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INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
Published by Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 269 Documents
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ASH DEPOSIT CHARACTERISTICS OF BLENDED COAL IN COAL COMBUSTION PROCESS Ika Monika; Fahmi Sulistyohadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 22 No 1 (2019): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 22 No. 1, April 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol22.No1.2019.675

Abstract

Coal combustion process often occurs the problems in the reactor which is caused by fouling and slagging. One of the procedures to reduce the risk of fouling and slagging by blending the coal of Pendopo, Palangkaraya, Muara Enim and Samarinda, with the ratio of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. The ash deposit tendency is known by analyzing the composition and ash fusion temperature of coal, determining the ash type and calculating of the fouling and slagging. The results showed that the Pendopo and Palangkaraya coal with a ratio of 25:75 and 50:50 were classified as lignite with fouling and the slagging index was classified as a high and medium tendency. While the other blended coal was classified as a low and low-medium tendency.
PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT THE DISSOLUTION OF INDONESIAN GALENA CONCENTRATE IN FLUOROSILICIC ACID AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Rezky Iriansyah Anugrah; M Zaki Mubarok; Dessy Amalia
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 2, October 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.677

Abstract

Pyrometallurgical process still dominates the extraction of galena concentrates. The process used to extract the lead includes reduction smelting in a blast furnace, air flash smelting (Boliden process), oxygen flash smelting (Kivcet, Boliden Kaldo, Outokumpu), air-slag bath smelting (Isasmelt) and oxygen-slag bath smelting (QSL). However, those generate dust, SO2 gas and volatile Pb liquid. As a result, such processes are ineffective to treat the complex sulfides and low-grade flotation con concentrates. Referring to the lack of high-grade lead ore the lead pyrometallurgical is a problem in the future. In addition, the environmental regulation becomes very strict lately. Those pushes the metallurgist to seek the alternative process that are environmentally friendly and able to treat the low-grade concentrates. Lead extraction through hydrometallurgical process is considered to be safer as the process do not produce dust, SO2 gas and lead vapor.Researches for lead extraction through hydrometallurgical routes have been performed using various leaching agents such as acetic acid, ferric methanesulfonate, ferric chloride, ferric fluorosilicate and nitric acid with hydrogen peroxide and ferric ion as the oxidants. So far, no lead plant operates hydrometallurgically in an industrial scale. Fluorosilicic acid has a potential to be used as the leaching reagent for concentrating the lead because of high lead solubility in this solution and cheaper price of the reagent in compared to sulfamate and fluoroborate solutions. This research used galena concentrates from a mining area in Bogor, Indonesia, fluorosilicic acid and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidants. The highest Pb extraction percentage of 99.26% was achieved from the leaching experiment using 3.44 M of H2SiF6 and 9.79 M of H2O2, at 97oC and concentrate particle size distribution of -100+150 mesh after 135 minutes. The XRD analysis of the leaching residue with no oxidant showed the presence of galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, while the residue of the leaching with oxidant showed anglesite (PbSO4), galena, sphalerite, sulphur and pyrite. Lead extractions were increased by the increase of temperature and concentration of fluorosilicic acid. The best solid percentage that gave the highest lead extraction percentage was 12%. Variations of rotation speeds at the range of 300-700 rpm did not significantly influence lead extraction percentage. However, the particle size distribution that resulted in the best extraction percentage of lead is 100+150#, at which the finer particle size of the concentrate give a lower extraction percentage of the lead due to PbSO4precipitation. 
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FACTOR ESTIMATION FROM INDONESIAN COAL Retno Damayanti; Herni Khaerunissa
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21 No 1 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No1.2018.687

Abstract

Climate change will become the priority for the air quality management. It focuses more on carbon dioxide emission. Indonesia which has power generation dominated by coal combustion is expected to develop the national CO2 emission factor. Due to the high variation in Indonesia coal rank and its growing magnitude in CO2 emission caused by the future coal-fired power plant development, the characteristic emission value becomes an important concern. The method used in this study is developed from the IPCC Guidelines for Energy. The conversion unit plays an important role in the calculation method. The result shows that the higher in C content, the lower in its CO2 emission factor. It means that coal classified as high C content or high heating value will produce low carbon dioxide emission factor. The average CO2 emission factor obtained in Indonesian coal is 99,718 kg CO2/TJ with an average value of carbon content 27.2 kg C/GJ, and NCV equal to 19.8 TJ/Gg. Coal rank is categorized as lignite to subbituminous or bituminous.
THE AVAILABILITY OF INDONESIAN COAL TO MEET THE 2050 DEMAND Gandhi Kurnia Hudaya; Nendaryono Madiutomo
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2019): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 22 No. 2, October 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol22.No2.2019.689

