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Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 3 (2016)" : 10 Documents clear

PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN DENGAN KEBERADAAN CO-SOLVENT ASETON DAN KATALIS HETEROGEN NATRIUM SILIKAT TERKALSINASI Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga, Mangunsong Ruben Reinhard Giovani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Methyl ester can be produced from vegetable oil or animal oil through transesterification process. The problem that often arises in the transesterification process is the long reaction time because of oil and alcohol are not mutually dissolve and also separation and purification catalysts are difficult to homogeneous catalysts. The addition of co-solvent may assist the mixing of the reactants and the use of heterogeneous catalysts can overcome the problem of homogeneous catalysts. Sunan candlenut oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 9.1517% so it needs to be pretreated by esterification so that the raw material has a 1.0538% FFA. The product from this stage was subjected to produce methylester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables were investigated. The propertiesof methyl ester like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, iodine value, acid value, the content of methyl ester, triglycride(TG), diglyceride(DG) and monoglyceride (MG) was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI) and European strandart (EN). On this work the best yield condition , was obtain by using amount of catalyst 3% at 40oC, for reaction time 30 minute in presence of 20% co-solvent of the 96,1493 yield methyl ester. The result of this work showed that sunan candlenut oli is very suitable as the feedstock of methyl ester.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN INOKULUM, LAMA FERMENTASI DAN PENGADUKAN PADA PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE MURNI Jernika Simangunsong, Elisa Febrina, Zuhrina Masyithah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is coconut oil that processed without heating. This study about fermentation of VCO using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purposes of this research is to find the best condition like stirring times, stirring speeds, fermentation times and concentration of inoculum in the process of making VCO. The variation of stirring speeds are 25 rpm, 50 rpm, 75 rpm, 100 rpm and 125 rpm. Stirring time used was 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 75 minutes. The variation of fermentation times are 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, and 30 hours and variation concentration of inoculum are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. For stirring effects, the highest yield was obtained 24,5% with stirring speed is 50 rpm and stirring time is 30 minutes and the lowest yield was obtained 8,5% with stirring speed is100 rpm and stirring time 75 minutes. For fermentation times and concentration inoculum effets, the highest yield was obtained from this research is 28,25% with addition inoculum is 10% and fermentation times is 24 hours. And the lowest yield is 15% with addition inoculum is 20% and fermentation times is 12 hours. The results of this research for stirring effects showed decreases yield of VCO and for the fermentation time showed increases yield of VCO and concentration inoculum showed no effect for yield of VCO.

PENGARUH AKTIVASI ADSORBEN BIOMASSA TERHADAP GUGUS HIDROKSIL PADA PROSES ADSORPSI ION LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) Abdurrahman, Suhendrayatna, Syahiddin DS
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lead (Pb) is a very popular and widely metal known by public caused by high use in industries and toxid to living organisms. This research was conducted to investigate the absorption process of Pb ion in synthetic wastewater. The observations focused on the absorption performance by an adsorbent from mixture biomass of palm bunches and rice husk activated with citric acid in various concentrations and observed an increase in the wave number bonding hydroxyl group (OH) after activated with citric acid. Kinetics of adsorption occured at wave number 3200-3600 cm-1 which founded very good performance of hydroxyl groups in the absorption process in that IR spectra area. Pb ion absorption was found the best place on the ratio of biomass (palm bunches: rice husk) 1: 1, which occured 56.70% absorption with initial concentration of 80 ppm. Furthermore, it was found that contact time between adsorbent and metal ions Pb affect to the absorption.

PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI Seri Maulina, M Hidayat Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Palm frond is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantations which contains lignocellulose namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose from waste palm fronds can be further processed into useful products and economic value, one of which is used as raw material for making oxalic acid. The purpose of this research is assess the effect of temperature and reaction time in the hydrolysis of palm fronds with alkali fusion method of producing oxalic acid. The research consisted of two stages that is the stage of preparation of palm fronds and the stage of oxalic acid synthesis, which include alkali fusion and crystallization processes. Analysis of the raw materials include the analysis of water content and cellulose content of palm fronds. From the results of this study showed water content is 53.7% and cellulose content is 30.9%. At this research for quantitative analysis includes the conversion of cellulose and yield oxalic acid. From these results obtained optimum conditions at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and a reaction time of 60 minutes the cellulosic conversion is 79.2% and a yield is 59.6% oxalic acid. For qualitative analysis includes purity analysis using FTIR and melting point analysis. FTIR analysis results indicate that the group has approached the standard of oxalic acid and melting point of 101.8 °C which indicates that the oxalic acid is obtained in the form of oxalic acid dihydrate.

PENGARUH PELARUT KLOROFORM DALAM PEMURNIAN GLISEROL DENGAN PROSES ASIDIFIKASI ASAM KLORIDA Windi Monica Surbakti, Gerson Rico M.H, Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production was approximately formed 10% of the biodiesel weight. Impurities which contained in the glycerol such as catalyst, soap, methanol, water, salt, and matter organic non glycerol (MONG) have a significant effect on the glycerol concentration. So, it is necessary to treat the impurities. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of chloroform to glycerol purification process with acidification method using hydrochloric acid as pretreatment process. This research was begun with acid addition to the glycerol to neutralize the base content and to split the soap content into free fatty acid and salt, that are more easily separated from glycerol. Then the process was continued with extraction by the solvent chloroform using the variable of test volume ratio (v/v) (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2) and the extraction time (20, 40, and 60 minutes). The results showed that the more volume of solvent used, gave less extraction time to produce high purity of glycerol. The highest purity produced in this study amounted to 90,9082% is obtained at the ratio of the volume solvent (v/v) 1:1 with extraction time 60 minutes.

PENGARUH AERASI PADA FERMENTASI PADAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT OLEH Aspergillus niger TERHADAP PRODUKSI GULA SEDERHANA Himmatun Wisda, Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, Sarto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The effects of aeration on production of simple sugars by Aspergillus niger were investigated using oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger. Simple sugars can further be fermented to produce bioethanol. OPEFB is renewable cellulosic biomass and largely available in Indonesia. Before being fermented, OPEFB needs to be pretreated. It was done by NaOH 1% solution at 150 ºC for 2 hours. The concentrations simple sugars produced by hydrolysis were analyzed by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). It turned out that the highest concentration of sugars was to be 9,102 g/L, and it was obtained on the 3rd day of fermentation. Some parts of the sugars produced were consumed by Aspergillus niger itself for growth and maintenance. The experiment showed that aeration increased the simple sugars concentration. Modelling of reaction kinetic assumed to hydrolisis process and simple sugar consumed. Simply modelling can describe in quantitative fermentation of OPEFB. Moreover, get parameters value at equation of reaction kinetic.

ADSORPSI KESADAHAN (Ca) MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN BERBASIS SEKAM PADI A.S. Dwi Saptati Nur Hidayati, Juliananda, Bambang Ismuyanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This study reports adsorption of hardness (Ca) onto rice husk-basedadsorben. Characterization of rice husk-based adsorbent was identified by FTIR. Experiments were carried aout with several parametersvariations such as adsorption time (30-180 minutes) and the initial hardness (Ca) concentration (164.8 to 329.6) mg/L. Furthermore, initial study to evaluate the feasibility of adsorbent application was doneusing Langmuir and Freundlichtest. The results showed that hardness (Ca)removalup to 35.98% at a concentration of Na2SO41 M and adsorption time 150 minutes. The adsorption data obtained data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model with adsorption capacity of rice husk-based adsorbent was found to be 18.52 mg/g.

PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET DARI PELEPAH DAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT: PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET Iriany, Cindy Carnella, Cici Novita Sari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Briquette was a product of the compaction process of biomass residue used as fuel and it is formed using binder. Briquette from biomass has a high heating value. The quality of briquettes influenced by raw material composition and the time of carbonization. The carbonization process in the manufacture of briquettes could improve heating value and reduce smoke produced from burning briquette. This research is aim to study the effect of variations in the composition of raw materials and carbonization time on the heating value and the characteristics of the resulting briquettes. The materials used are palm fronds, palm shells, starch, used oil, H2SO4 and Tri Ethyl Amine (TEA). The ratios of palm frond and palm shell charcoal in this research is 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 6 and 1: 8 with variation of carbonization time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. The research began with the carbonization process of the raw materials. Then charcoal product of carbonization was pressed using an binder starch and used oil as much as 20% based on the weight of raw materials at the ratio of 1: 1. The best quality from this research is obtained at the ratio palm fronds and oil palm shell 1: 8 with carbonization time of 120 minutes, heating value 15107,138 cal/g, moisture content 6%, ash content of 5,185%, volatile matter 39,226%, fixed carbon 70,955%, density 0,442 g/cm3, burning rate 0,273 g/min, and compressive strength 0,046 N / mm2. The result shows the briquettes produced had a strong structure, it was not easily broken and it was not moldy when stored.

PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN ECENG GONDOK SERTA VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET Iriany, Firman Abednego Sarwedi Sibarani, Meliza
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

This research used raw material water hyacinth and coconut shell. The purpose of this research is to get briquettes with high heating value and to obtain briquettes with good quality. Comparison of the base material mixed water hyacinth and coconut shell in this research is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 with variations in particle size of 10 mesh, 42 mesh and 60 mesh, and using an adhesive tapioca 10% from the weight of raw material. The results of measurement in this research was compared to the quality parameters such as SNI, Japan standard, British, and America. The survey results revealed that the ideal composition made from a mixture of water hyacinth and coconut shell is briquette in comparison 1:4 with particle size 60 mesh and have the highest of heating value is 6.851,3311 cal/g, the lowest ash content is 8,1918%, the lowest of moisture content is 1,0140%, levels of substance evaporates is 13,7890%, the value of density is 0.9836 g/cm3, the firing rate is 2,9x10 -3 g/sec and the compressive strength is 11,3234 kg/cm2. The results are in accordance to SNI, Japan standard, British, and America, while the compression pressure of briquette only accordance to British standard.

PENGARUH SUHU PIROLISIS DAN JUMLAH KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERHADAP YIELD DAN KUALITAS BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS POLIPROPILENA Rio Nazif, Erlangga Wicaksana, Halimatuddahliana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

The energy usage in Indonesia generally increase by the population growth, the economic growth and technology. Today, national demands of plastic is quite large and it continues to grow by the population growth. Plastics consumption in Indonesia is about 10 kg per capita annualy. One of the methode to reuse the plastic waste is making it to the liquid fuel by pyrolisis process. It is possible to do because the plastic is consist of monomers which will form the polymer. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of process variable (process temperature and active carbon catalyst) for yield and the quality of liquid fuel from polypropylene packaging glass plastic waste. Quality parameters that have been analyzed consist of density, specific gravity / API gravity, kinematic viscosity, heating value, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) characteristic, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spektrofotometer (GC-MS) characteristic, the pyrolisis process was using semi batch stainless steel unstirred reactor. Pyrolysis process was used 500 gram of polypropylene (PP) packaging glass plastic waste. Then carbon active catalyst is added by ratio catalyst : propilene (w/w) were 1 :10; 1,5 : 10 ; 2 : 10 ; 2,5 : 10 ; dan 3 : 10. Temperature variables were 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C dan 350 °C and it’s maintained in 2 hours. The last step was condensation, then the quality parameter of liquid product was analysed. From GC-MS analysis, the liquid product of pyrolisis most contains diesel fraction hydrocarbon that is C8 till C21. The pyrolisis temperature which produce the hydrocarbon near the best quality diesel is at 300 °C with ratio active carbon : PP is 10:2, and the analysis to the liquid fuel product claims that the liquid fuel is near to the best quality diesel, which fullfills the standard from commercial diesel.

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