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Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil
Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 54 Documents
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ANALISIS HIDRAULIKA BANJIR TUKAD BADUNG Wiarta, I Nyoman; Yulistiyanto, Bambang; Nizam, Nizam
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

There is densely populated residence along Tukad Badung reach resulting in the misuse of stream for waste disposal outlet. This condition causes the stream becoming the disposal place of waste, household sewage, and industrial waste. Also, there is erosion and sliding of river bank in the upstream. This condition also causes river reaches to shallow due to sedimentation resulting in the decrease of stream capacity to carry off the flood discharge. During recent years, Tukad Badung has been degraded in its function due to various factors occurring from the upstream to downstream resulting in the stream incapable to carry off the flood discharge optimally. The change of land use occurred in the watershed causes the change in stream flow pattern that can be seen from the high discharge fluctuation during rainy and dry seasons. The objective of this study is to observe 50 year return period flood water surface profile and to determine the flood control alternatives. Hydrology and hydraulic analyses are carried out in the study. Hydraulic modeling of the river system is accomplished using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HECRAS) software of version 3.1.2. The stream is assumed to be a single reach using the upstream boundary at AWLR Wangaya and downstream boundary at Nusa Dua estuary dam. The geometric input is conducted for the existing, normalization, and dikes conditions, whereas the flow hydrograph and rating curve are using for upstream boundary and the downstream boundary respectively. Based on the result of hydraulic analysis, the overtopping is occurred at 27 River Stations at the left bank and 23 River Stations at the right bank. The flood controlling by normalization is capable of decreasing flood water surface with the non existence of overtopping both at the left and right banks. The flood controlling by dike is also capable of retaining the flood discharge without the overtopping at the left and right banks. That can be concluded, by normalization or by dike the Tukad Badung is capable of carrying off the 50 year return period flood discharge. Calculation results shows the flood controlling by dike requires cost of Rp 1.118.376.638,35,- and by normalization requires cost of Rp. 1.316.571.000,00,- .
PENGGUNAAN PASIR BESI DARI KULON PROGO DENGAN BERAT JENIS 4,311 UNTUK MORTAR PERISAI RADIASI SINAR GAMMA Putra, Hendra; Satyarno, Iman; Wijatna, Agus Budhie
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

The radiation effects of radiology and x-rays equipments do not only give excellent benefit for human, but also harmful effect at the same time. Protecting people form the radiation is an important aspect to control such harmful effect. Hence every nuclear installation and radiology unit must pay attention on protecting surrounding people from the radiation. Lead is commonly used as component of shield, but the use of lead requires special work and energy. In economical aspects, the cost of such effort is relatively expensive, but in workability aspects, the application of iron sand mortar can be used as alternative material to protect from radiation. This study assessed gamma radiation absorption on mortar cube sample with dimension of 15 x 15 cm and thickness variation of 1 cm to 15 cm. Mortar ingredient consisted of iron sand, cements and water, with cements - iron sand volume ratio of 1 : 6. Water cement ratio was determined at 0,4 and the gamma radiant energy applied were Iodine-131 (131I) denergi 284,00 keVs, 364,00 keVs, 637,00 keVs and Caesium-137 (137Cs) dissociation energy of diatomic 662,00 keV. Physical test gradation conducted to iron sand from Congot beach Kulonprogo regency of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, showed specific gravity of 4,331 with, Ssd specific gravity of 4,330, unit weight of 2,554 gr/cm³, water absorbency 0,442%, and grain finest modulus of 1,33, which was categorized as zone IV (smooth gradation). Compressive strength and specific gravity of Iron sand mortar at 28 days reached 7,92 MPa and 2,59 respectively. Especially, specific gravity was heavier than ordinary cements mortar with average value ranged from 1,80 - 2,20. Coefficient linear magnitude attenuation (μ) of iron sand mortar at radiation energy 284 keVs, 364 keVs, 637 keVs and 662 keVs were 0,2816 cm-1, 0,2253 cm-1, 0,1297 cm-1 and 0,1003 cm-1 respectively. Based on these relation, the line equation obtained was y = 0,5631e(-0025X).
