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Journal of Global Pharma Technology
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 09758542     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
ournal of Global Pharma Technology is a monthly, open access, Peer review journal of Pharmacy published by JGPT Journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports and systematic reviews. The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to articles published in JGPT. JGPT publishes original research work that contributes significantly to the scientific knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences- Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Cosmeticology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacognosy, Natural Product Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Applied Computer Technology. For this purpose we would like to ask you to contribute your excellent papers in pharmaceutical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
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Water Purification of Sea of Oman and Persian Gulf with Humic Acid and Measurement of Copper Ion (II) by Differential Pulse Voltammetry Abouzar Tahkor
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

The present research intended to remove heavy metals from the water samples of the sea of Oman and the Persian Gulf using Humic acid. The antimicrobial experiments showed that Humic acid can also remove Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) Coliform, a water pollutant, from surface water. After the removal of heavy metals ions, only copper ion (II) was measured by differential pulse voltammetry technique. Several parameters such as optimal conditions for measurement by differential pulse voltammetry, time, and pre-concentration of pH were considered in water purification and measurement of copper ion (II).The calibration curve changed linearly before passing through humic acid column 160-1 (µM), after passing through humic acid column 400-1 (µM) and after being washed with Hydrochloric acid 400-1 (µM) using standard addition technique in order to measure the concentration of copper ion in the sea of Oman. Accordingly, the concentration of copper ion (II) was obtained as 13 ppb before passing through humic acid column, 8.1 ppb after passing through humic acid column and 2.4 ppb after being washed with Hydrochloric acid column. Furthermore, the calibration curve changed linearly before passing through humic acid column 400-8 (µM), after passing through humic acid column 400-1 (µM) and after washing humic acid column with Hydrochloric acid 400-1 (µM)in order to measure the concentration of copper ion in the water of the Persian Gulf. Accordingly, the concentration of copper ion (II) was obtained as 28.72 ppb before passing through humic acid column, 14.69 ppb after passing through humic acid column, and the absorbed ion was 10.95 ppb after being washed with Hydrochloric acid column. Using standard addition technique, the limit of detection (LOD) of measured coper was calculated as1.69×10-6 (µM) in the imposed potential of the sea of Oman and -0.25×10-6 (µM) in the water of Persian Gulf.Keywords: Differential pulse voltammetry technique; Water purification of sea of Oman and Persian Gulf; Humic Acid; Copper Ion (II).  
Occurrence of qnr Gene in Diarrheagenic Ciprofloxacin¬-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Acute Diarrhea Thanaa R. Abdulrahman
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 02 (2020) Feb. 2020
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Abstract

Background: Quinolone resistance Escherichia coli have been dramatically increased in last years. This resistance occurs either by chromosomal, or plasmid-mediated. The plasmid-mediated Quinolone resistance (qnr) gene which encompasses five different groups including qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, and qnrS has been shown to aid resistance to fluoroquinolones. Objective: To estimate the occurrence of qnr among Diarrheagenic E coli strains isolated from patients with acute diarrhea. Methods:  This study included 43 E. coli clinical isolates recovered from 304 fresh stool specimens which were collected from patients presenting with acute diarrhea. Stool samples were plated onto MacConkey agar for 24 hr at 37ºC. The susceptibility and resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic acid for all bacterial isolates were identified by standard procedures such as disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration. DNA was extracted from plasmids using commercial kits and then, the molecular diagnosis was performed with Multi-Plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using specific primers for qnr genes. Results:  Culture result revealed that E. coli was isolated from 43(14.1%) of 304 stool samples. Among these, 12 isolates were resistant to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.  There were 18 qnr genes among these isolates. The qnrA gene was the most common (8/18, 44.4%) followed by qnrB (6/18, 33.3%), whereas qnrS gene represented only 4/18 (22.2%) of the total gens.  Conclusion: there is an increase in the occurrence of quinolone resistance among Diarrheagenic E. coli which harbored multiple plasmids profile. The most common gene for quinolone resistance in current study was qnrA gene.Keywords:  Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Quinolone resistance (qnr) genes, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid.
Application of Cinnamaldehyde-Chitosan Coating to Prolong Shelf-Life of Grapefruit (Citrus Maxima) N. P. Minh
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 05.
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Abstract