Abstract

Coal is the important energy source for industry and power plant in Indonesia. Its reserve is quite abundant around 28.5 billion tons. The Government of Indonesia issued the National Energy Policy (NEP) to target 25% of coal use of the national energy mix in 2050. The NEP directs the national energy management for the provision and utilization of primary energy. However, there are worries about the ability of coal reserve in accommodating the demand from domestic and export needs. The National Energy Council recommended coal production restriction policy for anticipation measures. This research investigated the current state of the coal reserves and the government policy to meet the target in 2050 using Vensim program. In the Vensim, a model was built to represent a coal supply-demand system. Several scenarios were simulated to analyze the relationship between the government policy and the coal reserve. The result shows that government intervention such as coal production restriction policy is needed to ensure Indonesia’s coal reserve can fulfill domestic demand for power generation and industry by 2050.
THE NATURES OF ZINC SULFIDE CONCENTRATES AND ITS BEHAVIOR AFTER ROASTING PROCESS Dessy Amalia; Tatang Wahyudi; Yuhelda Dahlan
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 2, October 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.698

Abstract

The sample used for this study was a sulfide flotation concentrate that came from PT Lumbung Mineral Sentosa.The phase changes that occur in the particles of zinc sulfide concentrate during roasting in a muffle furnace were investigated using light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) while its chemical composition was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. Characterization also employed DTA-TGA instrument to provide data on the transformations that have occurred while the TGA data presents information about physical and chemical phenomena. Mineral composition of the sample included sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Sphalerite was the most dominant one. Roasting sphalerite samples was intended to release the sulfur from its sulfide, Such a release was made easier for further treatment of the zinc such as a leaching process. Roasting temperature varied from 200 - 1,100 °C. Sphalerite starts to change when the temperature was raised to 650 °C performing the formation of zincite, franklinite, quartz and sphalerite as well. This composition did not change although the temperature increased to 1,100 °C. The Zn content within the original sample was 59.00% and then increased with the increasing of temperature but the improved in line with the increased temperature. The highest Zn was 78.98% achieved at 1,100 °C.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MINI COAL GASIFIER (GasMin) COMMERCIALIZATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES (SMIs) Ijang Suherman
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 23 No 1 (2020): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 23 No. 1, April 2020
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol23.No1.2020.699

Abstract

The Research and Development Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology (tekMIRA) has conducted a research on the GasMin since 2011, and currently enters the commercialization stage with a partnership scheme (KSO). This technology is one solution to solve the problem regarding the availability of cheap, clean and sustainable energy as well as environmentally friendly which is specifically intended for SMIs. Economic analysis is one of the activities in the commercialization process. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the Net Present Value of IDR is 808,273,705, the Internal Rate of Return 28.68% per year and the Payback Period 3 years and 8 months. The three indicators show that the project is financially feasible, with a level of sensitivity to changes in production costs is up to a 5% increase, and a level of sensitivity to a decrease in selling prices is up to -4%. This economic analysis is very important for both tekMIRA as a technology provider to find out the value of technology, and its potential partners as input in making decisions as a partnership with tekMIRA.
ANALYSIS OF METALS MINING SECTOR LINKAGE ON NATIONAL ECONOMIC Triswan Suseno; Meitha Suciyanti; Nendaryono Madiutomo
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2019): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 22 No. 2, October 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol22.No2.2019.705

Abstract

Metals mining is one of the sectors that drives the national economy, and produced to meet the needs of human life. Almost all industries need this sector as an input either directly or indirectly, and each creation of the output from this sector requires input from many other industries. The role of this sector can be traced by calculating its spreading (downstream linkages) and its degree of sensitivity (upstream linkages) of any other sectors in the country. The data used for supporting this calculation comes from trade transactions between sectors that have been compiled into Indonesian input-output tables. The analysis objective is to find the impact of metals mining sector on the regional economy. The method is conducted through approach of input-output analysis. Based on the calculation using inputoutput table analysis, it appears that there are four sectors that almost all its domestic output able to fulfill the needs of other sectors in the country, i.e. tin processing, other metals processing, gold processing, and silver processing sector. In other words, these four sectors have a high downstream linkage to other sectors in the country. The upstream linkages of these four sectors are also quite large because almost all other sectors in the country utilize the products of these sectors, either directly or indirectly. While the output of copper processing sector almost entirely for exports, it indicates that the other industries in the country have not been able to capitalize on this sector products due to various constraints such as technologies and investment in the processing and purification. This means that the copper mining sector has a low downstream linkage to the other sectors in the country. While the upstream linkage of this sector is very small, because this sector is not much utilizing the products from other sectors in the country for the production process. The four sectors are more impactful since they have a high level of upstream and downstream linkages to the other industry sectors in the country compared to the copper mining sector. 
EVALUATION OF COMBUSTION BEHAVIOUR FOR INDONESIAN LOW-RANK COALS TREATED HYDROTHERMALLY Datin Fatia Umar; Mikio Shimojo; RM. Nendaryono Madiutomo
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 2, October 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.919

