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Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil
Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 54 Documents
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KAJIAN FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) DALAM MITIGASI BENCANA TSUNAMI DI DESA PONCOSARI Dwiatno, Achjat; Triadmadja, Radianta; Darmanto, Darmanto
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Disaster mitigation require to be supported by information and data regarding the condition of local society characteristic and area. The available of correct information and data, expected can maximize usage of local resource, including labour, organization and material. One of the partisipative data collecting method able to be used to dig catastrophic society perception and understanding of tsunami is Focus Group Discussion ( FGD). Participant one of the important element in FGD, so that participant composition can influence attainment result of FGD. This research aim to know society characteristic and condition to formulate FGD participant criterion and composition in tsunami disaster mitigation. This Research type is descriptive research with approach qualitative, while primary data collecting use partisipative observation technique where researcher follow to involve and at the same time perceive FGD simulation execution. Discussant which uppermost enough is them owning catastrophic understanding and knowledge of tsunami nature, where this matter is influenced life experience or relate to its work responsibility. Several things which need to be paid attention in chosening and determining discussant: 1) education and age vary to start from student age until the old man with mean 35 year, 2) do not predominate by age, certain work or education, 3) if education of [him/ it] lower to be expected to have experience which enough or which is its old age, 4) entangling woman participant owning catastrophic understanding and knowledge of tsunami, 5) having work or got mixed up with interconnected activity or relate to natural disaster handling.
PERANCANGAN LABORATORIUM CAMPURAN HRS-WC DENGAN PENGGUNAAN BUTON GRANULAR ASPHALT (BGA) SEBAGAI BAHAN ADDITIVE Howardy, Howardy; Suparma, Latif Budi; Satyarno, Iman
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Increasing demand for asphalt in the country results in 650,000 tons of imported asphalt per year. The early damage of asphalt pavement is due to increasing axle loads and high temperature climates. On the other side, natural asphalt in Buton island of Sulawesi Tenggara, which is the biggest natural asphalt deposit district in world containing about 677 million tons of asphalt, has not been optimally exploited. This research designs HRS-WC mixture by utilizing Buton Granular Asphalt ( BGA), one of Buton asphalt form, as additive in the binder. The objective of this research is to identify mixture characteristics by referring to Marshall characteristic. Mixture is designed under the Marshall Standard procedure and 24 hours Marshall Immersion at optimum binder content according to Indonesian specification (Bina Marga, 2005) for Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course ( HRS-WC). Mixture design applies the additive BGA (Buton Granular Asphalt) variations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% to the total mixture. The results of the research showed the optimum asphalt content of specimen Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) variations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% were 8.3%, 7.7%, 7.2%, 6.7%, 6.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. The misture reached the Stability values at 1373.8 kgs, 1554.9 kgs, 1493.1 kgs, 1419.3 kgs, 1230.0 kgs, and 1429.3 kgs, respectively. Index of retained strength obtained were 98.1%, 75.4%, 87.9%, 93.0%, 98.6%, and 80.5%, respectively. Composition suitable for addition Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) at HRS-WC mixture were 2% and 4% BGA, with the mixture density values of 2.266 gr/cm3 and 2.218 gr/cm3, mixture VMA values of 19.9% and 18.9%, mixture VFWA values of 74.7% and 71.4%, mixture VITM values of 5.0% and 5.4%, mixture Stability values of 1554,9 kgs and 1493,1 kgs, mixture flow value of both of 3,0 mm, mixture MQ values of524.1 kg/mm and 493.1 kg/mm, mixture Index of retained strength of 75.4% and 87.9%.
