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Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28298624     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/ciils
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society [ISSN Print: 2829-8373 ISSN Online 2829-8624] is an open-access double blind peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang and managed by Moslem and Christian Community at Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 51 Documents
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The Digital Sanctuary: Forging Legal And Ethical Frameworks For Interfaith Coexistence Online Utari, Indah Sri; Ramada, Diandra Preludio; Kamal, Ubaidillah; Damayanti, Ratih; Alias , Nizamuddin
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Digital Society and Interfaith Legal Challenges
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v4i2.35309

Abstract

The internet has profoundly transformed interfaith relations, offering an unprecedented global arena for dialogue and community building. Yet this transformative power is shadowed by a growing threat: the digital space is increasingly weaponized as a battleground for religious tensions, fueled by hate speech, misinformation, and targeted harassment. The absence of robust legal and ethical frameworks tailored to the complexities of online interaction leaves interfaith communities vulnerable and undermines genuine cooperation. This article introduces the conceptual model of a “digital sanctuary”—a deliberately designed and protected online space where diverse faiths can coexist and flourish. Achieving this ideal is not an organic outcome of technology but requires intentional, multi-faceted efforts from all stakeholders. The paper critically examines regulatory gaps and ethical dilemmas obstructing interfaith harmony online, highlighting the limitations of fragmented national laws in a borderless environment and analyzing the responsibilities of technology platforms. We advocate moving beyond simple content moderation toward a proactive, rights-based approach that prioritizes the safety and dignity of religious minorities. By proposing a model of “digital jurisprudence,” the article calls for holistic guidelines that extend beyond traditional statutes. These include policy recommendations for algorithmic transparency, community-led dialogue, and greater international cooperation to establish standards that balance freedom of expression with protection from religious incitement. Ultimately, the paper contends that the future of peaceful interfaith coexistence depends on transforming the digital realm from a passive, ungoverned space into a resilient ecosystem where principles of mutual respect are systematically protected and nurtured
Distribution of Inheritance of Joint Property in Indonesian Legal Pluralism: Inter-Legal System Dialogue Toward a Fair Regulatory Framework Moh Arifin; Gunarto; Bambang Tri Bawono; Afif Noor; Kiki Nuriska Denhas
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.20525

Abstract

The distribution of inheritance of joint property in the context of succession is one of the issues requiring special attention in Indonesia's pluralistic legal system, which recognizes and applies state law, Islamic law, and customary law. This legal pluralism often results in differing interpretations regarding the status of marital joint property, the rights of the surviving spouse, and the rights of heirs, leading to legal uncertainty and social conflict. This study analyses the distribution of joint property from the perspective of Indonesian legal pluralism. It proposes a fairer regulatory framework, based on the analysis of the Kendal Religious Court Decision No. 838/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Kdl. Employing doctrinal (normative juridical) research, this study qualitatively analyzes primary and secondary legal materials grounded in legal pluralism and interlegality theory, Gustav Radbruch’s theory of the purpose of law, John Rawls’s theory of justice, and the principle of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The findings show that the Kendal Religious Court has applied the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Marriage Law to fulfill legal certainty; however, its legal considerations remain normatively oriented and have not optimally integrated substantive justice and the realities of life in a pluralistic legal context. This study proposes an integrative regulatory framework that harmonizes state law, Islamic law, and customary law, as well as harmonizes Islamic law with other legal systems, not as rivalrous competition but as a dialogue that safeguards the rights of all heirs. Thus, it is expected that court decisions will create legal certainty, justice, and benefits in Indonesia’s multicultural and multireligious society. 
The Blasphemy: Indonesia Criminal Law and Christian Perspective Beniharmoni Harefa; Abdul Kholiq; Anugerah Tatema Harefa; Oinike Natalia Harefa; Nor Akhmal Hasmin
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.25218

