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Contact Name
Bachtiar Effendi
Contact Email
bachtiareaje@gmail.com
Phone
+6222-6030483
Journal Mail Official
imjjournal@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jl. Jenderal Sudriman No. 623 Bandung 40211
Location
Kota bandung,
Jawa barat
INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Articles 269 Documents
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDONESIAN COAL BASINS FOR UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION DEVELOPMENT Asep Bahtiar Purnama; Miftahul Huda
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 22 No 1 (2019): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL, Vol. 22 No. 1, April 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol22.No1.2019.275

Abstract

The energy needs in Indonesia are continuing to increase, however, the production of oil and gas declines.This problem can be minimized by developing alternative energy such as underground coal gasification (UCG) by utilizing deep seated coal at 200 to 1.000 m below surface. The objective of this studyis to evaluate coal characteristic in the basins for UCG purpose depends on several coal properties such as its rank (below bituminous), thickness (5m), depth (up to 200m), and ash content plus total moisture (below 60%). Based on coal analysis of 11 coal basins from previous exploration drilling, there were several coal layers in four selected basins to be applied for the UCG project, namely 7 coal layers in South Sumatra Basin, 7 coal layers in Barito Basin, 2 coal layers inAsam-asam Basin and 5 coal layers in Kutai Basin. Based on the SNI No. 5015-2011, the coal resources was calculated and converted into a gas by a simulation procedure. Total UCG coal in South Sumatera Basin is 801 million tons, meanwhile, the Barito Basin has 436 million tons, Asam-asam 136 million tons, and Kutai 289.7 million tons. The total hypothetical syngas is 8.38 TSCF. The UCG facilities in South Sumatra Basin should be designed to produce the syngas as the natural gas within this area is in deficit condition and the basic cost for electricity supply belongs to low situation, however, the UCG plants in Kalimantan should produce electricity as its cost ratio of electricity is high and this area retains surplus natural gas supply.
THE FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR CONSTRUCTION PLAN OF FERRO-NICKEL (Fe-Ni) SMELTER PLANT AT SOUTH KONAWE REGENCY, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI Harta Haryadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2017): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 20 NO. 2 October 2017
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol20.No2.2017.278

Abstract

The objective of the study is to comprehend the feasibility for construction plan of smelter plant to process the nickel laterite into ferro-nickel (Fe-Ni). PT. Macika Mineral Industries (PT. MMI), located at Lolowua village South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi will implement such a plan Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining obliges the mining investors to process the minerals into semi-finished or finished products in the domestic country before selling them abroad. The raw materials for PT. MMI smelter plant will be supplied by PT. Macika Mada Madana (PT. MMM) as one of PT. MMI group members PT. MMI is the holder of Production Operation Mining Permit that covers an area of 705 Ha and is located in Watudemba village, Palangga District and Keono Village, South Palangga District, South Konawe Regency. The mining area of PT. MMI is located 7 km from the PT. MMM planed plant. The total Ni reserve owned by PT. MMM is 18,930,700 tons. Of 18,930,700 ton reserves; 4,390,645 tons belongs to the measured one performing the average grade of nickel and iron around 1.97 and 23.14% respectively while around 14,540,055 tons that contain the average grade of nickel and iron about 1.92 and 23.14% respectively goes to the inferred reserve. PT. MMI requires 960,000 tons per year of Ni raw material it means that PT. MMM can supply the processing plant up to 20 years. Net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), return on investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), benefit cost ratio (B / CR), and breakeven point (BEP) are the criteria for evaluating the financial need of PT. MMI. The results showed that the NPV was about US$ 726,883,479 while the IRR and the ROI were around 18.00% and 212.90% respectively. Calculating the PBP and the B/C achieved 6.19 years and 3.21 correspondingly. The reached BEP was US$ 754 per ton for the production of 50,504 tons. The analysis showed that the construction of ferro-nickel (Fe-Ni) plant by PT. MMI was financially acceptable to be. However, using several variable measurements in analyzing the sensitivity of the business, namely by the selling price of ferro-nickel is assumed to be reduced by 5% and production cost is increased by 5%, the plan is not sensitive to decreasing selling price and increasing production cost.
BIOLEACHING OF LODAN QUARTZ USING Aspergillus ficuum Sri Handayani
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 20 No 2 (2017): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL VOL. 20 NO. 2 October 2017
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol20.No2.2017.283

