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Humanities Horizon Journal
Published by Pena Produktif Kreatif
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30478014     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Social,
Humanities Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other
Humanities Horizon Journal is an academic platform that invites contributions in the form of original research articles, theoretical frameworks, critical essays, book reviews, and scholarly dialogues in various humanities disciplines. Humanities Horizon Journal encourages submissions related to contemporary issues such as globalization, environmental sustainability, social justice, technological advancement, and cultural diversity. Humanities Horizon Journal is committed to promoting inclusive research that transcends geographical, linguistic, and disciplinary boundaries. Through rigorous peer review, editorial excellence, and strong academic integrity, Humanities Horizon Journal aims to be a spotlight for intellectual investigation and a catalyst for transformative research in the humanities. Scholars and intellectuals from around the world are invited to participate in exploration, discovery, and dialogue that enriches the forefront of humanistic inquiry.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 42 Documents
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Assessment of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices in Onitsha Urban Area of Anambra state, Nigeria Nwoye, Theresa Nwakaego; Ezenwaji, Emeka Emmanuel
Humanities Horizon Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/40

Abstract

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) are essential components of public health, particularly in urban areas facing rapid population growth and infrastructural challenges. Inadequate WASH services contribute significantly to the burden of disease, environmental degradation, and overall poor quality of life. The study adopted a mixed-method research design to assess integrated Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices in Onitsha Urban Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Onitsha, a major commercial hub, experiences rapid urbanization and infrastructural strain. The study area’s geography, population growth, climate, geology, and economic activities were considered in evaluating WASH services. A sample of 400 residents from Federal Housing Estate was selected using Taro Yamane’s formula. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and field inspections, with instrument reliability confirmed through a pilot study. Analysis involved two-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis to identify key factors contributing to poor WASH conditions. Based on the findings, the demographic analysis of (400) respondents showed age distribution as follows: (17%) were 18–28, (28%) aged 29–39, (36%) aged 40–50, and (19%) above 50. Educationally, (8%) had no formal education, (20%) completed primary, (48%) had secondary, and (24%) attained tertiary education. Ethnic composition was largely Igbo at (90.15%), followed by Hausa (3%), Yoruba (1.85%), and others (5%). Household sizes showed (38%) had 1–3 children, (42%) had 4–6, (16%) had 7–9, and (4%) had more than 9. WASH practices revealed strong agreement on clean water prioritization, handwashing, and sanitation, while disagreements emerged on issues like pipe expansion and sustainable water systems. The study highlights the need for integrated policy action, community sensitization, and investment in WASH infrastructure to improve public health outcomes in Onitsha.
ICT and its contribution to economic growth and development in Nigeria Ekwueme, Godspower Onyekachukwu
Humanities Horizon Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/41

Abstract

Nigeria’s economy continues to face structural challenges such as low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, and limited diversification beyond oil. In this context, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a potential driver of economic transformation, offering new opportunities for growth, innovation, and competitiveness. The study population comprised 75 people, including 25 UBA Magadisu staff and 50 ATM cardholders. Using stratified random sampling through a hat-drawn method, 20 staff and 34 customers were selected, following Ndagi’s guideline for small populations. Data was sourced from questionnaires (primary) and internet documents (secondary). The questionnaire’s validity was ensured through supervisor review and reliability tested with a pilot study of 10 GTB staff. Data collection was facilitated by the HR manager, with respondents given five days to complete the instrument. Analysis employed mean scores for Likert responses, percentages for demographics, and chi-square to test significance. The results revealed a fairly balanced gender distribution with slightly more females than males, while the majority of respondents were within the 31–50 years age range. Findings showed strong support for the importance of ICT in Nigeria’s economy, with many agreeing that it contributes to growth and development. ICT awareness was also perceived as high, though doubts remained about its usefulness across all economic sectors. Chi-square analysis confirmed ICT’s significant contribution to Nigeria’s economic development. The study concludes that ICT is a transformative driver of progress in Nigeria, but its full potential can only be realized through enhanced awareness, equitable accessibility, and integration across sectors.
Overall acceptability and shelf life evaluation of cakes produced from wheat, cocoyam, plantain, and Bambara nut composite flours Agidi, Eunice Kanayo; Arubayi, Diana Oritsegbubemi; Azonuche, Juliana Ego; Ogbonyomi, Omolara Bosede; Onyenokulu, Obiajulum Vivian
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/48

Abstract

Cakes are widely consumed bakery products typically made from wheat flour, yet dependence on imported wheat can create economic and nutritional challenges in many developing countries. This study evaluated the acceptability and shelf life of cakes produced from composite flours based on wheat, cocoyam, plantain, and Bambara nut (WCPB1–WCPB6) compared with 100% wheat flour (WF) as control. Cakes were prepared and evaluated by 15 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale, and shelf life attributes were monitored over 20 days at 4-day intervals. All samples were highly acceptable during the initial storage period, and sensory scores generally remained within the acceptable range throughout storage, with WF tending to receive the highest ratings. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in taste among formulations at later storage times (p ≤ 0.05), whereas other sensory attributes were largely comparable. Although quality declined and mold growth appeared after prolonged storage, several composite-flour cakes remained above the sensory cut-off for acceptability at day 20. These findings indicate that cocoyam, plantain, and Bambara nut composite flours can partially substitute wheat in cake production without compromising product quality, while supporting the utilization of indigenous crops and contributing to food and nutrition security.
Analysis of selected heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr) in surface water and sediments in Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State Nigeria Ifiora, Chukwudozie Colman; Woke, G. N.; Onwudinjo, Felicity Uju; Ekeke, Chimezie; Iringe-Koko, T. M.; Osaro, Paul Aforji
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/49