Grapefruit (Citrus Maxima) is one of the most important citrus fruit cultivated in Vietnam. Its stability is quite short under ambient temperature. The edible coating could keep textural properties, sensory appearance and control respiration rate of fruits by functioning as a semipermeable vapor and gas barrier to regulate the moisture and gases in the package. Chitosan is recognized as safe and has been widely applied as a successful carrier for incorporating with the antimicrobial agents. The objective of this research was to prolong the fresh fruit quality of grapefruit by using cinnamaldehyde-chitosan coating. The results indicated that 1.0% cinnamaldehyde-chitosan application could maintain the highest fruit quality properties such as weight loss, decay rate, firmness, sugar, acidity, and vitamin C. By this application, the storage life of grapefruit could be extended to 28 days under ambient temperature.Keywords: Grapefruit, cinnamaldehyde, chitosan, coating, storage.
The Seroprevalence of Parvovirus B19 among Pregnant Women with Spontaneous Abortion in Thi-Qar province, Iraq Khalid R. Majeed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

Background: Parvovirus B19 (B19 V) is a pathogenic for humans and the cause of erythema infectiosum, a common rash of childhood. B19 infection also causes severe disease such as chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients; aplastic crisis in the fetus can lead to cardiac failure, nonimmune hydrops, and fetal death in pregnant women.  Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG) to Parvovirus B19 in pregnant women with spontaneous abortion.  Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out in 100 pregnant women who referred due to a spontaneous abortion that attended at Bunt AL- Huda hospital for maternity and children in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Then, the blood samples were tested to assay of anti-human B19 specific IgM, and IgG using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DRG-Elisa kit, Germany). Furthermore, a questionnaire filled for all participants during samples collection. Results: Among study group the mean age was 27.35 years, with an age range 17-40 years. Seropositivity rate was 34% (34 cases) for an individual occurrence of human parvovirus B19 IgM alone and 38% (38 cases) for a similar individual rate of human parvovirus B19 IgG, Meanwhile,12 cases (12%) had both types of antibodies. There was no significant difference between the presence of antibody and age of pregnant women, gestational age, number of previous abortion, presence of children below the age of six. Conclusion: The results of this study showed (84%) of studied participants had a high susceptibility to parvovirus B19 in a way similar to that found in most countries. And also there might be a number of spontaneous abortions in which parvovirus infection caused fetal death. However, more studies are needed to prove the absolute role of parvovirus B19 in these abortions.Keywords: Pregnant women, Spontaneous abortion, Human parvovirus B19, ELISA.
Investigation And Testing Rabies Virologically In Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) and Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province, Indonesia Hamong Suharsono
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 08 (2019) Aug. 2019
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Abstract

