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Public Health Risk Assesment Journal
Published by Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30251109     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Journal of Public Health Risk Assesment aims to publish original research results, reviews, and policy papers written by researchers, experts as well as practitioners, in the field of public health. Journal of Public Health Risk Assesment encompasses a broad range of research topics in the field of public health covering process the of public health risk assessment, toxic effects of public and environmental pollution on human health and the environment, public health policies, and public health management. Only the articles consist of novelty and excellent scientific contribution in public health fields can published in Journal of Public Health Risk Assesment. Journal of Public Health Risk Assesment aims to publish original research results, reviews, and policy papers written by researchers, experts as well as practitioners, in the field of public health. Journal of Public Health Risk Assesment encompasses a broad range of research topics in the field of public health covering process the of public health risk assessment, toxic effects of public and environmental pollution on human health and the environment, public health policies, and public health management. Only the articles consist of novelty and excellent scientific contribution in public health fields can published in Journal of Public Health Risk Assesment.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 42 Documents
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Vegetation diversity and air pollution mitigation in urban green areas Raisa Widya Putri; Dwi Nowo Martono; Sri Setiawati Tumuyu
Public Health Risk Assesment Journal Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/phraj.v4i1.2026.3775

Abstract

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) pollution is a major environmental and public health concern in Jakarta. Urban green open spaces may contribute to air pollution mitigation through vegetation characteristics. This study aimed to examine the association between vegetation diversity and annual mean ambient PM₂.₅ concentrations in two urban green spaces in Jakarta. Methods: A quantitative and spatial analysis was conducted using vegetation plot data, Sentinel-2A imagery, and secondary air-quality data. Vegetation structure and diversity were analyzed using the Importance Value Index and Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Spatial vegetation distribution was analyzed using QGIS 3.34.4 and Sentinel-2A. Findings: Tebet Eco Park had a higher tree-species diversity index (H’ = 2.32) than integrated child-friendly public space/ruang publik terpadu ramah anak (RPTRA) Kelapa Nias III (H’ = 1.52). The corresponding annual mean ambient PM₂.₅ concentrations were 28 µg/m³ for the area associated with Tebet Eco Park and 31.9 µg/m³ for the area associated with RPTRA Kelapa Nias III. The lower PM₂.₅ value observed in the Tebet Eco Park area coincided with greater tree diversity and denser vegetation cover. However, because the PM₂.₅ data were obtained from secondary regional monitoring and the study did not directly measure traffic intensity, meteorological conditions, local emission sources, or pedestrian-level exposure, the findings should be interpreted as an observed association rather than evidence of a direct causal effect of vegetation. Conclusion: Tree-species diversity and vegetation structure may support the air-quality and public health functions of urban green spaces. Urban green-space management should prioritize species diversification, multilayered vegetation, shrubs and hedges near pedestrian areas, and the integration of vegetation planning with site-level air-quality, traffic, and meteorological monitoring. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a public health-oriented comparison of two urban green spaces by integrating field-based vegetation diversity and structure, satellite-derived vegetation density, and annual PM₂.₅ data, thereby offering context-specific evidence for vegetation-quality-based urban greening in Jakarta.
Environmental impact of traditional medicines in pharmaceutical manufacturing: Using a life cycle assessment Widya Motivasi Manurung; Haruki Agustina; Ahyahudin Sodri
Public Health Risk Assesment Journal Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/phraj.v4i1.2026.3812

Abstract

Background: The production of pharmaceutical products requires significant amounts of energy, raw materials, and chemical inputs, which may result in greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental burdens throughout the product life cycle. The manufacture of traditional medicines, which utilize natural resources such as herbal materials, likewise involves energy-intensive processes that may contribute to environmental degradation. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts associated with the production of traditional herbal cough medicines and compare them with non-herbal cough medicines and to identify critical points that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Methode: This study adopts a quantitative approach employing the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in accordance with the ISO 14040 standard. The system boundary is defined as cradle-to-gate. The functional unit is defined as one metric ton of packaged traditional medicine products. Environmental impact assessment is conducted using the IPCC 2021 GWP100 V1.00 method through SimaPro 10.2.0.3 software, supported by the Ecoinvent 3.0 database. The analysis focuses on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicator. Findings: The results indicate that the production of traditional herbal cough medicines generates total emissions of approximately 47,5 tCO₂-eq per one metric ton, whereas the manufacture of non-herbal cough medicines produces a higher total of approximately 105,98 tCO₂-eq. Across both production systems, several utility processes were identified as contributing significantly to environmental impacts. In particular, HVAC system was identified as a critical hotspot, accounting for approximately 21.86% of total emissions due to its substantial electricity consumption, equivalent to 3,5 tCO₂-eq per one metric ton product. Conclusion: The life cycle assessment conducted for the production of non-herbal indicates generate higher CO₂ emissions compared to herbal products. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study compares the environmental impacts associated with the production processes of traditional herbal cough medicines and non-herbal cough medicines using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology.

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