Abstract

Depending on its purity, quartz has a wide application in industry. Fungi play an important role in the quartz purification. A bioleaching study of Lodan quartz sample from Rembang, Central Java was conducted to obtain a suitable raw material for industrial applications. The microbial process using selected-indigenous fungus of Aspergillus ficuum in terms of removing iron, aluminum, and other unwanted metals within quartz. The result was then compared to the chemical leaching using pure citric and oxalic acids. The bioleaching process removed the iron (Fe2O3) from the initial content (0.78%) in the original sand sample to reach a level of 0.013% Almost 98.3% iron was removed. The bioleaching test also removed the aluminum, manganese, chrome, and titanium to a very low level within the 12-day process. The iron content in this treated quartz met the standards for optical and high-quality glass. On the other hand, the chemical leaching using pure citric and oxalic acids concentrations were equal to those that were produced by A. ficuum could only removed 70.5% of iron around 0.23% iron and 0,29 % aluminium were still remained in the sand. This fact suggested that the bioleaching method is more effective than the chemical one using the organic acids. The use of fungi to remove iron from quartz has the potential to be an effective method for upgrading the content and the commercial value of the quartz. The experimental results of this study have provided significant opportunity to use biotechnological approach for producing the quartz as a feed material for the high-quality glass industry.
DISPLACEMENT DISTRIBUTION MODEL OF ANDESITE ROCK MASS DUE TO BLASTING ACTIVITY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD Agus Nugroho; Asep Bahtiar Purnama
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 2 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 2 June 2015
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No2.2015.289

Abstract

In mining operation, blasting is the most common method to disperse rocks. Blasting process does not only minimize rock fraction, but also produce less favourable energy for its surroundings. One of less favourable energies is ground vibration. The ground vibration will affect slope stability, because it will increase the driving force of the slope to collapse. Thereby, a research is needed to understand the influence of ground vibration in the slope stability. From the level of ground vibration influence on slope stability, it can be set the limit of the blasting process to keep the slope stable. Numerical method that used in this research is finite element method. One of its advantages is to accomodate time element in its calculations. Analysis results of this method are the displacements distribution model of the rock mass in static and dynamic conditions. On the track of A-A’, rock mass displacement took place at the crest of 6.6 mm (static condition) to 8.5 mm (dynamic condition). Likewise, the track of B-B’ line of 0.4 mm to 2.5 mm and line C-C’ from 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm. The safety factor value on the floor of the lines B-B ‘and C-C’ in the dynamic conditions is 1.3. This value is quite prone, so it needs a treatment at the mine slope in order not endanger workers’ safety, mining equipment and the surrounding buildings.
STUDY ON BASICITY IN DIRECT REDUCED IRON SMELTING Nuryadi Saleh; Siti Rochani
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 2 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 2 June 2015
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No2.2015.290

Abstract

Pig iron as raw material for steel production, can be prepared by smelting a Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)/sponge iron. The smelting process needs optimum conditions to obtain such a high recovery likes basicity, which measures the ratio of alkalinity or acidity by adding the exact quantity of flux (CaCO3) and quartz sand to input materials to generate the reduction process running well. In this study, smelting process was conducted using DRI sample mixed with varied flux (CaCO3), quartz sand and coal. Then a mixture was fed to a resistance furnace. The reduction process was carried out at a temperature of 1600°C, for 1-2 hour. Pig iron as product and slag were analyzed to obtain its chemical composition. Afterward, recovery products was calculated. The results showed that the best conditions in these experiments were achieved at 1.18 basicity with pig iron recovery was reached up to 95.79%, contented of 95.84% Fe, 3.52% C and 0.0024% SiO2. These data of this study can be used as reference of flux (limestone), quartz sand and carbon addition as input to resistance furnace in smelting process of sponge iron on a larger scale.
INDICATION OF GRAIN ENLARGEMENT IN DRY GRINDING PROCESS USING A ROD MILL, OBSERVED AT INCREASED MILLING TIME Sedarta Sedarta; Lismawaty Lismawaty; Mahyuzar Masri
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 2 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 2 June 2015
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No2.2015.291

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine whether size distribution and grain properties of the milling product can be controlled by rod size, milling time or a combination of both. Milling experiments had been carried out using rod of 9.8, 23.8, and 46.0 cm respectively as well as milling time of 30, 60, 210, 360 and 600 minutes. Grain properties were studied by sieve analysis and binocular microscope. The entire rod sizes and 30-minutes mill- ing time yielded grain enlargement as a result of van der Waals forces among colliding particles with the help of dampness as a binding media. The longer the milling time, the more coalesce the grains. It is also known that the smaller the particles, the lesser the particle density but the brighter the grain appearance. For all combina- tions, grain enlargement took place within size of -60 +100# showing the highest weight proportion in the period of 286.54 minutes.
PREPARATION OF METALLIC CERIUM BY METALLOTHERMIC REDUCTION USING CERIUM OXIDE AS RAW MATERIAL Nuryadi Saleh
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 2 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 2 June 2015
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No2.2015.292