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN EROSI PERMUKAAN AKIBAT PEMBANGUNAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI DI AREAL PENCADANGAN HTI KABUPATEN KETAPANG PROPINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT Saptarini N., C. Lestari; A. Kironoto, Bambang; Jayadi, Rachmad
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Allocated area for planted-forest in Ketapang Regency, especially in Durian Sebatang river basin and its surrounding are in critical condition with low land- productivity and poor hydrologic characteristic. These areas have to be conserved with vegetative method. One of the efforts to synergize soil and water conservation and economic interest is immediately to rehabilitate the critical areas with Planted-Forest (Hutan Tanaman Industri—HTI). Planted-forest system can be arranged to control the rate of erosion. The aim of this study is to predict the rate of erosion at the existing condition and the change of erosion rate at the planting-rotation system (cutting system) in the planted-forest of Acacia sp. The planting- rotations are 5 years, 6 years, 7 years and 8 years during the range of 11 years study. The research uses the version 3.3 of GIS Arc View program to make the land-unit map. The amount of surface erosion (sheet erosion) estimated base on the land-unit map. The calculation of the erosion rate uses the Modified USLE method (Snyder,1989), in which factors influencing the amount of surface erosion are Rain Erosivity (R), Land Erodibility (K), Length and Elevation of slope (LS) and Soil Conservation Factor and Planting System (VM). The results of the study show that the rate of erosion at the existing condition is 1,24 mm/year. Its a light danger erosion level, under the soil loss tolerance limits (2 mm/year). During the 11 first years of HTI development, the rate of erosion in planted forest with planting rotation of 5, 6, 7 and 8 years ranges from 0,91 mm/year to 2,66 mm/year. Its included in a very light to heavy erosion danger level. The lowest average erosion rate is found in the planting rotation of 7 year, continued by 8, 6 and 5 year. At first cycle, the rates of erosion in all planting rotation are more than the amount of existing erosion. Its caused by land clearing activity for plantation, but at further cycle, those are decrease until under the existing condition when the vegetation at conservation areas reach to an optimal growth. The rates of erosion in HTI can be controlled if we arrange the allocation of land utilization t consider by soil type. The reasonable planting-rotation of HTI with Acacia sp vegetation’s type to be applied in the research area is 6 years or 7 years. The optimal planting rotation is decided base on amount of erosion rate, soil stability, wood utilization and economic value. The expectation of this research can be contribute in soil conservation and social economic integrated development program.
ANALISIS LIMPASAN LANGSUNG DENGAN MODEL DISTRIBUSI DAN KOMPOSIT Harsanto, Puji; Kironoto, Bambang Agus; Triatmodjo, Bambang
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 1 (2008): JANUARI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Hydrological models are classified as lumped and distributed. Lumped models ignore the spatial variability of precipitation, and other related processes. Even though lumped model are unable to account for internal variation of hydrological processes, they have the advantage of simplicity. Distributed hydrological model on the other hand account for spatial variation of hydrological processes and parameters. This type of model has the potential to give more accurate results but computationally more complex. The spatially distributed input and analysis required by spatially distributed model can be met by incorporating a system that can manage data on a grid basis. An approach to handle this problem is using geographic information system (GIS). The overall objective of this study was to comparing of distributed and composite model. The SCS curve number method also known as the hydrologic soil cover complex method, is widely used procedure for runoff estimation. This method includes several important properties of the watershed namely soil’s permeability, landuse and antecedent soil water conditions which are taken into consideration. Daily runoff calculations were generated using the SCS curve number method, its based on the retention parameter, S, initial abstractions, Ia (surface storage, interception, and infiltration prior to runoff), and daily rainfall, Rday. Ratio of initial abstraction (Ia) to retention parameter (S) called λ is changes from time to time. Because of its, the hydrology analysis to estimating direct runoff need calibrate for this parameter. Goodness of fit analysis is used to comparing of both, distributed model and composite model. The average of relatif error, correlation factor, and coefficient of determination, R2 for distributed model respectively are 25.70 %, 0.71 and 0.53, from composite model are 30.15 %, 0.66 and 0.44. The result from research is obtained that the distributed model is more accurate than composite model. The average initial abstraction ratio from distrubted model is 0.35 and composite model is 0.04.
KAJIAN GENANGAN BANJIR SUNGAI MUKE DI KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DAN UPAYA PENGENDALIANYA Nahak, Priska G.; Istiarto, Istiarto; Yulistyanto, Bambang
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Muke River is an ephemeral river located in District of Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. Flood occurs during rainy season inundating farm land and residensial area. Previous work has been done by Petrus G Bay (2007) indicated that flood levee and river normalization, could not purent flood from flowing into river bank around Oebelo and Toineke villages. Present work deals with flood prevention by the use of retention area to reduce peak discharge and/or flood water level. Flood simulation was performed by the aid of HEC-RAS mathematical model. The result of simulation show that the main cause of flood retention is the limited flow capacity of the river. Under existing condition and Q10=575 m3/s, river bank overflows occurs in 83.4% of entire river reach. Three retention areas of 3 x 50 ha are proposed along Muke River. These can reduce the peak flow by 73% and river bank overflow by 69%.