REKAYASA PEMBUATAN BALOK KAYU STRUKTURAL BERUKURAN BESAR DARI BALOK-BALOK KAYU BERUKURAN KECIL DENGAN PERKUATAN BAJA TULANGAN Rochman, Abdul
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

At present, it is difficult to obtain the large size of wood beams, whereas the need to support heavy constructions is high. On the other hand, significant amount of small wood beams and log are available everywhere. Usually, these small wood beams and log are used to non-structural, or even for firewood. The objective of this study is to create a technology to made large structural wood beam by using the small wood beams. This study used 17 test models with the dimensions 40 mm x 90 mm x 1900 mm with the composition, 5 test beams made of whole mahoni (full section-BU), 6 test compiled wood beams made of 2 side layers (BS2BS), and 6 test compiled wood beams of 3 side layers (BS3BS). From those compiled beams made, three of them are made without strengthening, and the other three are given double steel bar strengthening using steel bar with the diamater is 8 mm. The result of this research shows that the load capacity of compiled wood beam increase significantly, i.e. about 87 % for BS2BS and 96% for BS3BS. The stiffness also increses as well, i.e. 79,4% for BS2BS and 90,5% for BS3BS. Therefore, it can proved technically, that it is possible to make big wood beam structure for heavy construction by using smaller dimension beams which has load capacity and performance is near with the whole beam.
PENGUJIAN SKALA PENUH DAN ANALISIS PERKUATAN CERUCUK MATRAS BAMBU UNTUK TIMBUNAN BADAN JALAN DI ATAS TANAH LUNAK DI LOKASI TAMBAK OSO, SURABAYA Irsyam, Masyhur; Krisnanto, Sugeng
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 1 (2008): JANUARI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Bamboo pile-mattress was proposed as an alternative ground reinforcement to support road embankment on soft soils for the Surabaya Eastern Ring Road Project. A full scale test program was performed to investigate reliability of the reinforcement system since standard calculation for this type of construction was not available. The full scale program was consisted of ground settlement monitoring by settlement plates and pore water pressure monitoring by piezometers. Readings were taken for each stage of embankment construction. Analytical and numerical analyses were also performed to verify the full scale test results. Analytical calculation for immediate settlement was performed based on the elasticity theory, for consolidation settlement was performed by the 1-D Terzaghi’s consolidation theory. Numerical calculation was performed using the finite element method utilizing a commercial software package called PLAXIS. In the finite element analyses, subsurface soil and embankment were modeled as elastic-plastic solid materials using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Bamboo piles and mattress were modeled as elastic-plastic springs and elastic-plastics beams, respectively. Monitoring records and analysis results show that bamboo pile-mattress reinforcement has effectively increased stability. Consolidation settlement was found to be relatively uniform. Results also show that monitoring records and analysis results are relatively similar.
UNJUK KERJA ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN BANJIR BATANG ANAI DAN BATANG KANDIS SUMATERA BARAT Eriza, Corri; Istiarto, Istiarto; Sujono, Joko
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 2 (2008): MEI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Flood occurs almost every year due to the floatation of Batang Anai and Batang Kandis. In 2001, the local authority made a plan to control the flood in both rivers, which was implemented in Anai-Kandis River Improvement with the alternatives of controlling flood by handling the river courses, such as improving and widening the river channel, and decreasing the peak of discharges by making dams or retarding basin. Performance of flood control structures are made of three alternatives based on the information gathered. First alternatives suggest for repairing the river course and widening the river channel (with levee) in both rivers and floodway in Batang Kandis. Second alternative is similar with the first alternative except negation the leeve in Batang Anai and replenishment of floodgate in Batang Kandis. Third alternative for Batang Anai is identical to the second alternative and also widening the river channel throughout Batang Kandis. The analysis includes the analysis of sufficiency of channel to drain the design discharge and sediment transport analysis for the alternative with the best performance, which both could be doing with auxiliaries of Software HEC-RAS version 4.0 betas. As the result, controlling river by repairing the river course and widening the river channel throughout Batang Anai and Batang Kandis (3rd alternative) gives the best performance comparing to the others alternatives, due to the fact that it could be able to canalize the design discharge of Q50 (1417 m3/s) in Batang Anai and Q25 (293 m3/s) in Batang Kandis. The simulation of transport sediment in Batang Anai with the 3rd alternatives implementation shows the biggest trend of erosion and deposition in a row, located next to National bridge downstream (RS 108) and precisely in downstream of RS 108 i.e., RS 107.
