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INDONESIA
Indonesian Mining Journal
Published by Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA
ISSN : 08549931     EISSN : 25278797     DOI : 10.30556/imj
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This Journal is published periodically two times annually : April and October, containing papers of research and development for mineral and coal, including exploration, exploitation, processing, utilization, environment, economics and policy. The editors only accept relevant papers with the substance of this publication.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 269 Documents
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the behavior of heavy metals content in coal combustion products (ccps) and its leachate from indonesia coal power plants Ali Rahmat Kurniawan
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 2 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 2 JUNE 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No2.2014.330

Abstract

The development of many coal power plants in Indonesia has been creating Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in a huge amount. The generating coal power plant will increase dramatically from 50 to 320 TWh in 2020. It is predicted that the total CCPs will be nearly 10.8 million tons in the same year. The large quantity of Indonesia CCPs will likely increase drastically and potentially will be a serious problem in the future. This research aims to measure heavy metals content in coal and CCPs, to assess their distribution in leachate and investigate the concentration level of heavy metals in leachate using TCLP method, and also to analyze the correlation between heavy metals content in coal, CCPs, and CCPs leachate using Pearson analysis.The analysis results show that the dominant element content in coal was boron. Moreover, the distribution of heavy metals tended to enrich fly ash. The concentration level of heavy metals fly ash and bottom ash leachates from all the power plants generally was much lower than the standard threshold. The significant level of concentration on fly ash and bottom ash was shown by boron. The concentration levels of heavy metals of coal ash leachates from two power plants were also much lower than the standard limit. The correlation between the heavy metals content of parent coal and CCPs pointed to no correlation between the variables. The heavy metals content of coal had no correlation with the concentration of heavy metals in CCPs leachate excluding nickel and chromium in bottom ash. Finally, it is recommended to assess other heavy metals concentration such as arsenic, mangan and selenium in CCPs leachate and further conduct a long-term study about the characteristics, leaching be- havior of heavy metal leachate and, their effects on the environment.
IMPROVING TAPIN KAOLIN QUALITY FOR WHITE WARE CERAMIC Subari Subari; Tatang Wahyudi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 2 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 2 JUNE 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No2.2014.331

Abstract

Tapin kaolin cannot directly be utilized as raw material for white ware ceramics due to its high Fe2O3 content. It needs upgrading its quality in terms of fulfilling the specification of white ware ceramics. Such the material requires a series of process including washing, wet sieving in magnetic ferro-filter equipment and then dissolv- ing by H2SO4 10%. Based on several parameters such as Al2O3, SiO2 and Fe2O3 contents, 2-µm particle size density, whiteness and plasticity; Tapin kaolin quality develops significantly. XRD analysis shows that the mate- rial does not have maghemite anymore. Quartz is relatively low and mafic minerals are unavailable. Referring to such quality, Tapin kaolin can be used for Parian porcelain.
KINETICS ANALYSIS FOR ALUMINUM DISSOLUTION OF WEST KALIMANTAN BAUXITE THROUGH DIGESTION PROCESS Des Amalia; M. Zaki Mubarok; Hisaini Husaini
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 2 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 2 JUNE 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No2.2014.332

Abstract

Kinetics model was developed for aluminum dissolution of West Kalimantan bauxite based on shrinking core model. A series of digestion tests was carried out to study aluminum dissolution from the ore sample with particles size distribution of 100% passing 60 mesh in 129 gpL of NaOH. The digestion tests were conducted at 140; 150 and 160°C under stirring speed of 500 rpm. The experimental result shows that after a certain period of diges- tion time, thus aluminum dissolution was fluctuated due to the formation of DSP as a result of the reaction of sodium aluminate solution with reactive silica in the ore. Aluminum dissolution data were analyzed and treated with Matlab software to predict time required for complete dissolution (t). By using the obtained t, hence fittings experimental data using 3 different rate-determining steps of kinetics models (i.e. interface reaction, film diffusion and diffusion through solid product layer) and dummy data were performed. Prediction of the rate-determining step of aluminum dissolution was then made by evaluating the value of square correlation coefficient (R2) from the regression equation of the models and then obtained the activation energy. The kinetics study which considers aluminum precipitation during digestion reveals that alumina dissolution mechanism is altered from interface chemical reaction with energy activation (Ea) of 29.57 kcal/mole to difussion through reaction product (ash) layer (Ea=2.77 kcal/mole).
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSES OF COAL- BASED ACTIVATED CARBON PLANT IN INDONESIA Gandhi Kurnia Hudaya; Fahmi Sulistyohadi; Ika Monika
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No1.2014.339