Abstract

Blasphemy constitutes one of the most controversial offenses within Indonesian criminal law, particularly as governed by Article 156a of the existing Penal Code and the provisions of the 2023 Criminal Code. In a pluralistic society such as Indonesia, the enforcement of blasphemy laws frequently engenders tension between the protection of religious freedom and the maintenance of public order. This study examines the regulatory development and implementation dynamics of blasphemy laws in Indonesia, assessing the extent to which national legal norms align with international human rights principles. Employing a normative legal approach, this research analyzes statutory instruments, Constitutional Court rulings, and law enforcement practices in landmark cases such as Ahmadiyah, Ahok, and Holywings. The analysis demonstrates that existing legal norms, notably Article 156a of the Penal Code, are highly ambiguous and susceptible to abuse, disproportionately affecting minority groups. Furthermore, Constitutional Court Decision No. 140/PUU-VII/2009, which upholds the constitutionality of this article, reinforces a discriminatory status quo. Consequently, this article advocates for the statutory reformulation of these offenses utilizing a restorative justice approach, the implementation of administrative sanctions, and the strengthening of penal mediation mechanisms as stipulated in Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020. The primary contribution of this research is proposing a roadmap for legal reform that strikes a balance between safeguarding religious freedom and ensuring public order, in strict compliance with international frameworks such as the ICCPR and the Siracusa Principles. 
JUSTICE AND LEGAL RECOGNITION OF INTERFAITH HEIRS IN INDONESIA INHERITANCE LAW Tri Andari Dahlan; Ubaidillah Kamal; Yustina Dhian Novita; Risky Agung Firnanda; Aldina Ulya
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.34347

Abstract

The pluralistic inheritance law system in Indonesia, which consists of Islamic inheritance law, Western civil inheritance law, and customary inheritance law, creates significant legal complexity, particularly in inheritance disputes involving differences of religion between the deceased and the heirs. Normatively, Islamic inheritance law does not recognize interfaith inheritance, while Western civil law adopts a principle of religious neutrality, and customary law varies according to each community’s kinship system. These differences result in unequal legal protection for interfaith heirs and raise serious issues regarding legal certainty and substantive justice. This research aims to analyze the legal position of interfaith heirs within Indonesia’s inheritance law system and to examine how the concept of justice is realized in judicial practice, particularly through the application of the concept of wasiat wajibah (mandatory bequest). This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and jurisprudential approaches. The findings demonstrate that Western civil inheritance law consistently recognizes inheritance rights without considering religious differences. In contrast, Islamic inheritance law normatively prohibits interfaith inheritance; however, judicial practice has developed the application of wasiat wajibah as a legal compromise to protect the economic interests of non-Muslim heirs of Muslim descendants. Nevertheless, the application of wasiat wajibah remains inconsistent and highly dependent on judicial discretion, resulting in legal uncertainty and unequal treatment in similar cases. This research concludes that the current pluralistic inheritance framework has not yet fully guaranteed legal certainty and substantive justice for interfaith heirs. Therefore, it recommends the harmonization and reformulation of national inheritance law to establish clearer and more uniform normative guidelines. Such reform is necessary to ensure the realization of legal certainty, social utility, and substantive justice while remaining aligned with religious values and the multicultural character of Indonesian society.
Political Communication Brokerage and Election Law Compliance: The Role of Socio-Religious Values and Environmental Ethics in Tambak Lorok Nugraheni Arumsari; Pawito; Andre Noevi Rahmanto; Didik Gunawan Suharto; Rizqi Adri Muhammad
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.34463

Abstract

This study aims to examine the role of political brokers in communication practices in the Tambak Lorok fishing community in Semarang City, Central Java, focusing on compliance with election laws and the politicization of environmental issues. The community experiences multiple vulnerabilities, ranging from socio-ecological crises affecting socio-economic life to political mobilization practices that turn voting into an electoral commodity. Data were collected using a case study approach, specifically through in-depth interviews with 10 informants, including five brokers and five community members, as well as an analysis of secondary document sources. The results showed that three types of brokers, namely activists, clientelists, and opportunists, operated simultaneously, exploiting environmental issues, including tidal flooding, diesel fuel shortages, and coastal waste as political narratives. These narratives were used to build candidate legitimacy and mobilize votes based on promises of ecological solutions, often combined with the practice of money politics. Political brokers were not only agents of patronage but also communication actors who framed local issues in electoral political discourse. In practice, political brokers occupied a biased position by engaging in legitimate political communication and violating Law Number 7 of 2017. A central finding of this study is the systematic weaponization of Islamic jurisprudential concepts—specifically the intentional conflation of risywah (bribery) with shadaqah (alms) and hadiah (gifts)—within communal pengajian spaces to neutralize legal resistance to vote-buying. It constitutes a paradigmatic case of interfaith legal tension, where Islamic normative frameworks are inverted to subvert state electoral law. In conclusion, this study contributes to strengthening the understanding of informal actors, electoral law, and the quality of democracy, specifically at the local level, while expanding the discourse on how environmental issues are politicized in the context of urban coastal communities in developing countries. 
Sustainable Lies: Constructs of Greenwashing, Consumer Protection, and Interfaith Environmental Ethics in Southeast Asia Nurlaily Nurlaily; Farahdilah Ghazali; Jonathan P. Binaluyo; Lu Sudirman; Emiliya Febriyani
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.35163

