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Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Published by Universitas Sains Dan Teknologi Komputer
ISSN : 29876737     EISSN : 29877539     DOI : 10.51903
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Sub Rumpun ILMU POLITIK 1 Ilmu Politik 2 Kriminologi 3 Hubungan Internasional 4 Ilmu Administrasi (Niaga, Negara, Publik, Pembangunan, Dll) 5 Kriminologi 6 Ilmu Hukum 7 Ilmu Pemerintahan 8 Ilmu Sosial dan Politik 9 Studi Pembangunan (Perencanaan Pembangunan, Wilayah, Kota) 10 Ketahanan Nasional 11 Ilmu Kepolisian 12 Kebijakan Publik 13 Bidang Ilmu Politik Lain Yang Belum Tercantum Sub Rumpun ILMU SOSIAL 1 Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 2 Sosiologi 3 Humaniora 3 4 Kajian Wilayah (Eropa, Asia, Jepang, Timur Tengah Dll) 5 Arkeologi 6 Ilmu Sosiatri 7 Kependudukan (Demografi, dan Ilmu Kependudukan Lain) 8 Sejarah (Ilmu Sejarah) 9 Kajian Budaya 10 Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam 11 Ilmu Komunikasi 12 Antropologi 13 Bidang Sosial Lain Yang Belum Tercantum
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 216 Documents
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Analisis Prediktif Putusan Perdata Berbasis Machine learning di Indonesia Florentino Sikky; Valentino Mengge
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol 3 No 4 (2025): HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/zqn0g438

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning (ML), has opened new opportunities in the legal domain, especially in addressing the long-standing issue of inconsistency in civil court decisions in Indonesia. This study aims to develop and evaluate predictive models of civil case outcomes using various ML approaches, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, XGBoost, and IndoBERT. A dataset of 199,000 published civil court decisions was collected, pre-processed, and annotated into three categories: granted, rejected, and partially granted. The experimental results demonstrate that IndoBERT achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 83.5% and an F1-macro score of 81.7%, outperforming classical models. Feature analysis indicated that contractual terms, evidence, and core legal reasoning were the most influential predictors. These findings highlight the potential of ML to enhance consistency, transparency, and predictability in the Indonesian judiciary, while also raising important considerations regarding ethics, bias, and interpretability. The study contributes to both the theoretical discourse on legal analytics and the practical implementation of AI in judicial reform.
Bentuk Perlindungan dan Mekanisme Kompensasi atas Pengakhiran Kontrak Sepihak oleh Kurator Muhammad Dzaki Alfathur; Putu Samawati Saleh; Helena Primadianti Sulistyaningrum
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol 4 No 2 (2026): MEI | HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/db85kd65

Abstract

Lease agreements entered into before the pronouncement of a bankruptcy order by the judge are often unilaterally terminated by the liquidator, thereby creating a tension between the principle of pacta sunt servanda in contract law and the liquidator’s powers under the Bankruptcy and Debt Repayment Moratorium Act. Consequently, tenants acting in good faith sometimes suffer losses and see their legal status change to that of a concurrent creditor subject to the pari passu prorate parte principle. The objective is to clarify the form of protection and compensation mechanisms available to tenants following the unilateral termination of a lease agreement by the liquidator. This paper analyses the issue using a normative legal research method with a legislative, conceptual, and analytical approach to examine the provisions of the Civil Code alongside the Bankruptcy Act and the PKPU. The research findings indicate that pre-bankruptcy lease agreements remain valid, but their binding force is conditional and subject to the bankruptcy regime. Unilateral termination by the trustee transforms the tenant’s status into that of a concurrent creditor. Although a mechanism for compensation is available through the submission of claims for costs and damages, its realisation is highly dependent on the availability of the bankrupt’s assets and the principle of proportional distribution. Therefore, the presence of a Supervising Judge is crucial to ensuring justice for tenants acting in good faith.
International Norms on Cross-Border Data Protection in the Era of Global Cyber Threats Maulana Fahmi Idris
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol 3 No 4 (2025): HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/mypsh616

Abstract

The rising volume of international data transfers in the modern digital era has created new cybersecurity threats that require improved legal frameworks for data protection. This study evaluates international norms by examining how global cyber threats operate in the present world. The research uses a normative juridical framework to analyze 32 international legal instruments and 45 scholarly articles published between 2018 and 2025 through both normative and comparative analytical methods. The study demonstrates that current regulatory systems are divided into separate parts, which are mostly controlled by non-binding rules that do not have standardized methods for enforcement and thus depend on each country's ability to enforce them, while international enforcement remains inadequate. The situation develops into a more severe problem because cyber threats now develop more advanced systems than existing rules can match. The research demonstrates the critical need for countries to establish uniform regulations while developing stronger compliance methods and building faster international partnership systems. The research presents a framework that connects international law and cybersecurity through a more extensive analytical approach.
Perbandingan Perjanjian Batal Demi Hukum dan Perjanjian Dapat Dibatalkan dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia Wendi Rehan Situmorang; FredySyah Putra; Gracelino Prasetyo Nainggolan; Mario Purba; Jogi Situmorang Siringoringo
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol 4 No 2 (2026): MEI | HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/7tjedx48