Abstract

Industrial activities along riverine environments in the Niger Delta have raised serious concerns about heavy metal contamination of surface water and sediments, with potential implications for ecosystem integrity and public health. The Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, is increasingly exposed to industrial effluents, making it necessary to assess its environmental quality. The study employed an environmental analytical research design to assess heavy metal concentrations in surface water and sediments of the Okulu River in Eleme Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Five sampling points, including four industrially impacted sites and one control, were analyzed. Surface water and sediment samples were collected, digested using mixed acids, and analyzed for Fe, Pb, Cu and Cr using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results were statistically analyzed and compared with World Health Organization standards to evaluate contamination levels and potential environmental and health risks. The results revealed spatial variations in heavy metal concentrations in surface water and sediments of the Okulu River. Iron levels in surface water (1.401–10.46 mg/L) and sediments (1.4565–10.581 mg/L) were below the WHO limit (20 mg/L). Lead concentrations in surface water (0.029–14.91 mg/L) exceeded the WHO limit (0.01 mg/L), indicating contamination, while sediment lead levels (0.0359–36.233 mg/L) remained within the permissible limit (400 mg/L). Copper concentrations in surface water (0.002–3.814 mg/L) and sediments (0.3432–18.754 mg/L) were below WHO limits (35 mg/L). Chromium showed elevated levels in surface water (0.397–24.09 mg/L) and sediments (0.01523–15.1506 mg/L), exceeding WHO limits (0.003 mg/L). The study concludes that while some metals pose minimal risk, elevated lead and chromium levels preasent potential environmental and health concerns, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring and effective regulation of industrial discharges into the Okulu River.
Evaluating quality of water bodies in rural communities in the Southeastern Nigeria and Implications to health of the citizen Onwudinjo, Felicity Uju; Okongwu, Dozie John
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/50

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water remains a major public health challenge in rural communities of South-Eastern Nigeria. This study evaluated the quality of water bodies in selected rural areas of Ebonyi, Anambra, and Abia States, assessing contaminant types, concentrations, and potential health implications for residents. A cross-sectional, seasonal field-based approach was adopted, with ninety water samples collected from nine springs during both the dry and rainy seasons. Physicochemical, microbial, and heavy metal parameters including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, iron, lead, total coliform, and Escherichia coli were analyzed using standard APHA methods. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, revealed that microbial contamination (total coliform and E. coli) and physical-chemical factors (turbidity, iron, total dissolved solids) were the dominant contributors to water quality degradation. Significant correlations indicated that lower pH and elevated turbidity and total coliform levels exacerbate contamination, while cluster analysis highlighted spatial heterogeneity and high-risk locations requiring urgent intervention. The findings underscore the serious health risks posed by drinking water in these communities and point to the need for effective monitoring, pollution mitigation, and community-based water treatment strategies to reduce disease burden.
The role of the church in ensuring peace and harmony in the society: A case study of Anglican church in Ogbunike, Anambra state, Nigeria Ezeokwuorah, Ifeanyichukwu Micah
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/51

Abstract

Peace is widely regarded as a desirable goal for all societies, even in contexts where conflict appears inevitable. This study examines the role of the Church in promoting peace and harmony in society, using the Anglican Church in Ogbunike as a case study. Peace fosters constructive attitudes and purposeful actions that enable individuals to uphold justice, human rights, and harmonious coexistence. The study adopts descriptive, historical, and missiological research methods to analyze how the Church contributes to peacebuilding in Ogbunike. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized. Primary data were obtained through oral interviews with key informants and resource persons, eyewitness accounts, oral histories, and direct observations. Secondary data were sourced from books, journals, articles, magazines, documentaries, and relevant internet materials. Findings reveal that the Church employs several strategies to ensure peace and harmony in Ogbunike, including its supportive, preservative, protective, and prophetic functions. These strategies emphasize moral instruction, conflict resolution, advocacy for justice, and community engagement. The study further establishes that the Church plays a significant role in fostering good neighbourliness and preventing the escalation of conflicts within the community. The findings of this study are valuable to church leaders and authorities, as they provide a framework for restructuring and initiating effective peacebuilding programmes through seminars, conferences, and workshops for church workers and leaders. The study recommends that church leaders should take the lead in preaching and teaching the importance of peaceful coexistence, dialogue, and reconciliation. It also emphasizes the need to uphold core Christian values such as love, patience, kindness, moderation, and hospitality as essential tools for sustaining peace and harmony in Ogbunike.
Continuity and change in patriarchal cultural practices in Ihiala in the modern era Okezie, Esther Chiamaka
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/52