PENGGUNAAN GULA PASIR LOKAL SEBAGAI PLASTICIZER PADA ADUKAN MORTAR UNTUK PEMBUATAN CONBLOCK Rifany K., Dian; Satyarno, Iman; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Cement mortar (cement, sand and water mixture) has been widely applied as building materials, such as cement plaster, conblock, concrete brick, roof tile, etc. To obtain good quality conblock, one of the efforts is by adding cane sugar the plasticizer into a mortar mixture. Although cane sugar addition can reduce the use of cement and water, but the mortar workability degree can still be maintained. Reduction of the cement used also reduces the cost needed to make the cement mortar, which produces a more economical conblock. The objective of this research is to identify the cement ratio, specific gravity, compressive strength, water absorption, and endurance of the conblock through the abrasion test. This research was carried out in the Construction Material Laboratory of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Gadjah Mada University. Conblocks used as samples were ones produced by Diamond Baru Conblock Baru Yogyakarta. The materials for producing material consisted of Portland cement Type I produced by Gresik cement factory, and sand from Krasak River in Yogyakarta. The local cane sugar used was produced by Madukismo Sugar Factory in Yogyakarta. The mixture samples were made using cement-sand at various ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. For each ratio, two types of samples were made and one of them was added with cane sugar at 2% of the cement weight. Twenty samples of conblock specimens were made for each variation, both for with and without cane sugar addition. The conblock dimension was 200 x 100 x 80 mm. The specimens were given fresh and hardened conblock test and measurement after 28 days after they were made. The research results indicated that cane sugar addition gave insignificant effect to the reduction of cement and water in the mixture because plasticizer material reached cement decrement less than 3%. The compressive strength decreased to 2.5%, 10% and 9% than the normal conblock at the volume ratios of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6, respectively. Results of compressive strength test showed that samples met the conblock quality standards as referred by SII 0819-83 class I and II. Material cost of conblock m3 with cane sugar addition was 3% cheaper than normal conblock.
IDENTIFIKASI SEBAB-SEBAB KERUSAKAN OPRIT JEMBATAN DAN ALTERNATIF PENANGANANNYA (Studi Kasus: Jembatan Nambo-Bungkutoko Kota Kendari) Subhan A.K., Muh.; Christady H., Hary; Triwiyono, Andreas
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Nambo–Bungkutoko bridges have had damages at the retaining walls and the piles of soil in bridge ramp clearly marked by the cracks of retaining walls and the deforming piles of soil in the bridge ramp. The structure of retaining walls of soil comprises the stone formations of 44,15 m in distance from Nambo and 40 m from Bungkutoko with various heights of retaining walls ranging from 4,22 m to 8,50 m from Nambo bridge ramp and 4,50 m to 8,20 m from Bungkutoko bridge ramp. To identify the causes of damage, analysis is conducted using Plaxis Program version 7.2. The amount of models analyzed is 9 consisted of 4 for Nambo ramp and 5 for Bungkutoko ramp. From the result sondir test, the type, depth, and properties of soil can be known, i.e. the depth of 0-2 m is soft clay, of 2-4 m clay, of 4-6 m loosen sand, and of 6-10 m solid sand. Whereas to know the solidness of soil in field, the proctor test is modified at damaged locations, each of 2 points and the results the solidness of Nambo ramp of point 01 is 8.01%, and of point 02 84.19%, while that of Bungkutoko ramp of point 03 is 82.68% and of point 04 87.05%. In providing the alternative handling of the ramp on 3 alternative is node to node anchor, bronjong and counterweight The result of the plaxis program is that at the Nambo ramp, the safety factor of STA 0+24,15 is 1.120 and that of STA 0+44,15 is 1.000, while at the Bungkutoko ramp, that of STA 0+25 is 1.169 and that of STA 0+40 is 1.000. A counterweight is chosen caused total, vertical and horizontal displacement is small and safety factor to high then as a result, at the Nambo ramp, the safety factor of STA 0+24,15 is 1.664 and that of STA 0+44,15 is 1.196, while at the Bungkutoko ramp, that of STA 0+25 is 1.694 and that of STA 0+40 is 1.208. Costs needed for all the rehabilitations of the bridge ramp with the counterweight is Rp 467.210.211
BETON NON PASIR DENGAN AGREGAT DARI BATU ALAM (BATU APE) SUNGAI LUA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD SULAWESI UTARA Trisnoyuwono, Diarto; Tjokrodimuljo, Kardiyono; Satyarno, Iman
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 1 (2009): JANUARI 2009