Background: Rabies is still endemic in the working area of the Denpasar Veterinary Center. For this reason, it is still necessary to conduct ongoing rabies surveillance activities aimed at: detecting the presence of rabies virus in dogs at risk of contracting rabies which related to efforts of liberation rabies in Bali Province, detecting the possibility of rabies virus presence in dogs in NTB Province so that this area remains rabies-free, detected rabies virus in dogs in the Flores Island and surrounding areas related to rabies control activities in NTT Province. Method: Rabies surveillance in dogs is mainly carried out by taking samples of dog brains that are at risk of transmitting rabies. The sample examined by the Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) method. Results: In 2016, the number of animal brain samples examined by the Denpasar Veterinary Center was 2,066. In Bali Province, the number of animal brain samples examined was 1,480 samples, 206 / 1,480 (13.92%) samples were positive for rabies. Positive cases of rabies came from dogs 205/206 (99.51%) samples and cats 1/206 (0.49%) samples. The average number of rabies positive cases per month is 17 cases. This number decreased sharply compared to 2015 there were 44 cases, per month. The most common rabies cases were found in Buleleng Regency as many as 41 cases, caused by dogs that have not vaccinated. The number of dog brain samples from districts/cities in NTB Province was 417 samples; there was no rabies positive. While animal brain samples from districts/cities on Flores Island and Lembata, NTT Province were examined as many as 169 samples, 45/169 (26.63%) samples were positive for rabies. Positive cases of rabies came from 44/45 dogs (97.78%) samples and 1/45 goats (2.22%) samples. Conclusion: The results of this surveillance show that rabies is still endemic in the Province of Bali and islands around the island of Flores, NTT. Mass vaccination programs, a collaboration between government agencies, communication, information and education about rabies to the community still need to be improved. Until now the NTB Province is still free of rabies. Control of rabies infectious animal traffic to the NTB Province and rabies-free areas in NTT is still needed.Keywords: Brucellosis, BPT, CFT, Bali, NTB. NTT.
Prevalence of Medication Errors in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Manoj Kumar Sethi
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 01 (2019) Jan. 2019
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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of current research is to identify the incidence of all possible prescription errors and to categorise them in a tertiary teaching care hospital of south India. Methodology: This is a prospective observational study conducted for nine months of various departments of (SVS) Medical College and Hospital, Mahabub nagar, Telangana. Suitable data collection forms were designed to meet up the criteria. Patients those agreed to give informed consent were included and those not willing to give consent and of (ICU) were excluded from this study. Patients were monitored on a regular basis from the time of admission to the date of discharge for any type of prescription error and recorded accordingly. Results: Throughout the study duration total 2000 prescriptions were analysed and observed that 400 prescriptions contains some kind of medication errors. More incidences of errors observed in surgery department (34 percent) and least was found in gynaecology department (3.75%). Major types of errors were omission error. Parenteral formulations constitute maximum no. of errors than oral and other external routes.  Conclusion: Most of the errors were omission of dose followed by illegibility, omission of prescriber signature, error in units, omission of route of administration (ROA), over writing, omission of frequency, under prescribing, omission of medication, omission of superscription, irrational prescribing, over prescribing, abbreviations, error in writing ROA, error in dose. Thus the present study threw some light on the need of proper education and training of all health care professional to minimize medication errors by which proper therapeutic goal can be achieved.Keywords: Prescription errors, Omission error, Commission errors, Medication errors.
Coating of Plastic Materials with Metals Under Low Pressure Ban Khalid Mohammed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 04.
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Abstract

There the outcomes concerning the investigations regarding floor energy then chasm durability on abrasive then other enormously strong substances the usage of the approach regarding micro stress so much affords high dosage about localization on the software over an external force action, are presented. The fundamental regularities over elastic-plastic deformation or brittle defeat of the procedure on micro indentation have been determined because of every the investigated materials. Based of the studies we additionally identified the power or energy conditions about elastic-plastic deformation and slight dud of the manner on micro indentation of fairly solid or brittle materials. It was once found, to that amount within the 1st flooring on the corrosion manner the precise work of break and the power depth element are immediately proportional after the bulk on the stress concentrator, i.e. the imprint diagonal. Therefore the power depth component so is widely used of mechanics or micromechanics concerning materials can keep legitimate solely when that is described among terms over sustainable increase concerning cracks of the 2nd board regarding unsound cleft of the investigated material. According in imitation of take a look at consequences we present the important traits regarding power then crack toughness on a quantity concerning abrasive substances ancient in enterprise or lookup organizations.Keywords: Method of micro pressure; Brittle fracture; Micro volumes; Origin; Critical stress; The relative elastic deformation.
The Patient Care and Complications of Hemodialysis Procedure for Renal Failure Patients: A Descriptive Study at al Nasiriya city, South of Iraq Firas Fadhil Alyassin
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Objective: the aim of this study is to describe the side effects and complications of renal failure and hemodialysis procedure. It also evaluates the general clinical care and nursing interventions for hemodialysis patients treated at the artificial kidney unit in Al Hussein-teaching hospital. Subjects and methods: this study is performed in Al-Hussein teaching hospital in Al-Nasiriya city, south of Iraq from October 1st, 2015 to May, 2016. Eighty patients [(54) males and (26) females], age (10 – 85 years) and were enrolled in this study. All of the patients were diagnosed with renal failure by specialist doctors and currently on hemodialysis renal replacement therapy. The data collected from patients through a questionnaire list designed and developed for this study. The list concerned with the adverse effects, complications, mortality and morbidity related data in addition to the patients' general information. The collected results were analyzed in order to construct tables, figures and other necessary research requirements. Results and conclusions: in this study, most of the hemodialysis cases are caused by hypertension (37.5%). The most common complications in hemodialysis patients were edema (78.75%), anemia (63.75%), and arterial hypertension (60%). The most common side effects associated with hemodialysis procedure were nausea and vomiting (47.5%) , dyspnea (21.25%)  and headache (25%).  The major treatments and diets of patients in this study were erythropoietin injection (66.25%), protein restriction (86.25%) and restriction fluid (77.5%). The clinical care and nursing interventions for hemodialysis patient enrolled in this study were relatively good according to the results (82%).Keywords:Hemo dialysis, Renal failure, Nasiriya city, Iraq
Oxidative Stress Statue in Follicular Fluid of Infertile Women Treated with IVF/ICSI-ET Rusul Hashem
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Introduction Oxidative stress (OS) in follicular fluid (FF) may affect in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET. Aim of study to assess the effects of total peroxide (TPX) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde concentration (MDA), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity, and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) on IVF and pregnancy outcomes in PCOS, male cause infertility, and unexplained infertile (UI) patients undergoing IVF cycles. Subjects, material, and methods A prospective case control study was performed among (40) control group (male cause), (40) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) group, and (45) unexplained infertility (UI) group, all of which undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET. FF samples were collected at the day of oocytes aspiration. TPX, TAC, MDA levels, GST, and SOD activities were measured in FF. oxidative stress index were calculated.  Results When control, PCOS and UI groups were compared in term of IVF outcomes, there were no significant differences in M II oocyte, G1 embryo, maturity rate, cleavage rate, fertilization rate, and chemical pregnancy state among the three studied groups (P˃0.05). In addition, comparison of OS parameters among the studied groups showed no significant differences in TAC, MDA, GST activity, GST specific activity, and SOD activity (P˃0.05); however, significant differences in TPX, OSI percentage, and SOD specific activity (P˂0.05) were found. Association analysis between OS parameters and IVF outcomes showed a significant positive correlation between GST activity (and GST specific activity) with G1 embryo, GST activity with pregnancy, as well as, SOD activity and maturity rate in control group (P˂0.05). In addition, GST activity and GST specific activity showed significant positive correlation with both cleavage rate and fertilization rate, GST activity with pregnancy, as well as, TPX with cleavage rate and fertilization rate in PCOS group (P˂0.05). OS parameters in UI group did not show any significant correlation with IVF outcomes (P˃0.05).  When control, PCOS and UI groups were subdivided according to pregnancy outcome, mean TPX and TAC concentrations were higher in pregnant group compared to non-pregnant group; while mean MDA and OSI were lower in pregnant group compared to non-pregnant group in the three studied groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities in pregnant group were higher compared to non-pregnant group in the three studied groups. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the oocyte surroundings must be obtained to improve IVF and pregnancy outcomes in patients treated by IVF/ICSI-ET.Keywords: Oxidative stress, Follicular fluid, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Antioxidant, Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection.
Development of Covid-19 Disaster Risk Instruments for Children Hery Sumasto
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 11 (2020) Nov. 2020
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Abstract

Background. Children need to get protection during the Covid-19 pandemic, in accordance with Presidential Regulation 12/2020 on The Determination of Non-Natural Disasters. The purpose of the research is to develop non-natural disaster risk instruments for children. Research methods. This type of research is Research and Development. Instrument development is carried out in 5 (five) stages, namely: 1) evaluation of instruments; 2) development; 3) experiment; 4) socialization; 5) recommendations. FGD population of 40 respondents is target-1 as many as 20 people, target-2 as much as 20. Experts in this research are methodology experts and child disaster experts. Research Result: Phase I disaster risk, namely threat, vulnerability and capacity, obtained 7 standard components of disaster instruments for children: 1) economic status; 2) knowledge; 3) attitude; 4) infrastructure; 5) institutional organization; 6) threat level; 7) disaster risk reduction behavior. Validity and reliability tests show that of the 32 valid items, 25 items are all reliable because the Cronbach alpha value is above 0.7. Not valid for 7 items. Phase 2: instrument testing was conducted on 267 respondents. Test with google form. The test results of instruments for children potentially exposed to Covid-19 amounted to 69% who were not exposed to 31%. Of those 69%, strong exposure is 2%, high exposure is 15% and medium exposure is 83%. Conclusion: There are 32 question points on non-natural disaster risk instruments, developed from 7 disaster risk variables for children. The instrument has good functionality in terms of efficiency, functionality and usability. Output: 1) disaster risk instruments for children; 2) intellectual property rights; 3) international journal publications 4) monograph books. Keywords: Instruments, Non-Natural Disaster Risk, Children

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