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Jurnal Ilmiah Sains
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 14123770     EISSN : 25409840     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v22i2.40961
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains (Journal of Scientific Sciences) is the Journals Published by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Published Twice a Year, i.e April and October. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains  welcomes full research articles in the area of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from the following subject areas: Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Physics Chemistry Biology
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025" : 8 Documents clear
Effectiveness of Activated Carbon from Corn Cobs (Zea mays L.) as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dyes Henry Fonda Aritonang; Fajar Saut Hamonangan Sitinjak; Audy Denny Wuntu; Harry Julius Koleangan; Widya Astuti Lolo
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.58742

Abstract

Wastewater treatment is one of the methods used to reduce pollution levels and the harmful effects of wastewater on the environment and human health. Wastewater containing dye substances also has the potential to kill organisms living in the surrounding environment. One solution for treating synthetic wastewater is through the adsorption process. The adsorbent used is derived from corn cobs (Zea mays L.), so the aim of this study is to synthesize and evaluate activated carbon from corn cobs as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB). To achieve this, the pyrolysis method was employed by placing corn cobs in a furnace heated to 600 °C for 3 hours. The resulting activated carbon was then treated with either H₂SO₄ or NaOH for activation.The produced activated carbon was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) to analyze its crystal structure, functional groups, morphology, and elemental composition. Characterization results revealed that the activated carbon had a small crystallite size and irregular pores. Adsorption tests using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer demonstrated that corn cob-based activated carbon efficiently adsorbed MB. The highest adsorption efficiency was achieved at a contact time of 90 minutes (99.03%), pH 7 (99.01%), and a concentration of 50 ppm (99.17%) using 0.1 grams of adsorbent. Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous adsorbent surface. Keywords: Adsorbent; activated carbon; methylene blue; sodium hydroxide; corn cobs
Incorporation of Lokon Ash, Plastic and Fish Scales Waste in Concrete Composites and Their Compressive Strength Maria Daurina Bobanto; Dolfie Paulus Pandara; Maureen Kumaunang; Gerald Hendrik Tamuntuan; Ferdy Ferdy; Riskivany Marsaoly
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.59325

Abstract

Sustainable construction efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production suggest incorporating pozzolanic and waste materials into concrete composites. This research focuses on evaluating the compressive strength of concrete composites that include Mount Lokon volcanic ash, plastic waste, and fish scale waste. The study was conducted through several stages: preparation of raw materials, production of concrete composites with varying mix ratios, curing for 14–28 days, and compressive strength testing using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM). The findings indicate that replacing 7% of cement with Lokon ash provides the best compressive strength, reaching 2.7 MPa after 14 days of curing. When plastic is used as an aggregate at 13% in a mix of 13% cement, 7% Lokon ash, and 67% sand, the compressive strength improves to 3.7 MPa after 28 days of curing. The inclusion of 7% fish scale waste in the composite increases compressive strength, though it still falls short of the minimum strength required by SNI standards. Lokon ash, plastic, and fish scale waste have potential for use in non-structural concrete blocks. Further research is required to better understand the role of fish scale waste as a filler in concrete blends with cement, Lokon ash, plastic, and sand. The integration of these materials supports the advancement of sustainable construction practices.
Optimization Media for the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in Co-Culture with Bacteria Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas; Fairus Zain; Dila Amelia; Raden Roro Ranty Kusumaningayu; Dhiyauddin Aridhowi; Achmad Rodiansyah; Ida Mawadah; Dita Ayu Eka Saputri
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.61326