Abstract

Contract law sits at the heart of commercial life, yet questions about what makes an agreement legally valid or invalid remain a persistent source of confusion in Indonesian legal practice. This study investigates the conceptual and practical distinction between two categories of defective agreements under Indonesian law: void agreements (perjanjian batal demi hukum) and voidable agreements (perjanjian dapat dibatalkan). Employing a normative legal research design grounded in systematic literature review, the study draws on primary sources including the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata), relevant statutes, and Supreme Court decisions, along with five years of secondary materials such as legal textbooks, peer-reviewed journals, and scholarly commentaries. Analysis shows that void agreements fail to satisfy the objective validity requirements of Article 1320(3) and (4) of the Civil Code, rendering them non-existent from the outset and incapable of producing any legal rights or duties. Their nullity is automatic and absolute, requiring no court action and admitting no cure through subsequent ratification. Voidable agreements, by contrast, breach only the subjective requirements of Article 1320(1) and (2) free consent and legal capacity and therefore remain valid and enforceable unless and until a competent party successfully petitions for annulment within the five-year period prescribed by Article 1454. The study also uncovers a troubling inconsistency in lower court rulings that conflate these two distinct concepts, a finding that points to the need for clearer legislative language and stronger judicial guidance. These results carry direct relevance for contract drafting, litigation strategy, and business law education, and the analytical framework offered here is intended as a practical tool for legal educators, practitioners, and commercial actors operating under Indonesian law. 
Krisis Keadilan dalam Perlindungan Data Pribadi dan Ketimpangan Sosial di Era Ekonomi Digital Akbar Nugroho Santoso; Reza Mahardika Putranto
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol 3 No 4 (2025): HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/tz6vvh84

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the digital economy has transformed personal data into a strategic economic asset, intensifying concerns over privacy, inequality, and justice in data protection systems. In developing countries, the growth of data-driven platforms often outpaces regulatory readiness and digital literacy, creating structural vulnerabilities among users. This study aims to analyze the crisis of justice in personal data protection by examining the relationship between social inequality, digital literacy, and regulatory strength in shaping data exploitation risks. The research adopts a socio-legal approach combined with quantitative cross-sectional design using data collected from 1,200 respondents across five countries: Indonesia, India, Brazil, Nigeria, and the Philippines. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression, were employed to evaluate the relationships among variables. The findings indicate that countries with higher regulatory and enforcement scores, such as Brazil (regulation = 7.31; enforcement = 6.82), tend to experience lower data breach cases (290 per 100,000), while countries with weaker enforcement, such as Nigeria (4.88), show higher cases (402 per 100,000). At the individual level, low-income groups exhibit higher risk scores (mean = 5.18) compared to middle-income (3.63) and high-income groups (2.14). Additionally, global data breach cases increased significantly from 130 cases in 2018 to 920 cases in 2024, reflecting a consistent upward trend. These results demonstrate that data protection risks are unevenly distributed and strongly influenced by structural and individual factors. The study contributes by integrating a socio-legal framework with empirical analysis to propose a digital justice model that emphasizes the interplay between regulation, literacy, and inequality in ensuring fair and inclusive data protection.
Legal Frameworks Strengthening Democratic Participation and Public Policy for Inclusive Social Development Althea Serafim Kriswandaru; Berliant Pratiwi
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol 3 No 4 (2025): HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/x0cw8854

Abstract

Legal consistency is the main requirement to ensure the effectiveness of democratic participation and consistent policy implementation at the local level of decentralized governance. This current study aims to explore the role of legal consistency in the implementation of policy in newly formed regions of decentralized governance and its implications for democratic participation and inclusive social development. The present study adopted a qualitative methodology using a normative-empirical approach and analyzed twenty-four legal and public policy documents at national and local levels using content analysis and semi-structured interviews of policymakers and experts using a purposive sampling technique. From the findings of this current study, it is revealed that legal consistency is considerably influencing policy implementation at the local level of newly formed regions, and regions with a higher capacity of legislative acts show consistent policy implementation and clear distribution of powers and functions of local authorities. Legal inconsistency causes issues of overlap and delays in the implementation of public policy. This current paper contributes to theory by advancing normative legal analysis in the field of decentralization. Practically, the findings guide regulatory harmonization efforts and legislative capacity development, concluding that legal consistency is for decentralized governance.

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