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Climate change adaptation strategies among rice farmers in coastal agro-ecological systems Eka Tuwu; Aminuddin Mane Kandari; La Ode Muhammad Erif; La Gandri; Arfiani
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v3i2.2026.2319

Background: This study aims to identify the indicators and impacts of climate change experienced by rice farmers in Lawele Village, a coastal area of Buton Island, and to examine the structural and non-structural adaptation strategies they implement. The research also assesses farmers’ participation in government-led climate adaptation programs. Methods: A descriptive quantitative method was used, involving structured interviews with 30 purposively selected rice farmers. Data were gathered through questionnaires, field observations, and documentation, and analyzed using percentage-based tabulation to describe patterns of climate-related impacts and adaptive responses. Finding: All respondents (100%) reported direct impacts of climate change, including pest outbreaks, declining yields, and crop failure, as well as indirect impacts such as increased production costs and reduced income. Structural adaptation measures primarily involved the construction and maintenance of irrigation channels initiated by the government, with farmers contributing to their upkeep. Non-structural adaptations were practiced universally (100%), including fertilizer application and adjustments to cropping patterns to reduce pest pressure and maintain productivity. However, the adoption of pest-resistant improved varieties remained limited, with only 17 farmers (57%) using them, while 13 farmers (43%) had not, largely due to high seed prices, limited technical assistance, and the absence of continuous support programs. Participation in climate adaptation training was also low, with only 15 farmers (50%) having attended government-led extension activities. Conclusion: Climate change exerts significant direct and indirect pressures on rice farming in Lawele Village. Although farmers have adopted various adaptation strategies, their implementation is hindered by economic constraints, insufficient technical guidance, and limited engagement in training programs. Strengthening institutional support and providing sustained capacity-building initiatives are essential to enhancing the resilience of rice farming systems in this coastal, climate-vulnerable region. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article bridges the experiences of local farmers, adaptation strategies, and institutional participation gaps in the context of coastal rice farming, which has not been widely researched, by providing empirical evidence and insights relevant to policy.

Bitter leaf extract modulates antioxidant enzymes, immunoglobulins, organ weights, meat oxidation, and hepatic stress markers in broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin B1 Olugbenga David Oloruntola
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v3i2.2026.2419

Background: This study examined the effects of bitter leaf extract on the oxidative enzymes, stress markers, immunoglobulins, organ weights, meat oxidation, and liver health in broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin-B1. Methods: 240 day-old mixed-sex Cobb-500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: CONT (Control); BE0AF (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin-B1); BE1AF (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 + 1 g bitter leaf powder/ L H2O) or BE2AF (0.5mg/kg aflatoxin-B1 + 2 g bitter leaf powder/ L H2O), each with 60 chickens (6 replicates of 10 chickens). Findings: BE0AF significantly (P<0.05) lowered the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to untreated chickens. BE2AF resulted in similar MDA levels compared to chickens in the BE1AF and CONT groups. BE0AF group showed higher (P<0.05) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lower catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels than other groups. Immunoglobulin G levels were notably (P<0.05) lower in the BE0AF group, while immunoglobulins M and A were significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to the BE3AF and BE2AF groups. Liver and spleen weights were higher in the aflatoxin group, and meat catalase was lower (P<0.05) in BE0AF. Lipid and protein oxidation were higher (P<0.05) in BE0AF compared to CONT. Furthermore, liver HSP70, NF-κB, and LDH levels were higher (P<0.05) in BE0AF. Conclusion: Oral administration of bitter leaf extract of 1-2g/ L H2O bitter leaf powder mitigated oxidative stress and protected against aflatoxin-induced damage by improving various physiological markers in broiler chickens. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study was to assess the impact of bitter leaf aqueous extract on organ weights, immunoglobulin levels, serum biomarkers, meat oxidation, hepatic oxidative enzymes, and nuclear factor kappa B in broiler chickens exposed to AFB1.