Abstract

Hydrothermal dewatering process has been made to produce dry-processed coals, which are comparable to bituminous coal. Two types of coals, i.e. low rank and high-rank coals. The low-rank coal came from West Papua while the high one was from Central Kalimantan. The behaviour of raw and processed coals were observed using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry techniques The change in chemical properties that are based on proximate, ultimate, calorific value and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses are studied. Those are closely related to some combustion problems. This process was conducted in a laboratory scale using an autoclave with 5,000 ml/batch in capacity at the temperature of 300 and 330°C for one hour. The results indicate that the processed coals generally have a better combustion behaviour than that of the raw coals. The processed coals have a lower reactivity than that of raw ones, due to the higher ignition temperature (Tig), char burnout temperature (Tbo) as the end of combustion and maximum combustion rate (Rmax) of processed coals. The processing temperature of the process was a slight effect on combustion behaviour. The process is very effective to improve the quality of low-rank coal, nonetheless to high-rank coal, which has low moisture content and high calorific value, and the combustion behaviour of processed coals was not significantly changed.
LOW-RANK COAL GASIFICATION USING A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AT LOW OPERATING TEMPERATURE Sapta Rianda; Dedy Yaskuri; M. Ade Andriansyah Efendi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 22 No 2 (2019): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 22 No. 2, October 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol22.No2.2019.927

Abstract

Coal gasification is one of coal utilizations that produces less CO2 emission than coal combustion. Coal gasification technology that has been used in Indonesia is  generally a fixed bed gasification. Fixed bed is designed for high-rank coal and the majority of Indonesian coal is of a low-rank. Low ash and high moisture content of the Indonesian coal in a fixed bed can affect mechanical and thermal fragmentation, pressure drop, gas and particle flow distribution. The operation of gasifier may cause unstable condition. Another gasification technology is bubbling fluidized bed, which is operated above 1,200°C, so ash can melt. High operating temperature causes agglomeration and makes unstable gasification process. Therefore, in this study, low-rank coal is gasified in bubbling fluidized bed reactor at low operating temperature. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal conditions of bubbling fluidized bed gasification. The research was conducted in bubbling fluidized bed coal gasification Process Development Unit (PDU) at Coal Utilization Technology Centre of R&D Centre of tekMIRA, Palimanan. Coal was fed continuously as many as 20 kg/hour into a gasifier then was gasified to produce gas using air as a gasifying agent and silica sand as a bed material at 850- 950°C. The produced gas from the gasification was analyzed using the Orsat Analyzer. A simulation using a ChemCAD 7.1 CC steady state was applied to validate the experiment result. From the analyzed result of yield gas composition, the produced CO and CO2 were about 10-15 wt%. Gas compositions that are close to criteria of producer gas, no agglomeration, and stable process condition during study indicate that bubbling fluidized bed gasification at low operating temperature is suitable to be applied as gasification technology for Indonesian low-rank coal.
CEMENT MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT USED FOR CEMENTING UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION WELL Miftahul Huda
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 21 No 2 (2018): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 21 No. 2, October 2018
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol21.No2.2018.941

Abstract

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources developes an underground coal gasification (UCG) technology including its UCG test in a coal mine at Musi Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra. The UCG is safer than the underground mine since there is no worker underground however there is a concern in risk of ground water pollution. One of the mthods to reduce the risk is a proper instalation of well casing and cementing that seal aquifer from contact with UCG product gas. Development of special cement for cementing UCG well is needed due to its high process temperature (up to 1300°C). The objective of this research is to develop a cement material that can withstand high temperatures environtment. Domestically available an oil well cement (OWC) and a castables (CT) were used for the experiments. Single material of OWC is not suitable for cementing UCG well since the OWC compressive strength reduced drastically at heat treatment above 300°C due to decomposistion of portlandite and calcium silicate hydrate. On the other hand, there was a synergistic effect that resulted of higher compressive strength sample if 60% weight of OWC and 40% weight of CT was blended. The absence of portlandite and the presence of inert filler materials in the blend is believed to improve thermal and mechanical properties of the blend.

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