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Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 30468914     EISSN : 30469694     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/mjaei
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International [3046-8914 (Print) and 3046-9694 (Online)] is a double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access journal dedicated to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of the fields of engineering and technology across various disciplines. MJAEI aims to be a platform for researchers, scientists, and practitioners in various engineering disciplines to share their knowledge and innovative ideas, foster cross-disciplinary collaboration, and contribute to technological and scientific advancements. We invite authors from around the world to contribute to the advancement of engineering and technology fields. MJAEI publishes three editions a year in March, July and November.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 75 Documents
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A Multi-State Non-Homogeneous Semi-Markov Model with Application to HIV/AIDS Disease Progression A. U. Kinafa; A.A. Kwami; M. H. Alhajiyel
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i3.9909

Abstract

HIV/AIDS progression is inherently a multi-state stochastic process in which transitions among immunological states evolve over time and are influenced by therapeutic interventions. Standard homogeneous Markov models cannot adequately capture this temporal heterogeneity, necessitating more flexible stochastic frameworks. This study develops and evaluates a multi-state non-homogeneous semi-Markov model (MNHSMM) for characterizing HIV progression across six clinically defined immunological states and estimating state-specific sojourn-time distributions and transition probabilities as functions of calendar time and treatment status. Longitudinal data from 500 HIV-positive adults followed for a median of 84 months were analyzed. The proposed six-state MNHSMM incorporated Weibull-distributed sojourn times and time-varying transition kernels parameterized using B-spline functions, with parameters estimated through maximum likelihood estimation. Model performance was compared with that of homogeneous Markov and homogeneous semi-Markov models using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and likelihood-ratio tests. The MNHSMM achieved the lowest AIC (3281.4) and BIC (3402.6) and significantly outperformed the homogeneous semi-Markov model, χ²(16) = 174.2, p < .001. The mean sojourn time in the asymptomatic state was 28.4 months (95% CI [25.1, 31.7]). Patients receiving antiretroviral therapy exhibited significantly longer sojourn times across all nonabsorbing states and a 37% lower probability of transitioning to death within five years. These findings establish the MNHSMM as a statistically superior and clinically informative framework for modeling HIV progression. Its temporal flexibility can improve long-term survival prediction, support the identification of optimal antiretroviral therapy intervention windows, and inform healthcare planning in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
Data Network Performance Metrics Optimization in Heterogeneous Environments Moses Ede Aigberemhon; Brian E Usibe; Samuel Okon Essang
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i3.10158

Abstract

Although data network performance optimization has received sustained scholarly and industrial attention, integrated assessments of protocol inefficiencies, wide area network (WAN) acceleration, and measurement distortion across heterogeneous private and wireless environments remain limited. This study evaluates throughput, delay, jitter, packet loss, and application response time within a faculty network and a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)-based wide area wireless network. A quantitative experimental design was employed, combining virtual web hosting, repeated download tests, protocol-level measurements, and simulations of packet-loss sensitivity. Data obtained from representative web workloads, network optimization appliances, and monitoring outputs were analyzed using descriptive performance metrics, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) throughput models, and comparative latency analysis. The findings demonstrate that web browsing over high-latency connections substantially underutilizes available bandwidth because of sequential object retrieval, connection-establishment delays, and sensitivity to packet loss. Increasing the number of concurrent connections and implementing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) pipelining, compression, and proxy-based WAN optimization substantially reduced page latency. Segmented monitoring also restored performance visibility across optimized WAN paths. These findings establish an integrated framework for diagnosing and improving network performance in heterogeneous institutional environments by linking application behavior, transport-protocol limitations, optimization mechanisms, and monitoring accuracy. The study concludes that effective network upgrades should integrate infrastructure design, protocol optimization, monitoring transparency, and context-sensitive reliability planning rather than rely solely on increased bandwidth capacity.
Energy-Efficient Molten-Salt-Shielded Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene from Low-Cost Precursors and Its Integration into a Carbonized Luffa Sponge Composite for High-Performance Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation and Desalination Mohammed Muktar Nono; Idris Misau Muhammad; Abdulrahman A. Abdulrasheed; Usman Dadum Hamza; Prashobh Karunakaran
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i3.10169