Abstract

Cerium is one of the rare earth elements (REE) which many are found in rare earth minerals of monazite. Cerium is widely used for metal alloys in stainless steel, permanent magnets and automotive industries. In Indonesia, researchs for cerium extraction from such minerals of monazite to procure metallic cerium have not been inten- sively carried out, although cerium is potentially promising as raw material for alloying. The present research aims to study the conditions of cerium oxide (CeO2) reduction process to yield metallic cerium (Ce). Cerium oxide reduction process was performed by a metallothermic method using a reductant of magnesium metallic powder and CaCl2 as a flux. The parameters studied during the experiments were the quantity of the reductant, the composition of the flux and temperature of the process. The best result of the experimental process obtains the yield of metallic cerium about 50%, while the metal purity is 91% Ce. The process took place under condi- tions of that the oxide sample and reductant ratio were 1 : 1, the flux addition was 1%, with temperature of the process at 1200°C for 3 hours.
REVIEWING THE PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT-BEARING MINERALS, RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND CERIUM OXIDE COMPOUND Tatang Wahyudi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 2 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 2 June 2015
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No2.2015.293

Abstract

Of the 17 rare earth elements (REEs), 15 belong to the chemical group called lanthanides, plus yttrium and scandium. The lanthanides consist of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. Cerium is one of the most abundant REEs, comprises more of the earth’s crust than copper or lead. At least, there are 29 potential REE-bearing minerals. Basnasite, monazite and xenotime are among them and serve as the most exploited minerals. The REEs are mostly applied for high technology application such as computer, telecommunication, nuclear and sophisticated instruments for exploring the outer space.
EVALUATION OF SELECTED HIGH RANK COAL IN KUTAI BASIN, EAST KALIMANTAN RELATING TO ITS COKING PROPERTIES Bukin Daulay; Binarko Santoso; Nining Sudini Ningrum
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 1 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 1 February 2015
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No1.2015.301

Abstract

Abundant coal seams of Miocene age with thickness of up to 4.7 metres occur in Kutai Basin, East Kaliman- tan. Selected coals are analyzed in order to evaluate its coking properties. The coals have bituminous in rank with calorific value of 5,582-8,357 kg/kcal (adb) and vitrinite reflectance of 0.57-0.97%. These selected high rank coals are normally concentrated in high gradient temperature zone or proximity to intrusive body. Vitrinite reflectances of these coals are lower than those of Australian coking coals (1.04-1.06%), but higher than of Indonesian normal coalification coals. Vitrinite is the dominant maceral in coals from Kutai Basin (73-96%), while inertinite and liptinite are only present in small amount, i.e. trace-10.2% and trace-8.2%, respectively. In contrast, vitrinite is lower and inertinite is higher in Australian coking coals, i.e. 64.8- 79.0% and 18.4-31.6%, respectively. Generally, crucible swelling number of Kutai Basin coals is lower than of Australian coking coals. Based on its vitrinite reflectance and calorific values, some of selected high rank coals from Kutai Basin have developed semi coking properties. The enhancement of rank is probably due to the effect of igneous intrusions or high gradient temperature. However, vitrinite content of the coals is higher than of coking coal range. Crucible swelling number of the coal is also too low, except for sample EK 1 and EK 2 which have CSN too much of 6 and 4, respectively. Therefore, the coals are not categorized as prime coking coal, but they can be blended with bituminous inertinite rich coals to make metallurgical coke for blast furnace.
COAL DE-ASHING BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION Datin Fatia Umar; Fahmi Sulistyohadi; Gandhi Kurnia Hudaya
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 18 No 1 (2015): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 18 No. 1 February 2015
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol18.No1.2015.302

Abstract

Coal contains mineral matter that will be left as ash after coal is burned. Coal will be referred to as dirty coal if the ash content of the coal is high. High ash content is not preferred by consumers of coal users especially coal fired power plants, because ash content will produce fly ash and bottom ash that cause environmental problem. The process of ash content reduction by solvent extraction would produce coal with very low ash content (near zero) known as ash free coal (AFC). The study of ash content reduction was conducted by using Peranap coals that were taken from stockpile and mine site. The coals were then washed and separated into coals with low and high ash contents. The high ash content of coals from stockpile (46.02%) and mine site (25.02%) were then extracted using solvent. Three kinds of solvent have been tested, namely 1-methyl naphthalene, 1-1-1-methoxy ethoxy acetic acid and N-methyl 2 pyrolidynon. The results indicate that the ash content of coal derived from the stockpile decreased to 0.06% and coal from the mine site decreased to 0.11% by using 1-methyl naphthalene solution with a ratio of coal and solvent of 1: 6 (weight/weight).

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