Abstract

The demand for fuel energy in Indonesia is continuously rising, while the availability of fossil fuels is increasingly limited. Consequently, an alternative renewable biodiesel feedstock, such as the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, is urgently needed. One effective strategy to boost microalgal biomass is through co-culture with bacteria, as the positive interactions between the two have been proven to accelerate microalgal growth rates via various mechanisms. As an essential factor in the cultivation process, the selection of a culture medium that provides optimal nutrition is a crucial step to support maximum C. vulgaris growth. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the optimization of both the culture medium and the bacterial co-culture technique to maximize C. vulgaris proliferation. We compared the effectiveness of two culture media (Gusrina Medium and Guillard Medium) and two levels of bacterial addition (monoculture and co-culture). Cultivation was performed in a photobioreactor with a 12-hour on : 12-hour off aeration cycle and a 16-hour light : 8-hour dark photoperiod. The results demonstrate that microalgae-bacteria co-culture in Gusrina Medium yielded the most optimal C. vulgaris cell growth. The best bacterial combination utilized in the co-culture consisted of IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) producing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and amylolytic bacteria. This specific combination of medium and bacteria is recommended for the large-scale development of C. vulgaris biomass as a sustainable biodiesel feedstock.
Pengaruh Sifat Termofisis Kaca Jendela Terhadap Suhu Radiasi Dalam Ruangan Akibat Paparan Sinar Matahari Sangkertadi Sangkertadi; Alicia A.E. Sinsuw; Octavianus H.A. Rogi; Surijadi Supardjo; Ricky M.S. Lakat; Stepahanie J Najoan; Asni A. Nuchri; Rexvan L Podung
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.62421

Abstract

This paper describes the influence of thermophysical properties of building window glass on changes in radiation heat in a room due to sunlight on the window glass surface. From the various properties of glass, it is necessary to know which one has the greatest influence on the average radiation temperature in a room. This study uses a simulation calculation method by applying a steady-state heat transfer model using a spreadsheet and a computer program. In the calculation process, various variations of glass thermophysical properties are applied, including heat absorption coefficient, heat transmittance, heat reflectance, thickness and emissivity. In addition, the amount of solar radiation from 08.00 am to 04,00 pm was also varied with the case of tropical climates. The direction of the windows is varied facing North and West. The location of the building is at 1.50 North Latitude. The case is a typical office room measuring (6x6x2.5) m3, where the size of the window glass is considered full on the face facing the sky. The output is the temperature of the outer and inner glass surfaces, the temperature of the walls and floors in the room exposed to direct sunlight, and the average radiation temperature in the room. Visualization of the radiation heat emission pattern is also displayed using a heat transfer software. The simulation results show that the heat transmittance coefficient is the thermophysical property that has the most influence on changes in average heat radiation in the room. Meanwhile, the amount of heat absorption by glass has a significant effect on the surface temperature of the outer and inner glass areas. Keywords: Glass; Radiation; Tropical; Window
Pharmacological Potential of the Stem of Butterfly Root Plant (Phanera semibifida Roxb. var. semibifida): A Phytochemical, Toxicity, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Study Ayu Mellyanti; Rita Hairani; Erwin Erwin; Winni Astuti; Medi Hendra; Eva Marliana
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.62442

Abstract

Phanera semibifida Roxb. var. semibifida, commonly known as the butterfly root plant, is one of the plants frequently used by various indigenous tribes in Kalimantan as a traditional medicinal plant. This study was conducted to identify the secondary metabolite compounds, toxicity level, and anti-inflammatory activity of the plant. Extraction of the stem of the butterfly root plant was carried out using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent, followed by partitioning with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening of the stem was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Toxicity testing was conducted using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated based on protein denaturation inhibition in vitro using a ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The crude extract of the stem was found to contain alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolics; the n-hexane fraction contained triterpenoids and steroids; the ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolics, while the aqueous fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics. The toxicity levels (LC₅₀) of the crude extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and aqueous fraction were 57.45; 158.04; 42.34; and 72.88 µg/mL, respectively, indicating toxic activity against Artemia salina L. larvae. The anti-inflammatory activity levels (IC₅₀) of the crude extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and aqueous fraction were 124.95 µg/mL (moderate category); 161.27 µg/mL (moderate category); 99.15 µg/mL (strong category); and 143.44 µg/mL (moderate category), respectively. These results indicate that the stem of the butterfly root plant (Phanera semibifida Roxb. var. semibifida) contains bioactive compounds and has potential as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
Optimization of Temperature and Time of Microwave Assisted Extraction of Dewandaru Leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) on Antioxidant Activity and Its Application in Body Scrub Khoirul Anwar; Gharsina Ghaisani Yumni; Ayu Shabrina; Aulia Septiani Putri; Melani Putri Britama
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.63488