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Timber supply is diminishing in addition to the trend to lower quality but higher cost of wood production manufacturing. However, because the demand of this material continues, an alternative or substitution on the use of timber, such as bamboo laminated, is desirable. Having susceptible character to powder by beetles attack, bamboo must be passed through preservation process before it is applied as laminating materials, but chemical preservative materials used in industrial process ring negative impacts to the environment. One of human and environmental friendly preservatives is the tobacco extract. Nevertheless, the most effective concentration of tobacco extract and its influence to the adhesive materials have not been well recognized. This research objective was to investigate the influence of tobacco extract to the natural and mechanic behaviour of laminated bamboo. Dried tobacco flake was mixed with water in variable concentration of 100, 125, 150 and 175 gram/liter. Bamboo split were given treatment in boiling water with tobacco extract solutions. As benchmarking, bamboo split also preserved with boiling water (without preservatives materials) and 5% concentration of borax. Non preservative bamboo was used as the control. The result of experiment showed that 150 gram/liter tobacco extract concentration of caused 61,33% insect mortality and 1,87% decreased weigh, which is effective to be used as preservative in compare to other three concentrations. Water content and density observation showed that preservation using 150 gram/liter extract tobacco comparing to non preservative boiling preservation, produced smaller value of water content and larger value of density than borax preservative. Preservation using 150 gram/liter tobacco extract produced highest value of compression parallel to grain and modulus of the bamboo elasticity Petung mechanic properties were 277,95 MPa and 170,34 MPa, respectively. Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo that were significantly influenced by preservative variation showed that highest values for compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity were 66,09 MPa and 127,12 MPa, respectively and reached by preservation using 100 gram/liter of tobacco extract.
PENGARUH ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN DASAR (BED LOAD) TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI KECEPATAN GESEK ARAH TRANSVERSAL PADA ALIRAN SERAGAM SALURAN TERBUKA Kironoto, Bambang Agus
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
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Abstract

In sediment transport problems, such as the initial motion of sediment particles, scouring process, degradation process, etc., the information about the wall shear velocity, u*, is often needed. How the wall shear velocity variates in transversal direction, as the function of slopes and discharges, either for flows with and without bed load transport will be studied. The wall shear velocities, u*, are evaluated using the Clauser’s method, which is based on the velocity distribution data, due to the simplicity and the accuracy of the method. Hundred and twenty five velocity distributions data with five different slopes and five different discharges are used to study the wall shear velocity in transversal direction. The results of analysis show that the Clauser’s method still remains valid, and can be used to determine the wall shear velocity in transversal direction, as long as the velocity distributions data n the near wall region still follow the logarithmic velocity distribution. Closer to the wall, the shear velocity becomes to decrease, which is not influenced by the existence of bed load transport, as well as by the variations of slopes and discharges variations.
STUDI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN BANJIR SUNGAI TONDANO DI KOTA MANADO J.B. Nanlohy, Benjamin; Jayadi, Rachmad; Istiarto, Istiarto
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 1 (2008): JANUARI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Tondano River, along with its tributary Tikala River, is very potential to cause flood in Manado City. There were three big floods occurred in 1996, 2000 and 2005. In order to mitigate the damage risk due to flood, the controlling effort that can be applied soon in the field is required through short term flood control plan using structural measures. The feasible alternative plans should be evaluated to define the best plan based both on the hydraulics point of view and their effects on the river uses. The study is carried out through the 5 year return period flood routing using the version 3.1 HEC-RAS software. The selected design flood hydrograph is obtained using Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method by elaborating design rainfall derived from partially series rainfall data frequency analysis of Tondano and Tikala watersheds. Flow simulation is conducted in steps by modeling the hydrograph from Tikala River as the lateral inflow. The first simulation is carried out using bank full capacity discharge to define the flood characteristic and the critical sections. The second simulation is carried out for the design flood hydrograph using unsteady flow calculation on each plan to study the hydraulics feasibility. The study conducted herein is elaborated on water surface profile and velocity due to the plans affectivity to carry-off the flood discharge safely as well as the effect on river uses.  Based on the existing condition simulation, result shows two reach critical sections of the right bank and one reach critical section of the left bank Tondano River. The results of flood control simulation indicate that there are no significant differences on velocity among plans, but there are disparities on the capacity to carry off flood discharge safely with no overtopping. For the normalization plan, the overtopping is occurred along the critical section, whereas for both dike plan and combination of dike and normalization plan, no overtopping are occurred but the the critical sections are still existed. Revised plans for dike and combination of dike and normalization are equally effective in carrying off flood discharge securely, but have different effects on water utilization during low flow period. Referring to the study result, the best alternative is the revised dike plan.

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