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Journal of Global Pharma Technology
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 09758542     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
ournal of Global Pharma Technology is a monthly, open access, Peer review journal of Pharmacy published by JGPT Journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports and systematic reviews. The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to articles published in JGPT. JGPT publishes original research work that contributes significantly to the scientific knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences- Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Cosmeticology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacognosy, Natural Product Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Applied Computer Technology. For this purpose we would like to ask you to contribute your excellent papers in pharmaceutical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 1,092 Documents
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Preparation and Extensive Characterization of Fullerenol C60 Abdulkareem M. A. Al-Sammarraie
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 05.
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Abstract

Recently, functionalization processes onto the outer surface of fullerenes such as C60 and C70 with various groups attracted large interesting from scientists, which including convert sp2 hybridization carbon atoms to sp3 hybridization that aim for enhancing its solubility in an organic polar solvent. This work converts the fullerene C60 successfully to hydroxyl functionalized fullerene which called fullerenol C60.The hydroxyl functionalized fullerene C60 nano-product was characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, AFM, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA, and XRD examinations, they proved the fullerenol C60 structure and demonstrated the remarkable change in fullerene C60 topography from un-uniform particles to shape like spherical with high aggregation.Keywords: Fullerene C60, fullerenol, functionalization.
Isolation and Antimicrobial Characterization of Aerobic Pathogenic Bacteria from Egg Shell and Egg Contents in Table Eggs in Erbil Ahmed I. Ahmed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 08 (2019) Aug. 2019
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Abstract

Contaminated eggs are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death in human. One of the essential quality characteristics of eggs is hygienic quality, lack of good hygienic practices, which may lead to loss the quality and deterioration of eggs. This study was focused on fresh chicken eggs to determine the prevalence and level of contamination in process as well as risk of antibacterial resistance of isolated bacteria. The level of contamination of table eggs with pathogenic bacteria and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were examined. Total numbers of 72 fresh chicken eggs were collected from eight flocks including conveyer belt and storage eggs from two large scale poultry layer farms in Erbil. The total bacteria on its eggshell was counted, bacterial loads were ranged between 5.174-5.854 log cfu/ eggshell. Bacteria isolated colonies subculture on Macconkey agar and gram negative baccilli were inoculated on VITEK® 2 ID-GNB (identification-Gram-negative bacilli) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)-GN69 cards. The bacterial pathogenic contamination ratio was 22.2% Staphylococcus and 22.2% enterobacteriaceae mostly (E-coli 11%). Whereas no bacteria were found in polls egg contents. The highest resistance rate was detected against Cefazolin, Amoicillin, Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxzol, Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin. The high sensitivity rate was recorded against Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem, Ertapenem, Gentamycin, Tobramycin, Cefipime, Cefitraxone. The results of this study conclude that the bacterial load on egg shells and contents were at the accepted level while the isolation of pathogenic bacteria due to lack of hygiene practice should be considered, also we suggest that the farmer must fumigate the fresh eggs with a good hygienic practice before marketing.
Impact of Internet Banking Services on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of Bank Refah’s Customers, Northern Branches of Tehran Majid Taghavipour
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of internet banking services on customer satisfaction, a case study of the northern branches of Tehran using the research model presented by Heba Khalil Asfour and Shafiq Haddad (2014), a model for admitting factors affecting mobile banking acceptance and its impact on increasing customer satisfaction. Based on this model, mobile bank components such as reliability, efficiency, accessibility, privacy, flexibility, ease of use and trust lead to customer satisfaction with mobile banking services. Therefore, given the same platform for mobile banking and internet bank as well as the same variables affecting both cases, and finally the optimal model used in this paper, this model was selected to measure the impact of the above mentioned variables on the satisfaction of internet bank customers. In this research, a sample of 384 clients of the Northern Branches of Tehran, Refah bank who used Internet Banking services was investigated using a descriptive-survey research method. Most samples were selected from the statistical population using a two-stage cluster method and according to the information obtained from the researcher-made questionnaire. Research findings indicated that all of the Internet banking components mentioned above has a significant impact on satisfaction of service users, but according to the results of the regression test, privacy has been identified as the most important factor.Keywords: E-banking, Customer satisfaction, Internet banking, E-commerce, Customer satisfaction.
Health Promotion and Community Cadres’ Knowledge about the Medicine (DAGUSIBU) in the Community District of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Dyah Aryani Perwitasari
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 12.
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Abstract