PEMANFAATAN TRAS DARI SAMIGALUH KULON PROGO SEBAGAI BAHAN POZOLAN UNTUK CAMPURAN MORTAR Hariyanto, Ari Dwi; Satyarno, Iman; Widiasmoro, Widiasmoro
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 1 (2009): JANUARI 2009
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Cement is one of mortar components with significant influence to mortar quality and production cost. It is necessary to use alternative material as cement substitution material to reduce production cost without reducing the mortar quality. One of materials used as cement substitution is pozzolan. One type of pozzolan is Trass which is available in Kulon Progo Regency but has not been utilized optimally. The objective of this research is to obtain the mix ratio of lime-trass used as cement substitution in mortar production. This research used sand from Boyong, lime from Gunung Kidul, and trass from Samigaluh Kulon Progo. The chemical composition consised of active silica and trass petrography was used as secondary data. The primary data was the experiment result carried out in Construction Material Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University. The first step of experiment was to identify the mortar material characteristics. Then a paste mix in 4 ratios variation of mix lime-trasss (1:4, 2:3, 3:2, and 4:1) was made. Lime – trass mix ratio that produced the highest compression strength mortar (through compression test after 7 days) was used as cement substitution. Mortar mix ratio of cement (and cement substitution) and sand was 1 : 4. The Variations of cement : lime-trass were 1:0,1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 0:1. Result of the research showed that paste mix ratio of lime and trass of 2: 3 had the highest compression strength, which was used in the mortar mixes design. Results of mortar compression strength testing showed that the lower the compression strength, the larger the amount of the cement substitution. The mix of lime and trass taken from Pagerharjo can be used as cement substitution material for producing mortar type S to type O or concrete brick quality I to quality IV. Mix of lime and trass taken from Purwoharjo can be used as cement substitution material for producing mortar type N to type O or concrete brick quality I to quality III. Mortar tensile strength testing showed that the lower the tensile strength, the larger the cement substitution amount was. On the other hand, the larger the mortar permeability, the larger cement substitution amount was. Cement substitution can reduce the cement amount in mortar production but increase mortar production cost because trass production cost was more expensive than cement price.
THE IMPACT OF TRAVEL PATTERN ON RURAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT Dewanti, Dewanti
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Jumlah penelitian di Indonesia dalam bidang transportasi perdesaan masih sangat terbatas. Kondisi ini tidak menguntungkan mengingat wilayah perdesaan yang ada sangat luas. Banyak masalah transportasi terjadi di berbagai wilayah perdesaan yang menyebabkan potensi sumber daya yang ada tidak dapat di kelola secara optimal. Program-program pembangunan perdesaan tidak selalu membawa perbaikan besar bila jaringan dan layanan transportasi perdesaan tidak tersedia. Transportasi memungkinkan jasa dan barang dapat diberikan kepada masyarakat perdesaan dan dapat mendukung pencapaian kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini mencoba menjawab sejumlah pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan pola perjalanan dan dampaknya terhadap pengembangan transportasi perdesaan. Perjalanan terbanyak yang dilakukan masyarakat perdesaan adalah perjalanan dengan jarak dan waktu pendek dengan tujuan bekerja di sawah serta pergi ke sekolah dengan bersepeda atau berjalan kaki. Namun demikian kebutuhan potensial terhadap layanan transportasi cukup tinggi. Dengan demikian dalam kaitan dengan pengembangan transportasi diperlukan peningkatan layanan angkutan umum perdesaan baik dengan layanan formal maupun informal.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK TEMBAKAU TERHADAP SIFAT DAN PERILAKU MEKANIK LAMINASI BAMBU PETUNG Setyawati, Setyawati; Morisco, Morisco; T.A. Prayitno, T.A. Prayitno
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 1 (2009): JANUARI 2009
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Timber supply is diminishing in addition to the trend to lower quality but higher cost of wood production manufacturing. However, because the demand of this material continues, an alternative or substitution on the use of timber, such as bamboo laminated, is desirable. Having susceptible character to powder by beetles attack, bamboo must be passed through preservation process before it is applied as laminating materials, but chemical preservative materials used in industrial process bring negative impacts to the environment. One of human and environmental friendly preservatives is the tobacco extract. Nevertheless, the most effective concentration of tobacco extract and its influence to the adhesive materials have not been well recognized. This