Abstract

Scalable, energy-passive desalination technologies are urgently needed to address the growing freshwater crisis, particularly in off-grid and resource-constrained communities. This study develops an integrated materials pathway spanning the energy-efficient synthesis of Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene from low-cost precursors to its application in a high-performance solar desalination platform. The Ti₃AlC₂ MAX phase was synthesized at 1100°C through a molten-salt-shielding synthesis (MS3) route using titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminum, and activated carbon in a NaCl–KCl eutectic medium with a 7:3 salt-to-precursor ratio, reducing the synthesis temperature by approximately 600°C relative to conventional solid-state routes. Selective HF/HCl etching subsequently converted the MAX phase into multilayer Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene. Successful conversion was confirmed by a characteristic (002) diffraction shift to 7°, accordion-like morphology, disappearance of Al–C bonds, and a localized surface plasmon resonance peak at 792 nm. The MXene was deposited onto a carbonized luffa sponge (CLS) through controlled dip coating to produce an MC-CLS photothermal evaporator. Characterization revealed uniform MXene coverage, broadband solar absorptance of ≥0.95 across 200–1100 nm, retained hydrophilic surface terminations, and substantially enhanced thermal stability. Under one-sun illumination (1 kW m⁻²), MC-CLS achieved an average evaporation rate of 2.12 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and a solar-to-steam conversion efficiency of 95%. The evaporation rate increased near-linearly to 7.79 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ at 5 kW m⁻², while the evaporator retained more than 94% of its performance after 21 wetting–drying cycles. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry further confirmed that condensate produced from simulated seawater consistently met World Health Organization drinking-water standards for Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺. These findings establish an integrated pathway from low-cost MXene synthesis to solar water purification, offering a promising approach to scalable, durable, and energy-autonomous freshwater production.
The Novelty of Shehu Transform on Variable Coefficient Ordinary Differential Equations Nicholas Ani Onah; David Onah Ogwumu; Julius Temitope Adepoju
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i3.10571

Abstract

Variable-coefficient ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are generally more difficult to solve using classical integral transforms, which are primarily suited to constant-coefficient problems. This study develops a generalized analytical method based on the Shehu transform for solving variable-coefficient ODEs. As part of the analytical framework, the Shehu transforms of ty(t), t²y(t), ty′(t), ty″(t), t²y′(t), and t²y″(t) are derived to facilitate the treatment of variable coefficients and derivative-product terms. The proposed method is subsequently applied to several diverse examples, including nonlinear ODEs, to demonstrate its applicability to different classes of variable-coefficient problems. The resulting solutions are consistent with the corresponding exact solutions available in the existing literature, thereby confirming the accuracy and validity of the analytical procedure. These findings demonstrate that the Shehu transform provides an effective and viable framework for solving complex variable-coefficient ODEs. The study contributes generalized operational relations that extend the applicability of the Shehu transform beyond conventional constant-coefficient equations and provide an analytical foundation for addressing broader classes of variable-coefficient differential equations.
Phytochemical Composition, FT-IR Characterization, and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Methanol Extract of Mitracarpus villosus Isma’il Abubakar; Ibrahim Muhammad Adam; Adamu Jauro Abubakar; Ibrahim Muhammad Umar; Abdurrahman Hussaini Muhammad; Umar Abubakar Babajo
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v3i3.10574

Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical composition and antifungal potential of the methanol extract of Mitracarpus villosus, a medicinal plant traditionally used in Nigeria to treat microbial infections. Phytochemical screening identified terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and quinones, whereas phlobatannins were absent. The extract’s antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent antifungal activity, with the greatest inhibition observed against C. albicans (19 mm at 500 µg/mL), followed by A. niger and A. flavus. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of bioactive functional groups, including N–H, C=O, and –CHO, which are commonly associated with antimicrobial activity. These findings provide empirical support for the traditional use of M. villosus and indicate its potential as a source of natural antifungal agents. Further research should isolate and characterize the active compounds and evaluate their pharmacological profiles.

Page 8 of 8 | Total Record : 75

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