Abstract

Greenwashing constitutes a spectrum of crime that exploits not only consumer trust but also the fundamental principles of environmental sustainability designed to ensure the preservation of the environment. This study analyzes the normative constructs of greenwashing and its implications, evaluating how existing legal frameworks in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines address this pervasive issue. Employing a normative legal research methodology supplemented by a comparative approach, this study deconstructs greenwashing into a spectrum of legally culpable conduct. This ranges from misleading commercial representation and administrative manipulation to criminal deception involving fraud, false reporting, the concealment of violations, and broader environmental-crime nexuses. An analysis of the relevant frameworks across the three jurisdictions reveals significant normative gaps indicative of deeper structural problems. These deficiencies include a failure to legally connect greenwashing with environmental crimes, inadequate compliance mechanisms, weak penal sanctions, and an overall failure to comprehensively cover the greenwashing spectrum. To address these gaps, this study proposes a set of actionable recommendations designed for adoption by lawmakers in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines
Pentecostal Churches’ Attitudes toward Human Trafficking in Indonesia’s Plural Society: A Socio-Legal and Interreligious Perspective Purim Marbun; Edwin -; Josahiru Edmund Franky; Sarah Stefany; Juanda Manullang
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.39140

Abstract

This study examines the institutional attitudes of Pentecostal churches in Indonesia toward human trafficking as a crime against humanity within the context of Indonesia’s religiously plural society. Situating a minority Christian denomination within majority-Muslim Java and majority-Hindu Bali, the study adopts a quantitative cross-sectional survey design involving 106 respondents—church leaders and operational actors—across five provinces: DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Bali. Five key dimensions were measured: theological framing, church policies, operational engagement, collaboration with external stakeholders (including interreligious organizations), and gender-sensitive approaches. The analysis revealed significant provincial variation, with churches in Central Java demonstrating more organized and mature responses than those in East Java, a difference interpreted in light of each region’s distinct socio-religious dynamics. Drawing on legal pluralism, covenantal pluralism, and institutional isomorphism theory, the study reads these variations as products of inter-normative interaction among state anti-trafficking law (notably Law No. 21/2007), international human-rights norms, and the Islamic and Hindu normative orders within which the churches operate. Crucially, the study explores how interfaith cooperation with Muslim and Hindu institutions, as well as with state agencies, can optimize church responses to human trafficking. The findings are relevant to SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). This study contributes to understanding how Pentecostal churches, as minority religious actors in a plural society, conceptualize and respond to human trafficking and provides evidence-based recommendations for strengthening interfaith collaboration, church policies, and anti-trafficking actions in plural Indonesia.
Legal Construction of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Legal Reasoning and Multireligious Ratio Legis Erfaniah Zuhriah; Su'ud Fuadi; Imam Sukadi; Jamrud Qomaruz Zaman; Siti Aisyah binti Samudin
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.39979

Abstract

Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 2 of 2023, which prohibits interfaith marriage in Indonesia, continues to generate constitutional and legal debate. Opposition is largely based on universal human rights arguments, while support emphasizes religious and moral values. This study examines the ratio legis of the prohibition within the framework of Indonesia’s Staatsfundamentalnorm. Using normative legal research with statutory, philosophical, and case-based approaches, the study finds that both doctrinal-deductive and non-doctrinal (pragmatic)-inductive reasoning support the interpretation that the prohibition aims to protect the right to religious observance and implement the first principle of Pancasila as a constitutional value. At the same time, the regulation reflects an ongoing tension between the protection of religious values and the recognition of universal human rights in Indonesia’s pluralistic legal system. The implementation of the prohibition is hindered by several legal lacunae, including regulatory disharmony, ambiguity regarding marriages conducted abroad, the use of legal circumvention strategies, and the persistence of unregistered (siri) marriages. To strengthen legal certainty and governance of diversity, this study proposes: (1) statutory regulation of interfaith marriage prohibitions that accommodates religious and cultural considerations; (2) harmonization of related regulations; (3) application of the nationality principle; (4) marriage annulment based on apostasy; and (5) prohibition of siri marriages accompanied by punitive sanctions. These measures are intended to enhance legal certainty, protect rights, and improve the management of diversity within Indonesia’s multicultural legal system through stronger institutions and greater public legal awareness. 
Living Law Multiculturalism in Interfaith Determination: Formal Integration in Criminal Justice System as a Challenge to Prevent Criminalization Vulnerable Groups Daffa Ladro Kusworo; Eva Achjani Zulfa; Saima Arifiah; Masail Ishmad Mawaqif; Rizky Julranda
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i1.44899

Abstract

The customary law provisions contained in Article 2 Paragraph 1 of the New Criminal Code allow customary law to determine whether a person can be punished or not, acting as a counterbalance to the national legal system. However, the problem lies in the inclusion of violations of customary law in Regional Regulations (Deprivation of Rights), which contradicts the dynamics of customary law, changing it from the right to live to the right to die. The interpretation of customary law violations through the codification of regional regulations, if not approached carefully, will lead to the criminalization of communities, especially vulnerable groups such as women and children. The determination of the types of actions classified as customary law through regional regulations allows for arbitrary and discriminatory practices. This study uses a normative legal method, which refers to legislation and a conceptual approach based on the doctrine of legal positivism, as well as a literature review of various research publications, books, journals, and other legal materials. The results of the study show that in the concept of interfaith determination using the analytical tool of PP 55/2025, there are five examples of customary law: Bali (Hindu), Aceh (Islam), Minangkabau (Islam), Baduy (Sunda Wiwitan), and Toraja (Aluk Todolo and Christianity). Initial trends show that religious-based customary norms are the most readily and quickly adopted into local regulations. One possible solution is the establishment of a community-led, decentralized oversight model for the process of cataloging customary law. Howefer, criticism of Article 15(1) of Government Regulation No. 55 of 2025 is that it should be revised and need not be regulated, given the diversity of fines under each customary law, so as not to undermine their legal rationale, and urge to put the supervisions authority to indigineous community.
From Ecotheology to Green Victimology: Bridging Faith-Based Environmental Ethics and Victim-Centered Legal Paradigms for Ecological Justice Asmarani Ramli; Akhmad Jafar; Siti Malaiha Dewi; Indah Sri Utari; Farida Tuharea
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Interfaith Dialogue and the Rule of Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v5i2.47839

Abstract

Global civilization is experiencing an unprecedented ecological crisis․ It is driven by extractive economic activity and projects such as the Merauke National Calculated Project in Indonesia‚ which promotes the establishment of an intensive sugarcane plantation covering an area of 560‚000 ha‚ posing a threat to biodiversity and Indigenous peoples․ The PGI (Communion of Churches in Indonesia) opposed the project‚ with ecotheological reasons․ Islamic thought also sees it as a duty to take care of nature‚ in the concept of khalifatul fil ardl (stewards of the earth). Morality and spirituality are incomplete without legal aspects․ Green victimology is introduced in this paper‚ a victim-centered legal study․ Green victimology goes beyond human victims and includes non-humans (trees‚ rivers‚ and other plants and animals) and ecosystems as victims of environmental crime․ Green victimology adopts normative legal research methods‚ using a theological-philosophical approach. The paper cites the Law Number 32/2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management‚ Job Creation Law‚ PGI documents‚ Greenpeace reports‚ and classical theological sources of Islam and Christianity․ The results show that ecotheology provides the moral awareness and spiritual responsibility, while green victimology offers legal instruments and a victim-centered approach to tackle environmental destruction. Implementing this integration faces structural barriers in Indonesia's positivist legal system. This article, therefore, proposes an operational framework for granting religious communities locus standi in environmental advocacy and extends the ecological justice framework to global contexts. This article recommendation combined both ecotheology and green victimology to construct an ecological justice framework for addressing the spiritual and structural dimensions of environmental violence in Indonesia and beyond.

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