Sustainable beef cattle production: A comparative review between Australia and Indonesia Amir Latif; Raldi Hendro Koestoer; Evi Frimawaty
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v3i2.2026.1940

Background: Beef cattle farming is an important production activity to meet the protein needs of the community. Livestock produces carbon emissions that contribute to increasing global warming. The purpose of this article is to discuss the conditions of Indonesian beef cattle farming compared to the beef cattle farming system in Australia. Method: The method used in writing this paper is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with bibliometric content analysis. We analyze related to "keyword maps", "map of countries", and Scopus document publishing trends in sustainable beef cattle production studies for the period 2020 to 2025. The next stage, a comparison was made between two countries, namely Indonesia and Australia in the beef cattle production sector. Finding: The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that the top three countries with the highest link strength and leading in the study of sustainable beef cattle production were the United States, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. In terms of quantitative document publication, Indonesia is ranked fourth and Australia is ranked fifth. The results of the discussion showed that Indonesian beef production comes from small-scale beef cattle farms with slightly different cattle ownership from Australia, which is mostly industrial scale. Conclusion: One of the developments of sustainable beef cattle farming applied in Indonesia is the concept of integrating agricultural crops - cattle where plant waste is used as animal feed and livestock waste is processed into fertilizer for agricultural land. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a contemporary bibliometric mapping (2020–2025) that identifies Indonesia as a top-tier contributor (ranked 4th globally) in sustainable beef production literature.

Agricultural land development strategies based on regional potential for sorghum cultivation Vallentia Nisrina Qurratuain Annida
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v3i2.2026.2200

Background: Sorghum has been known in Indonesia for a long time, but its development is not as good as rice and corn. This is because there are still few areas that utilize sorghum plants as food. Land evaluation is a process of assessing the potential of a land used as the basis for sector development in an area that is useful for reorganizing existing land use to assist in making land use planning decisions. This study aims to identify the characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties in Sitimulyo Village and develop agricultural land development directions for sorghum. Method: The research used a stepwise diagram interpretation method, integrating soil laboratory analysis, field observations based on Land Map Units, and interviews using the key-person informant approach. Spatial analysis with ArcMap was also applied to evaluate land characteristics, including land use, slope classes, and cultivation suitability. Finding: The findings indicate that land suitability in Sitimulyo Village generally falls within moderately suitable (S2) to suitable (S1) categories, with limiting factors including rainfall, slope, and cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, this analysis confirms that existing seasonal agricultural areas—particularly rice fields, swampland, and mixed gardens—are in line with the 2021-2026 Piyungan Subdistrict Strategic Plan, which indicates high potential for sorghum development. Conclusion: Policy implications include the need for targeted management of limiting factors and the development of extension programs to promote sorghum as an alternative crop, thereby supporting food diversification and improving the socio-economic resilience of local farmers. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this study lies in integrating soil laboratory analysis with spatial evaluation to provide site-specific recommendations for sorghum cultivation.

Struggling farmers, weak cattle, rising imports: NutriFarm as a solution to reduce import and support the realization of free nutritious meals program Mutiara Rachmina Indriani; Raden Rafi
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2: January (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v3i2.2026.2439

Background: Indonesia continues to face inefficiencies in ration formulation among smallholder livestock farmers, resulting in low productivity and sustained dependence on imported meat and milk. This study aims to design NutriFarm, a digital livestock-assistance application intended to improve feed efficiency and strengthen national food security. Previous studies emphasize that precise nutrition management, optimized use of local feed resources, and the adoption of digital systems such as smart farming and precision livestock farming can significantly enhance livestock performance and reduce production costs. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach through observation, systematic literature review, and descriptive analysis to identify challenges in feed management, technological adoption, and digital innovation opportunities. A Design-Based Research framework was used to develop key application features, formulate the implementation model, and construct a pentahelix-based collaborative ecosystem for farmer assistance. Findings: The results indicate that NutriFarm has the potential to improve the accuracy of ration formulation, maximize the use of local feed resources, and strengthen farmers’ capacity in nutritional monitoring and management practices. Integrated features—including automated ration calculation, nutrient evaluation, plant identification, and daily feed logging—enhance data-driven decision making. These findings align with theories of livestock nutrition and precision livestock farming, which highlight the importance of balanced nutrient supply, continuous monitoring, and resource optimization. Conclusion: NutriFarm can serve as a strategic tool to improve the productivity of smallholder livestock systems and reduce reliance on imported animal products, thereby supporting the national nutritious-meal program. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers an integrated design that combines precise nutrition management, local feed optimization, automated plant identification, community-based assistance, and a multi-stakeholder pentahelix ecosystem within a single digital innovation model, representing a comprehensive approach not yet developed in Indonesia’s smallholder livestock

The effectiveness of sustainable agriculture approaches in reducing farmers' dependence on pesticides and chemical fertilizers Hutomo Danu Saputro
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v4i1.2026.3795