Abstract

Dewandaru leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds that function as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the optimal extraction temperature and duration using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method to maximize the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Dewandaru leaves, and to incorporate the optimized extract into a body scrub formulation. Extractions were carried out at temperatures ranging from 40–80 °C and durations of 10–30 minutes, optimized using Design Expert 13.0. Phytochemical screening and FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, indicated by absorption peaks at 3248.4 cm⁻¹ (bonded O–H), 1654.9 cm⁻¹ (conjugated aromatic C=C), and 1112.6–1205.8 cm⁻¹ (phenolic C–O). The IC₅₀ value was used as an indicator of antioxidant activity. The optimal combination was obtained at 63 °C and 30 minutes, yielding 24.794% extract with an IC₅₀ value of 70.325 ppm. The optimized extract was formulated into four variations of body scrub and evaluated for physical parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. All formulations exhibited stable characteristics suitable for topical application. These findings indicate that the MAE method is effective for extracting bioactive compounds from Dewandaru leaves and has potential for development as an active ingredient in natural cosmetic preparations. Keywords: Antioxidants;  body scrub; dewandaru; flavonoids
Design and Application of a Drip Irrigation System Using Solar Power David P. Rumambi; Ruland A. Rantung; Hildy Wullur
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.63768

Abstract

This research aims to design and apply a solar-powered drip irrigation system that is efficient in water use, especially on dry land. The system is designed using 100 WP solar panels to drive drip irrigation pumps, thus saving energy and reducing dependence on conventional energy sources. The research was conducted at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, with the method of assembling and testing the performance of the system. The results show that this drip irrigation system has a water flow uniformity coefficient of 97% with an average discharge per dripper reaching 24.53 ml/minute. This system allows for consistent water distribution and meets the water needs of pakcoy plants in dry land. The application of this solar-based drip irrigation system not only improves water use efficiency but also offers environmentally friendly and energy-saving solutions. The results of this study support the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector and are expected to be adapted to various locations with similar geographical conditions to support sustainability and food security. Keywords: Drip irrigation; dryland; renewable energy; solar power; water efficiency
Mold on Food Product: Comparative Analysis of YOLO Variants for Detecting Rhizopus stolonifer on Bread Vanny Hani Siwi; Jonathan Wuntu; Norrytha Lineke Wuntu; Audy Denny Wuntu
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.64398

Abstract

Bread is a staple food that is highly susceptible to fungal contamination, particularly by Rhizopus stolonifer, which poses significant health and food safety risks. Early and accurate detection of mold growth is essential to prevent spoilage and ensure consumer safety. This study presents a comparative analysis of recent YOLO (You Only Look Once) variants, YOLOv8n, YOLOv10n, YOLO11n, and YOLOv12n for detecting Rhizopus stolonifer mold on bread surfaces. This study utilized a mold detection dataset sourced from the Roboflow platform, which contains annotated bread images captured under diverse lighting, texture, and contamination conditions to support robust model training. Each YOLO variant was trained and evaluated under consistent hyperparameters to ensure fairness in comparison. Experimental results indicate that YOLOv8n achieved an mAP50 of 0.472 and mAP50:95 of 0.203; YOLOv10n achieved 0.474 and 0.191, respectively; YOLO11n achieved 0.504 and 0.204; and YOLOv12n achieved 0.503 and 0.224. Among these, YOLO11n demonstrated the highest mAP50 performance, while YOLOv12n attained the best mAP50:95 score, indicating superior detection consistency across varying IoU thresholds. These findings suggest that recent YOLO architectures offer promising potential for real-time and automated detection of Rhizopus stolonifer mold in bread, supporting advancements in intelligent food safety monitoring systems.

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