Abstract

In most African cultures, patriarchal cultures have remained relevant over the years regardless of the growing global focus on gender equality, which has left people questioning their applicability and effects on women in the modern societies. This research paper will look at continuity and transformation of patriarchal cultural practices of Ihiala during the modern era on how the traditional norms have been maintained, altered or even dropped with regards to modernization. It examines widowhood ceremonies, disinheriting, favoring male offspring, bride price, female circumcision and puts them in their historical and socio-cultural perspective. The paper will take a qualitative and historical approach, and it will use both primary sources, such as oral interviews, as well as secondary academic resources to examine these dynamics. The results indicate that although some patriarchal behaviours still exist in altered forms, there have been great changes with the impact of the western education, Christianity, legal reforms, media activism and globalisation. Evil customs like the observation of widowhood ceremonies and cutting of female genitals have been either dropped or criminalized and women have increasingly been allowed to get education, inheritance and even participate in decision making. Nevertheless, some forms of discrimination are still perpetuated by other entrenched cultural beliefs, financial reliance, and poor enforcement of institutions. The research findings conclude that the patriarchal cultural practices in Ihiala do not remain the same but are currently being negotiable between the tradition and modernity. Gender equality must be achieved through long-term efforts which may combine cultural sensitivity, legal and social reforms.
Efforts to increase the learning motivation of Class XI-MBA students with art exhibition materials through Artsteps Media Febriani Wulandari; Ike Ratnawati; Shinta Adhisti Oktarini
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/43

Abstract

The main problem is that students are less motivated to learn because the material is theoretical, tends to be monotonous, boring, and uninteresting. Using Artsteps Media, this project aims to improve the learning motivation of class XI-MBA students at SMA Negeri 4 Malang to learn about art and culture. Classroom Action Research (CAR), developed by Kemmis and McTaggart, was used in this study. This study was conducted in two cycles with four stages, namely planning in the first stage, action in the second stage, observation in the third stage, and reflection in the fourth stage. A total of 35 students participated in the activity. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, performance tests, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, students' learning motivation increased in pre-cycle from 29% to 100% in cycle II. By depicting a virtual exhibition space, the use of Artsteps Media can make learning more interesting and encourage students to participate more actively. This study shows the effectiveness of using Artsteps Media in improving students' learning motivation in studying art and culture with art exhibition materials.
Problems encountered by students in learning the theme of racism in Richard Wright’s Black boy Chizuome Victor Obidiebube; Echezona Ifejirika
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/54

Abstract

Racism is one of the themes explored in literary arts. Systematic investigations into the teaching of the theme of racism in English novels in senior secondary schools in Anambra State have been scarce. The aim of this study therefore is to investigate the teaching of the theme of racism in English novels in senior secondary schools in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State. The objective of the study wass to identify the problems encountered by students in learning the theme of racism in Black Boy in senior secondary schools and to identify possible remedies to the constraints for effective teaching and learning of the theme of racism in Black Boy in senior secondary schools. The study adopts a descriptive survey design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Richard Wright's Black Boy for the study. The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire. The theoretical framework adopted for this study was McClelland theory of achievement and motivation. The study reveals that the unfamiliar background of the author constitutes a problem for 90% of the respondents, thereby making it difficult for both students and teachers to determine the setting, theme, and other things about the novel. The study concludes that the learners need proper understanding of the theme of racism to adjust properly in their environment. The paper recommends that the government should employ more English teachers, especially at the senior secondary level.
Hydrological modelling of flood risk and watershed response to land use change: A case study of the Anambra Watershed, Nigeria Okpala Chukwunonso Michael
Humanities Horizon Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Pena Produktif Kreatif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63373/3047-8014/55

Abstract

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes significantly influence watershed hydrological processes and flood risk. This study assessed the effects of long-term LULC change on the hydrological response of the Anambra Watershed between 1995 and 2025 using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and HEC-HMS hydrological modelling. Satellite imagery was analyzed to quantify historical land cover changes, while HEC-HMS was employed to simulate rainfall–runoff responses under varying land use conditions. The results revealed a 184.2% increase in built-up areas and substantial declines in forest cover (34.1%) and wetlands (34.0%) over the study period. Hydrological simulations showed that these changes reduced infiltration by 45.4%, increased surface runoff by 36.0%, and increased peak discharge by 38.6% under a 100-year rainfall event. The time-to-peak also decreased from 14.2 to 11.8 hours, indicating a faster watershed response to storm events. Flood susceptibility mapping further revealed that approximately 73% of the watershed falls within medium to very high flood-risk categories, with the highest vulnerability concentrated in the southern floodplain regions. The findings demonstrate that long-term land use change has significantly altered the hydrological behaviour of the watershed and increased flood vulnerability. The study highlights the importance of riparian restoration, wetland conservation, and sustainable urban drainage strategies for effective flood-risk management within the watershed.

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