Background: The excessive use of synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers in conventional agriculture has led to environmental degradation, soil health deterioration, and potential health risks for farmers and consumers. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable agriculture approaches in reducing farmers' dependence on these chemical inputs while maintaining agricultural productivity and economic viability. Methods: This research employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative field experiments and qualitative in-depth interviews. The study was conducted during the summer on various Flos Hidroponik farm plots in Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, which implement various sustainable practices including integrated pest management (IPM), organic fertilization, crop rotation, cover cropping, and biological pest control. Data collection involved soil health assessments, yield measurements, input usage tracking, and structured interviews with participating farmers to assess adoption rates, challenges, and perceived benefits. Findings: The implementation of sustainable agriculture approaches resulted in a significant reduction in pesticide use by 85% and chemical fertilizer application by 70% compared to conventional farming practices. Integrated pest management showed the highest effectiveness, reducing pesticide dependence by 85% while maintaining crop yields at 80% of conventional levels. Farmer adoption rates varied, with 90% of farmers continuing sustainable practices after the study period, citing improved soil health, reduced input costs, and enhanced crop resilience as primary motivating factors amid. Conclusion: Sustainable agriculture approaches demonstrate substantial potential for reducing farmers' dependence on pesticides and chemical fertilizers without compromising agricultural productivity. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the integrated evaluation of multiple sustainable agriculture practices and their combined effects on chemical input reduction, agricultural productivity, and farmer adoption in a real-world farming context.

Ecoenzymes as an alternative nutrient for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) in wick hydroponics: Supporting circular agriculture through organic waste recycling Jihan Bilqis; Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti; Wahyu Surakusumah; Afri Irawan
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v4i1.2026.3828

Background: This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of ecoenzymes as an alternative nutrient in the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using a wick system hydroponic medium. This effort aligns with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (climate action). Amid the growing challenges of food security and land conversion, the utilization of ecoenzymes derived from organic waste offers an environmentally friendly solution for sustainable agriculture. Methods: This quantitative study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments: negative control (water), ecoenzyme at 1% concentration (10 ml/L), 1.5% (15 ml/L), 2% (20 ml/L), 2.5% (25 ml/L), and positive control (AB mix 0.5%). Measured parameters included leaf area, plant height, number of leaves, leaf color, as well as fresh and dry weight. Findings: Laboratory analysis results showed that the macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrient content in the ecoenzyme was below that of commercial nutrient standards such as AB mix. Overall, the AB mix treatment yielded the highest growth results. Nevertheless, the use of ecoenzyme at a concentration of 10 ml (1%) showed the most optimal results among the other ecoenzyme treatments as a supplemental nutrient for increasing leaf surface area, plant height, number of leaves, as well as fresh and dry weights. Furthermore, the 15 ml (1.5%) concentration proved most effective for minimizing leaf yellowing. Conclusion: In conclusion, organic ecoenzymes have strong potential for use as biostimulants and supplemental nutrients that support the sustainability of hydroponic agriculture. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study established specific concentration thresholds for ecoenzymes derived from organic waste as effective hydroponic biostimulants, while also demonstrating their ability to support lettuce growth and promote waste-free circular agriculture and the achievement of SDG targets.

Application of ecoenzymes for the growth of pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) growth in a wick hydroponic system toward sustainable agriculture Fikrah Fadhilah Janitra; Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti; Kusdianti; Afri Irawan
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v4i1.2026.3839

Background: Pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) is an important leafy vegetable in Indonesia, and sustainable nutrient management remains essential for improving its production. The use of eco-enzymes as an environmentally friendly alternative to liquid organic fertilizers for pak choi nutrition shows promising potential, whether grown in soil or hydroponically, to support sustainable agriculture. This study aims to identify the optimal ecoenzyme formulation as an alternative nutrient source for pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) grown in a wick-type hydroponic system (without water flow). Methods: This study used six treatments, including E0 (hydroponics without nutrients/using water only as the negative control), E1 (1% ecoenzyme), E2 (1.5% ecoenzyme), E3 (2% ecoenzyme), E4 (2.5% ecoenzyme), and E5 (0.5% AB mix). Observations were conducted over eight weeks, with water and nutrient changes performed once a week. The vegetative parameters measured included the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, leaf color and shape, fresh weight, and dry weight. Findings: The results showed that a 2.5% concentration was the most optimal among the other ecoenzyme treatments for vegetative parameters, including the number of leaves, plant height and the percentage of yellowing leaves. The results indicate an upward trend with increasing concentration until the pH tolerance threshold was reached, revealing the potential of ecoenzymes as an alternative nutrient for pak choi in wick-system hydroponics. Conclusion: This study concluded that a 2.5 % ecoenzyme concentration was suggested for additional nutrition to support pak choi growth in hydroponic wick system, since the result shown still differ significantly from ab mix treatment. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study evaluated ecoenzyme as a standalone nutrient source rather than a fertilizer additive and identified its optimal concentration for supporting vegetative growth of pak choi in a wick hydroponic system.