Abstract

Technology to make activated carbon from coal has been developed from laboratory to pilot plant scales with capacity of 1 ton/day. The results of previous experiments showed that the quality of coal activated carbon has complied with the standard of quality activated carbon from coconut shell (SNI). In addition, the result of coal utilization process showed that activated carbon can be used for water purification on hatchery, and waste water treatment in textiles and rubber industries. Although the technology and the quality have been reached, but for the production it still needs economic feasibility analysis. Economic feasibility analysis is necessary for coal- based activated carbon plant at commercial scale by giving an indication about economic value of the project. The indicators used in the analysis are Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period. Calculation of financial indicators for the activated carbon project produced Rp 49.17 billion NPV, 50% ROI, 68,25% IRR and 1 year 4 months Payback Period. Based on that calculation, it can be concluded that the coal-based activated carbon plant would be economically feasible under certain operational scenarios. This study is expected to become an economic reference material and can attract inves- tors to construct the commercial plant.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE OF INDONESIAN COALS Miftahul Huda
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No1.2014.340

Abstract

Numerous empirical equations have been published to correlate the gross calorific value (GCV) of coals with the result of proximate or ultimate analysis, however, many researchers continue to propose new equations. One of the reasons is that many existing equations are likely fitted to coal of one region only. This study is aimed to evaluate the applicability of some existing equations to calculate GCV of Indonesian coal and to develop new equations that more accurate to predict the calorific value of Indonesian coal. Ten (10) new GCV formulas based on proximate analysis data of Indonesian coal were generated using SPSS software. They include three (3) equations with one independent variable, four (4) equations with two independent variables, two (2) equations with three independent variables and one (1) equation with four independent variables. The best equation has the following form: GCV= 25.284 (M) + 30.572 (Ash) + 62.127 (VM) + 138.117 (FC) - 2890.095. The result is in agree with previous work that equation involving four independent variables i.e. moisture (M), ash, volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC) provides the most accurate estimation of GCV. The new equation when it is used for calculating GCV of Indonesian coals gives more accurate results than that of some existing equations in the literatures.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALLOTHERMAL GASIFICATION BY A DUAL FLUIDIZED BED TECHNOLOGY Dahlia Diniyati; Nurhadi Nurhadi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No1.2014.341

Abstract

Allothermal gasification is a gasification process which separates oxidation process and other processes. So that, synthesis gas (syngas) could be produced from gasification with air as gasification agent. The main feature of allothermal gasification is how to transfer the heat of oxidation reaction to supply heat required for drying, pyrolysis and reduction processes. One of the techniques is to circulate bed material using a dual fluidized bed. Pressure loop and syngas composition resulted from gasification test is discussed. Pressure loop data of the Process Development Unit (PDU) facility showed a stable condition and resulted a continous circulation of the bed material. Therefore, heat transfer of oxidation reaction into a gasifier proceeded in a continous and stable way. A good heat transfer of the heat of oxidation reaction resulted a good quality of syngas where the composi- tion of H2 was close to 50% and the ratio of H2/CO was >2% which is suitable for chemical feedstock
MINERALIZATION OF THE BUSANG PROSPECT, EAST KALIMANTAN Harry Utoyo
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No1.2014.342

Abstract

Busang prospect occurs in the Kalimantan Volcanic belt of East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. The prospect occupied the undulated morphology known as Bukit Busang. It is approximately 150 km southwest of the Kelian mine. Geologically, the Busang prospect is hosted within the volcanic rocks (tuff, breccia, dacite and adesite). The volcanic sequences are intruded by the Oligo-Miocene Atan Diorite. The hydrothermal alteration consists of silicification and argillic assemblages. Silicification is the presence of quartz and opaline silica while the argillic alteration is characterized by the presence of illite-kaolin clay. Mineralogy of the deposit comprises of gold, minor chalcopyrite, lead, sphalerite, pyrite and marcasite. Style of mineralization is quartz veins and dissemination within the host rocks. Analytical results from quartz samples show that the content of gold ranges from 0.016-66,06 ppm, Cu : 29-1810 ppm, Pb : 925-117675 ppm and Zn : 197-24908 ppm. The fluid inclusion measurement from two quartz veins indicate that the homogenization temperature ranges from 317.3-323.0ºC. The fluid salinity is very low, 0.5 wt % NaCl. On the basis of mineralogy, hydrothermal alteration, quartz textures and homogeniza- tion temperature, the Busang prospect is categorized as a low sulfidation epithermal type. The genetic model of the Busang prospect is possibly due to the intrusion of the Oligo-Miocene Atan Diorite.
UPGRADING OF TAYAN’S CRUDE BAUXITE USING ROTARY DRUM SCRUBBER Husaini Husaini; Stefanus Suryo Cahyono; Retno Damayanti
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 17 No 1 (2014): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 17 No. 1 FEBRUARY 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol17.No1.2014.343