research objective was to investigate the influence of tobacco extract to the natural and mechanic behaviour of laminated bamboo. Dried tobacco flake was mixed with water in variable concentration of 100, 125, 150 and 175 gram/liter. Bamboo split were given treatment in boiling water with tobacco extract solutions. As benchmarking, bamboo split also preserved with boiling water (without preservatives materials) and 5% concentration of borax. Non preservative bamboo was used as the control. The result of experiment showed that tobacco extract concentration of 150 gram/liter caused 61,33% insect mortality and 1,87% decreased weigh, which is effective to be used as preservative in compare to other three concentrations. Water content and density observation showed that preservation using 150 gram/liter extract tobacco comparing to non preservative boiling preservation, produced smaller value of water content and larger value of density than borax preservative. Preservation using 150 gram/liter tobacco extract produced highest value of compression parallel to grain and modulus of the bamboo elasticity Petung mechanic properties were 277,95 MPa and 170,34 MPa, respectively. Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo that were significantly influenced by preservative variation showed that highest values for compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity were 66,09 MPa and 127,12 MPa, respectively and reached by preservation using 100 gram/liter tobacco extract.
HIDROGRAF SATUAN: PERMASALAHAN DAN ALTERNATIVE PENYELESAIAN Sujono, Joko; Jayadi, Rachmad
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Unit hydrograph is one of flood design method that commonly used in Indonesia. Problems emerge in the unit hydrograph application including high rainfall variability both time and space, lack of automatic rainfall data needed for unit hydrograph derivation. However, the output of the catchment system called hydrograph that represent all the phenomena in the system is available. So, effect of rainfall variability on unit hydrograph and the possibility to derive unit hydrograph based on hydrograph data without rainfall data need to be studied. Unit hydrograph derivation is done by using different rainfall input i.e. single station, rainfall catchment and inverse effective rainfall derived based on hydrograph alone. The resulted unit hydrographs are then used for design flood calculation. Results show that the resulted unit hydrographs vary among the different rainfall inputs. The difference in peak relative to unit hydrograph derived based on average rainfall for Bedog, Code and Winongo catchments could reach -18%, -30% and -11%, respectively. This result indicates that in the catchment studied, the rainfall variability is relatively high. However, the difference in flood peak is quite small, that is up to -12% for all the catchments. There is a trend that the station closest to the catchment centroid gives small bias in design flood relative to the design flood computed based on average rainfall.
KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN SISI UDARA BANDAR UDARA JAPURA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU Hazanawati, Hazanawati; Sartono, Wardhani
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 1 (2008): JANUARI 2008
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Abstract

Today Japura airport is needed for actives again to give a more optimum service now and in the future especially for the great increase of passengers and the airplane traffic also other supporting  factor. Analysis for measure the length of the runway, apron capacity and taxiway dimension that  matches the needs based on the planning airplanes, which are Fokker and B 737-400, it is expected to give the airport operational performance as an effort to anticipate the development in the future. This study use on runway, apron and taxiway is conducted to measure the length of the runway, apron capacity and taxiway dimension that matches the needs based on the planning airplane, which are Fokker and B 737-400. This paper uses ICAO (International Cooperation Aviation Organization) and FAA (Federal Aviation Association) methods and JICA (Japan International Corporation Agency) formula (1991) for calculation of apron peak hour capacity. The analysis result shows that the length of runway that is needed for airplane type Fokker-50 is 1. 253 m and B 737-400 is 2.100 m, while the existing length of runway is 1.300 m. The width of runway according to ICAO and FAA standard is 30 m, the same with the existed landing field (runway). While the width of the taxiway according to ICAO and FAA standard by using planned airplane type Fokker-50 is 16, 62 m and B 737-400 is 15 m, narrower than the existed taxiway that is 23, 0 m. The existed apron dimension airplane is 80 m in length and 60 m in width, dimension apron using the planning airplane type Fokker-50 is 80 m x 52 m and B 737-400 is 173 m x 123 m. for the next 20 years, the pavements layers width, at runway, taxiway and apron, it doesn’t need to increase

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