR peak at 940-960 cm-1 attributed to -Si-O-Ti- bonding mode, ensuring photocatalyst (TiO2) adherence to the Fe3O4/SiO2 cluster. The prepared Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite showed good photocatalytic activity for the paraquat removal and showed a good magnetic property (VSM measurement)
Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals for Daily Fish Consumption from Selected Former Tin Mining Ponds in Peninsular Malaysia: A Review on Safety of Fish Consumption Rosli, Mohd Hafiz; Md Joni, Amirul Azuan; Malik, Nur Khaliesah Abdul
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Tin mining was the predominate mining industry in Malaysia, especially during the mid-19th century. Most of the former mining areas have been reused for aquaculture purposes. Fish produced from former mining areas have been misunderstood as a high health risk if consumed due to their likelihood of containing high heavy metal content in their tissue. Therefore, we review national information on trace metals levels in the tissue of fish from selected former mining ponds in Peninsular Malaysia, together with background concentration of trace metals in their surroundings and food security and human health implications. Seven trace metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) were observed in the water column and sediment. Various reports showed that background trace metal concentrations in the former mining area are mostly lower than several established limits (which were used as the main reference), except for the areas that were being treated for secondary use. Trace metal concentrations in the fish tissue also showed the same trend of high concentrations due to improper or unfinished treatment of former mining ponds. In the context of food safety, various local reports have shown that the consumption of aquaculture products from former mining areas over a lifetime is unlikely to cause any harmful effects and hence may be regarded to be safe. However, these findings are restricted due to the limited studies in Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, extensive study regarding this particular issue is highly recommended
Antimicrobial Activity of Ferulic Acid in Indonesian Purple Rice through Toll-like Receptor Signaling Wijayanti, Ernanin Dyah; Safitri, Anna; Siswanto, Dian; Triprisila, Lidwina Faraline; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
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Abstract

Purple rice is a potential source of ferulic acid, which has antimicrobial properties. However, the inhibitory mechanism of ferulic acid on the growth of bacteria, particularly Salmonella and Listeria, has not been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the bioactivity of ferulic acid from purple rice as an antimicrobial agent against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes using in vitro and in silico analyses. The antimicrobial activity of a purple rice ferulic acid extract was tested using the agar well diffusion method. Its effect on bacterial cells was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Ferulic acid was confirmed to have antimicrobial properties using in silico software to attenuate the binding of bacterial virulence factors (lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and flagellins) to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and to prevent interactions with peptidoglycans. The purple rice ferulic acid extract inhibited bacterial growth. The inhibitory effects included induction of a biofilm and shrinkage of S. Typhimurium, as well as osmotic lysis of L. monocytogenes. This activity was supported by the ability of ferulic acid to inhibit the binding of bacterial virulence factors with TLRs and block bacterial peptidoglycans. These findings indicate that the purple rice ferulic acid extract acts as antimicrobial, both directly to bacterial cells and indirectly through TLRs. We conclude that ferulic acid from Indonesian purple rice has a biological function as an antimicrobial agent.
Self-Assembly of Black Cumin Oil-Based Nanoemulsion on Various Surfactants: A Molecular Dynamics Study Hidayat, Aulia Fikri; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Black cumin is commonly used as traditional medicine due to its wide range of pharmacological potential. Black cumin oil (BCO) was often prepared as nanoemulsion to improve its solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular behavior as well as structural evolution of BCO-surfactant systems during self-assembly micellization using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Several BCO constituents and variations of surfactants were employed to model BCO-surfactant systems. 50 ns of MD simulations were performed to elucidate their evolution of structures and physicochemical properties during formation. Results showed that BCO-tween20 and BCO-lecithin were able to form spherical-shaped micelles with the effective radii of 10.20 and 8.67 nm at the end of the simulation. Also, from the root mean square deviation and radius of gyration profile, it is showed that BCO-tween20 system was able to maintain the stability of its structure throughout the simulation. Results also revealed that self-assembly of BCO-surfactant systems were exothermic processes, confirming spontaneous nature upon formation

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