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant bauxite resources at Tayan, West Kalimanatan, where the reserve is relied more than 800 million tons. There were two types of Tayan’s bauxite that have been used in the present research. One contains 34.63 % Al2O3 and 5.20 % reactive SiO2 which is known as low grade ore, while the second type contains 47.30 % Al2O3 and 5.79 % reactive SiO2 which is known as high grade ore. A Rotary Drum Scrubber (diameter 80 cm, length 200 cm, screen opening 2 mm) was applied to upgrade the crude bauxite ores. The research was started by crushing followed by scrubbing and screening. The scrubber is supported by water sprayer to achieve washed bauxite (+2mm of particle sizes) separated from tailing (-2mm of particle size). The researchs were conducted by varying the feed rate (300-2100 kg/hr), solid percentage (14-36%) and water flow rate (35-78 L/minute). The results show that feed rate and solid percentage have high impact to the quality of washed bauxite obtained. The higher is feed rate and solid percentage the lower is alumina content of the washed bauxite produced. An optimum condition is attained at1600 kg/hour of feeding rate, 25% solid and 8 minutes of residence time that is capable to produce washed bauxite with chemical composition of 45.25 % Al2O3 and 3.27 % reactive SiO2 (when the crude bauxite as the feed is low grade type). On the other hand, the washed bauxite obtained with chemical composition of 55.50 % Al2O3, 0.47 % reactive SiO2 and impurities content with particle sizes <2mm is approximately 2,1% (when the crude bauxite as the feed is typically high grade). The average increase of Al2O3 content in the washed bauxite is 6.63% and the average decrease of reactive SiO2 is 2.87%. The washed bauxite produced is reliable as feed material for Bayer process.
A CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF POPAY ZIRCON SAND USED FOR CERAMICS, REFRACTORY AND FOUNDRY RAW MATERIALS Lili Tahli; Tatang Wahyudi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19 No 1 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 19 No. 1 February 2016
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No1.2016.361

Abstract

The objective of this study is characterizing the zircon sand from Popay of Nanga Pinoh District, West Kalimantan as well as its performance when separated using physical method, i.e., tabling and magnetic separator in terms of obtaining zircon concentrate for making zircon flour. The satisfied requirement of zircon flour will be used for ceramics, refractory and foundry raw materials. Tabling followed by magnetic separator of Popay zircon sand increase zircon content from 43.54 to 65.50%. The content increases to 66.11% when reversing the process, namely started with magnetic separator and then tabling. Mineralogical analysis using optical microscope detected six minerals available within zircon sands. Those are zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, rutile and quartz while XRD analysis only identified five minerals. Hematite was not distinguished within Popay samples. Chemical analysis of the samples shows that the ZrO2 content within zircon flour is bigger than 65%. Such a figure is categorized as premium class for zircon flour to be used for refractory, ceramics and foundry.
UTILIZATION OF COAL GASIFICATION PRODUCER GAS FOR POWER GENERATION USING 10 KW SPARK IGNITION ENGINE N. Nurhadi; M. Ade A. Efendi
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 19 No 1 (2016): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 19 No. 1 February 2016
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol19.No1.2016.362

Abstract

Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into gas to ease its use and more environmentally friendly. Research and Development Center for Mineral and Coal Technology (tekMIRA) has been researching, designing, and developing a small-capacity gasifier with the brand of GasMin. This study discusses GasMin design and utilization for power generation using internal combustion engine type spark ignition engine. The result of laboratory analysis shows that the calorific value of producer gas was 1,013 kcal/Nm3, tar content was 4.04 mg/Nm3, particulate content was 11.17 mg/Nm3 and temperature of gas was 36oC. Based on characteristic of producer gas, it can be used for fuel in internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine generator set (genset) used in this research was 10 kW spark ignition type. To be used for gas producer, some modifications were made on genset engine by replacing the function of the carburetor into mixing chamber for air and producer gas, and placed before mixing gas entering the combustion chamber.The results ofthis researchshow that the power generated was 4.8 kW, which was about 53% of maximum power on fuel. It isin accordance with the literature whichstates that de-rating of the genset engine ranges from 40-50%.

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