The role of community capacity in shaping responses to mangrove ecosystem degradation Raihan Rafid Siregar
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v4i1.2026.3860

Background: Previous studies have examined mangrove degradation from both biophysical and socio-economic perspectives; however, only a limited number have investigated how community capacity influences the types of responses that emerge in response to ecosystem degradation. This issue has become increasingly relevant as mangrove planting is no longer entirely feasible in some ecological settings. This study aims to analyze the role of community capacity in shaping responses to mangrove ecosystem degradation and its implications for environmental sustainability in the coastal area of Demak Regency. Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach using a case-study design based on secondary data. Data were collected from scientific journal articles, government reports, policy documents, and publications from relevant institutions. Data analysis employed a social-ecological systems approach incorporating adaptive capacity theory, ecosystem services, sustainability transformation, and community-based natural resource management frameworks. Findings: The findings indicate that mangrove ecosystem degradation has triggered a range of community responses, from repeated symbolic planting activities to more adaptive restoration efforts. These variations are influenced by differences in community capacity, particularly in terms of local institutions, social learning, and the ability to coordinate with external actors. Conclusion: The study concludes that community capacity plays a crucial role in determining whether responses to mangrove degradation are adaptive and sustainable or remain limited to short-term activities. Strengthening community capacity is therefore essential for developing more context-specific and sustainable responses to mangrove degradation. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in positioning community capacity as a determining factor in shaping responses to mangrove ecosystem degradation, rather than merely as a supporting factor for rehabilitation success, especially in contexts where ecological limitations restrict mangrove planting efforts.

Global research trends on microgreens: A bibliometric analysis and experimental validation using rice washing water Nor Isnaeni Dwi Arista; Dumaris Priskila Purba; Suko Irawan
Holistic: Journal of Tropical Agriculture Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1: July (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/hjtas.v4i1.2026.3927

Background: Limited access to land resources for cultivating nutritious vegetables in urban environments has driven the need for low-cost household-scale food production systems, with microgreen cultivation, referring to young seedlings harvested at the cotyledon stage, recognized as a rich source of micronutrients. A bibliometric mapping of the global microgreen literature revealed that research has predominantly concentrated on light-emitting diode (LED) cultivation, phytochemical and nutritional enhancement, and food safety, whereas the optimization of cultivation inputs based on household organic by-products, particularly kitchen waste such as rice washing water, remains an underexplored research area. Methods: Scopus-indexed articles were mapped using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer to identify publication trends, country productivity, and keyword co-occurrence. A controlled experiment compared plain water (A1) and rice washing water (A2) irrigation on plant height and fresh weight of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) microgreens at 7 and 14 days after sowing (DAS), grown in cotton medium with three replications per treatment, analyzed using independent-samples t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Findings: The United States, India, and Italy led global output, with Italy showing the strongest collaboration network; Indonesia ranked tenth with comparatively low citation impact. No keyword themes related to rice washing water or household organic waste emerged in any visualization. Experimentally, rice washing water significantly increased plant height at 7 DAS (p = 0.021) but not at 14 DAS (p = 0.594), while plain water produced significantly higher fresh weight at both 7 DAS (p = 0.038) and 14 DAS (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Rice washing water stimulates early shoot elongation but does not enhance biomass accumulation under nutrient-free medium conditions, indicating its effectiveness depends on developmental stage and substrate characteristics. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study is among the first to combine bibliometric evidence with experimental validation of rice washing water as a zero-waste, household-scale nutrient input for microgreen production.

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Jajat Sudrajat

Contact Email admin@iasssf.com

Phone +6285225986287

Journal Mail Official holistic@journal-iasssf.com

Editorial Address Cluster Kukusan No 25 M, Jl. Rw. Pule I, Kukusan, Beji, Depok City, West Java 16425

Location Kota depok, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Jajat Sudrajat

Contact Email
admin@iasssf.com

Phone
+6285225986287

Journal Mail Official
holistic@journal-iasssf.com

Editorial Address
Cluster Kukusan No 25 M, Jl. Rw. Pule I, Kukusan, Beji, Depok City, West Java 16425

Location
Kota depok,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA