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Journal of Clean Technology
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24608874     EISSN : 24609811     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
The Journal of Clean Technology (JoCT) is a leading peer-reviewed publication dedicated to advancing research and innovation in the field of clean technology. JoCT provides a platform for scientists, engineers, policymakers, and industry professionals to disseminate cutting-edge research, exchange ideas, and promote sustainable solutions to global environmental challenges. JoCT has a printed and online standard serial number which is p-ISSN 2460-8874 (printed version) and e-ISSN 2460-9811 (electronic version).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February 2025" : 5 Documents clear
A Review of Process Intensification Strategies in Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil to Enhance Efficiency and Sustainability laila, Laila Rahayuningtyas; Marwah, Alyamida; Istinaroh, Siti; Nuzulaekha, Azzahra
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i1.27575

Abstract

The global energy crisis and environmental concerns from fossil fuel use have driven the development of renewable biofuels. Biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil (WCO) is a promising option due to its low cost, wide availability, and non-competition with food resources. However, WCO typically contains high levels of free fatty acids (FFA), moisture, and impurities that hinder efficient conversion. This review highlights recent advances in process intensification strategies to improve WCO-based biodiesel production. Pretreatment methods such as heating, filtration, and centrifugation reduce contaminants, while acid esterification lowers FFA before transesterification. The physicochemical properties of WCO, particularly acid value and viscosity, are critical for setting optimal reaction conditions. Catalysts like NaOH (homogeneous), CaO from waste shells (heterogeneous), and bifunctional Mo₇-Zn₃/CaO are widely used to enhance reaction efficiency. Advanced reactors—especially microwave- and ultrasonic-assisted systems—significantly improve yield and energy efficiency. For instance, microwave-assisted transesterification using Mo₇-Zn₃/CaO achieves 94–96% biodiesel yield within 5–10 minutes at65 °C, reducing energy consumption by up to 40% compared to conventional methods. Most approaches meet ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 fuel quality standards. Life cycle assessments show that WCO biodiesel can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 75–80% compared to fossil diesel. The use of waste-derived catalysts and recycling of by-products such as glycerol supports circular economy goals. Nonetheless, challenges like variable WCO quality and high capital costs for advanced reactors remain. Future work should focus on scalable reactor development, realtime monitoring, and supportive policy frameworks to promote sustainable biodiesel production at an industrial level. 
The Potential Utilization of Biomass as Substitute Renewable Energy in Supporting Energy Security in Central Java Fatonah, Rahma Dhani; Listiyani, Arvie Tri; Putri, Sindi Dwi; Insani, Rossa Dwi Nur
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i1.27577

Abstract

The utilization of rice straw as a renewable energy resource has received growing attention in the context of regional energy security and carbon emission reduction, particularly in Central Java, Indonesia. This review explores the potential of rice straw as a feedstock for bioethanol production, emphasizing its primary lignocellulosic components—α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—and key conversion stages, including pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification. In addition, the performance of various technologies for converting bioethanol into electricity is critically examined. Among these, Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs) are identified as the most efficient, offering conversion efficiencies of 40–60% and notable environmental advantages over conventional ethanol-fueled combustion generators. The findings suggest that the integration of high-efficiency conversion technologies with the region’s abundant rice straw resources could represent a strategic pathway toward a more sustainable and low-emission regional energy system.
Artificial Intelligence in Renewable Energy: A Review of Predictive Maintenance and Energy Optimization Arimbi Mutiara Suci; Rofiqoh Amini; Agnes Kusuma Asri; Nicolas Martin
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i1.27729

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into renewable energy systems represents a transformative step in enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of clean energy technologies. This review explores the roles and applications of AI techniques—including Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and ensemble models like XGBoost—in predictive maintenance and energy optimization. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, the review highlights how AI improves system performance by enabling early fault detection, optimizing energy distribution, and managing storage efficiently. Predictive maintenance driven by AI can reduce unplanned downtime by up to 35% and enhance energy output by approximately 8.5%. In energy optimization, AI models forecast demand and control load distribution, significantly contributing to smart grid development. However, several challenges remain, particularly in Indonesia, including limited high-quality data, high computational demands, system interoperability issues, and a lack of regulatory and human resource readiness, reducing unplanned downtime by up to 35% and increasing energy output by approximately 8.5%, as reported in previous studies. The review concludes that successful implementation requires strategic investment in digital infrastructure, inter-sectoral collaboration, and pilot projects to ensure sustainable AI adoption in Indonesia's renewable energy sector.
High-Pressure Processing (HPP) Energy Efficiency and Scalability Challenges in Ultra-Processed Meat: A Review Shaka Kusuma Nurjati; Muhammad Adam Purnawan; Rizma Stevviani
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i1.27944

Abstract

The global expansion of ultra-processed meat products (e.g., sausages, nuggets) faces dual challenges: microbiological safety risks from conventional thermal processing and rising consumer demand for clean-label, nutritious options. High-Pressure Processing (HPP) emerges as a promising non-thermal technology to address these concerns by inactivating pathogens while preserving sensory and nutritional quality. However, its industrial adoption is hindered by significant energy efficiency and scalability constraints. This systematic literature review synthesizes recent research to critically analyze these barriers. Methodologically, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed, focusing on studies related to High-Pressure Processing (HPP) applications in ultra-processed meats. Our analysis reveals that HPP consumes 2.5–3.2 kWh/kg up to 26× more energy than thermal pasteurization primarily due to hydraulic system demands and adiabatic heat dissipation during batch cycling. Scalability limitations stem from batch-based processing (3–7 min/cycle), vessel size constraints (<500 L), and capital costs reaching $2.5 million per unit, resulting in only 18% adoption by large-scale manufacturers. Energy recovery inefficiencies and product matrix variations (e.g., lipid-protective effects in emulsified meats) further exacerbate these challenges. Emerging solutions include semi-continuous systems (35% throughput increase), pulsed HPP protocols (18% energy reduction), and solar-hybrid installations (40% emission cuts), though economic viability remains problematic. We conclude that while HPP offers unparalleled safety and quality benefits, its scalability and energy intensity require coordinated innovations in process engineering, renewable energy integration, and cooperative industry models to achieve sustainable implementation.
Energy Consumption and Efficiency Optimization in Freeze Drying of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review Zudana, Kirana; Wahyuni, Fitri; Putri, Sheila; Lestari, Yuniar
Journal of Clean Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/joct.v2i1.28102

Abstract

Fruits and vegetables are essential for global nutrition and economic growth, yet they are among the most perishable food commodities, contributing to major postharvest losses worldwide. Freeze drying is widely recognized as a superior preservation method that maintains the structural integrity, nutritional value, and sensory quality of fresh produce. Despite its advantages, freeze drying is energy-intensive, posing challenges for cost-effectiveness and sustainability in large-scale applications. This review explores the freeze drying process in detail, highlighting the critical operational parameters such as freezing rate, chamber pressure, shelf temperature, and sample thickness, that influence both product quality and energy consumption. Additionally, the role of cryoprotectants in preserving bioactive compounds during drying is discussed. By identifying optimization strategies for these parameters, this study aims to support the development of more energy-efficient and economically viable freeze drying systems for the fruit and vegetable processing industry.

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