DAGUSIBU is an acronym of to get, to use, to keep and to throw the medicine away appropriately in Indonesia. The Indonesia Pharmacist Association already launched this acronym to support the appropriate use of medicine. However, some efforts are needed to be conducted to understand about the dissemination of DAGUSIBU in community. This study is aimed to define the effectiveness of the health promotion in the increase of knowledge of the community cadres in one of community district in Yogyakarta, IndonesiaThis study used quasi experimental, one group pre-posttest design. The respondents were all community cadres in Muja Muju, Yogyakarta Indonesia. The health promotion with DAGUSIBU topic by the pharmacist was conducted as the health promotion media. The questionnaire was given to the respondents before and after the health promotion.We recruited 39 community cadres from Muja Muju Yogyakarta. Most of the respondents are female (94.9%), with the average of age is 54.5 years old. The community cadres’ knowledge increased significantly from 38.4 to 80.1 (p<0.001). Respondents’ characteristics, such as age, sex and education did not predict the increase of community cadres’ knowledge about DAGUSIBUThe health promotion of DAGUSIBU   conducted by pharmacist can improve the community cadres’ knowledge. This model can be used to disseminate DAGUSIBU effectively in community level.
Analysis of Fatty Acids of Liver in the Embryo and Adult of Domesticated Chicken Gallus Gallus Domesticus Nahla A. Al-Bakri
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 05.
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Abstract

The fatty acids in the embryo's liver at ages (7, 11, 14 and 19) days incubation, small chicken aged (14) days after hatching and adult were analyzed, and found (5) fatty acids, the highest concentration of fatty acid in the adult of domesticated chicken and lowest concentration in small chicken age (14) days after hatching. Statistically, there were high significant differences at the probability level (P≤0.001) between all ages together, and the highest concentrations of Oleic acid (C18:1) and Linoleic acid (C18:2) were in embryo age (7) days incubation, while in embryo age (11) days incubation Stearic acid (C18:0) and α-Linolenic acid (C18:3) were higher concentration and Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the highest concentration in the adult. Stearic, Palmitic, Linoleic and α-Linolenic acids were recorded as the lowest concentration as well as in a small chicken age (14) days after hatching. Oleic acid had the lowest concentration in the embryo (19) days incubation, as well as α-Linolenic acid in the embryos age (7, 19) days incubation and the adult chicken did not record any concentration.Key words: Fatty acid, Chicken, Embryo, Liver.
Potential Effectiveness of Essential Oil as Natural Food Preservatives Compared with Chemical Noor M. Witwit
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

In this study, investigations were carried out to assess the efficiency of two plant essential oils; rosemary and thyme as natural food preservatives. The effect of the plant essential oils at concentrations of 1% and 2% was studied in the soft cheese against staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at fridge temperature over a 5 day period. The essential oils performed well in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus  and E. coli  it is concluded that selected plant essential oils can act as potent inhibitors of  both microorganisms in a food product, Thyme was found to be very active against  E.coli in 2% and 1% (2.00, 2.66) respectively and S. aureus in 2% and 1% ( 7.66, 14.66) respectively followed by Rosemary in E.coli at 1% and 2% (4.33, 7.00) respectively also in S. aureus it effect in 2% more than 1% (5.00, 47.66) respectively.  At the same time we compared their effect with weak acid as chemical preservatives in citric acid was found to be more effective than thyme and rosemary in 1% and 2% in E.coli and S. aureus  (2.33, 1.00), (2.33, 1.33) respectively both essential oil and weak organic acid decreased growth of bacteria  significantly when compared with control.  Therefore, essential oils could be regarded as a source of food preservatives instead of chemical compounds.
Isolation and Diagnosis of Fungi Which Producing Aflatoxin B1in Chips in Local and Imported Markets Najaf Province R. A. Sahib
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

This study included isolating and diagnosing contaminated fungi from some local and imported chipsin Najaf Province,and to detect their ability to produce aflatoxin B1. The results showed that highest percentageof visible fungi namely are Aspergillusflavus, A. niger, A. glaucus, Alterneria sp., Fusarium sp. and A. terreusith ratio are (100, 95, 92,80, 75, 5.7) % respectively in Wejoh chips and these fungi appeared in all types of chips under study. The results of the frequency of the same fungi in the wejoh chips are (80,70, 68, 52, 50,2) % respectively.A.flavus is more visible and frequently in thesame types of chips,and preferable sabouraud dextrose (agar,broth) medium to growth. Primary result proved that  A. flavus producing aflatoxin B1in Thinlayerchromatography (TLC) which appear blue spot of aflatoxin B1 with rate of flow (RF) is 56 % under UV light expose with wavelength of (365 nm).High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results show that retention time or major peak of standard aflatoxin B1 located at 10.54 minutes, while a filter extract of A. flavusis10.75 which  identifies with aflatoxin B1 standardwhich located  in the same area.Keywords: Chips, A. flavus, Aflatoxin B1, SEM, TLC, HPLC.
Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Biochemical Factor and Histological Changes in Liver and the Kidney in Albino Rat Infected Hypo- Hyperthyroidism Induced Laboratory by Carbimazole and L-Thyroxine Ahmed Jassem Al-Naely
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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The aim of the current study was showing the effect of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on some physiological parameters (creatinine and urea) and the concentration of amine transfer enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) also the histological structure of liver and kidney in albino rat, and role of grape seed extract (GSE) in protecting the liver and kidney tissue against thyroid disorders and improve the level, creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, and ALP. Study experiment samples consist of 80 rats divided into two main groups hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, each group includes five treatments. Carbimazole was used in 30 mg/kg dose to induce hypothyroidism and L-thyroxin in 20 mg/kg dose to induce hyperthyroidism. Results showed that a significant increased (P<0.05)concentrations of creatinin, urea, AST,ALT in  hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism groups compare with control, ALP significant increased (P<0.05)in hyperthyroidism while showed significant decreased (P<0.05)in hypothyroidism compare with control, treatment with GSE in both groups showed significant differences in concentration of urea, creatinin, AST, ALT, ALP and improved liver and kidney tissue compare with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism treatments. It was concluded from this study that extract of grape seeds has a protective role for the liver and kidney against damage caused by thyroid disorders and its treatments.Keywords: Grape seed extract, Thyroid, Liver, Kidney, Carbimazole, L-Thyroxin, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism.
Ethanol Extract Cream of Jackfruit Tree Bark (Arthocarpus Heterophilus) is Equally Effective with Hydroquinone Cream on Preventing the Increase of Melanin on Guinea Pigs Skin (Cavia porcelus) Exposed to Ultraviolet B Ray Indiradewi Hastiningsih
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 04.
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Abstract

Introduction: Ethanol extract of jackfruit tree bark (Artocarpus heterophillus) contains antioxidants, phenolic substances, tannin, steroid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and vitamin C which can inhibit the elevation of melanin levels on epidermal tissue. Hydroquinone (HQ) was used as comparison because HQ is the gold standard of hyperpigmentation therapy. Method: This research is a laboratory experimental research using randomized post-test only control group design with 30 male guinea pigs (Cavia Porcelus) divided into 3 groups with 10 individuals on each group, with control group given base cream, group 1 was administered 4% hydroquinone cream, and group 2 was administered 4% jackfruit tree bark extract cream. All intervention groups were exposed with UV-B ray with total dose of 390 mJ/cm² three times in a week for 2 weeks, and underwent biopsy of their skin sample to examine the amount of melanin on the epidermal layer. Result: The result of our research showed the mean amount of melanin on control group was 54.33±4. 51%, group 1 was 3.01± 0.89% and group 2 was 4.23± 1.82%. There is a significant difference between control group and both group 1 and 2 in inhibiting the increase of melanin amount on epidermal tissue (p<0.05). There is no significant difference between group 1 and 2 on inhibiting the increase of melanin amount on epidermal tissue (p>0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that 4% jackfruit tree bark extract cream can prevent the increase of melanin amount on guinea pigs’ skin epidermal layer. The 4% jackfruit tree bark extract cream is equally effective to 4% hydroquinone cream on preventing the elevation of melanin amount on epidermal layer of guinea pig’s skin exposed with UV-B ray.Keywords: Jackfruit tree bark extract cream, Melanin amount, UV-B ray.
Reinforcing Effect of Nano Kaolin Clay on Some Optical Properties of Poly (methyl methacrylate) for Medical Application Fouad. Sh. Hashim
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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In this study, the effects of nano kaolin clay content on the optical properties of PMMA films are investigated. PVA solution used as a coated layer covered the nano-kaolin applied as filler. The reinforced nano-kaolin content of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%. Improve the absorbance of UV radiation for (PMMA/kaolin) nanocomposite films at 7 wt% allows use for protection purposes, such as solar radiation shield , in the manufacture of sunglasses to protect the human eye from UV radiation damaged to the tissues of the body and as packaging for storage drugs. The values of allowed and forbidden indirect transition optical energy gap decrease with increasing the rate of reinforced nano-kaolin up to (4.27, 3, 2.8, 2.49, 2.23 eV) and (3.99, 2.4, 2.1, 1.8, 1.3 eV) respectively. Refractive indexes, extinction coefficient of polymer reinforcement nano-kaolin were done.Key words: PMMA, Nano-kaolin clay, Optical properties, Composite materials.

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