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Atom Indonesia Journal

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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Core Subject : Science,

Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 452 Documents

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Hybrid Weakness Found in the Backcross Progeny of an Inter-Specific Cross of Oryza Sativa / O. Glumaepatula Sobrizal Sobrizal; A. Yoshimura
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.47

Hybrid breakdown expressed as sterility or weakness or both in F2 or later generations is considered to be a reproductive barrier between two distantly related taxa. Hybrid breakdown that showed poor growth habit with fertile seeds was found in the backcross progenies (BC4F2) which were derived from a cross between a cultivated rice Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung 65 and a wild rice Oryza glumaepatula Steud (Acc. IRGC 105668) where Taichung 65 was used as a recurrent parent. Through segregation analysis of BC4F2 population, a novel gene for weakness was identified, and this gene was designated as hwf1 (hybrid weakness f-1). RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis was employed to determine the chromosomal location of hwf1 gene. The result revealed that hwf1 was located between G3006 and C933 RFLP markers, with map distances of 0.5 cM and 1.9 cM, respectively, and co-segregated with C708, C820, and R288 on the short arm of chromosome 4. Since both O. glumaepatula (Acc. IRGC 105668) and Taichung 65 that was used as parents showed normal growth habit, the weakness in this study was assumed to be controlled by a set of complementary recessive genes. One of the complementary genes is hwf1 from O. glumaepatula, and another gene should be from Taichung 65, because the genetic background of the BC4F2 populations that were used for analysis is Taichung 65. The gene from Taichung 65 has not been identified yet, therefore, it is necessary to conduct the experiment for finding out the complement of hwf1 gene in near future. Received: 20 November 2008; Revised: 15 May 2009; Accepted: 16 May 2009

Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 44 No 2 ack ack
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Estimation of Phonon Dispersion Relations Using Correlation Effects Among Thermal Displacements of Atoms Y. Ishikawa; T. Sakuma; T. Hashimoto; Xianglian Xianglian; O. Kamishima; S.A. Danilkin
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Neutron diffraction measurement of powder α-Fe sample at 295 K was carried out at the high resolution powder diffractometer installed at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Crystal parameters were determined from Rietveld analysis. The correlation effects among thermal displacements of atoms were estimated from a generalized equation based on the results of fomer diffuse scattering analysis. The force constants among atoms were obtained using an equation for transforming of the correlation effects to force constants. The force constants and the crystal structure of α-Fe were used to estimate the phonon dispersion relations, phonon density of states, and specific heat by computer simulation. The obtained force constants among first-nearest-neighboring atoms is 2.3 eV/Å2 at 295 K and the specific heat is 185 meV/K at 150 K. The calculated phonon dispersion relations and specific heat of α-Fe are similar to those obtained from inelastic neutron scattering and specific heat measurements, respectively. Received: 04 October 2014; Revised: 22 January 2015; Accepted: 30 March 2015

Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Monomer onto Starch and Natural Rubber Latex Initiated by Gamma Irradiation S. Iskandar
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

To obtain the degradable plastic, the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto starch and natural rubber latex was conducted by a simultaneous irradiation technique. Gamma-ray from cobalt-60 source was used as the initiator. The grafted copolymer of starch-polymethyl methacrylate and the grafted copolymer of natural rubber-polymethyl methacrylate were mixed in the blender, and dried it in the oven. The dried grafted copolymer mixture was then molded using hydraulic press machine. The effect of irradiation dose, composition of the grafted copolymer mixture, film forming condition and recycle effect was evaluated. The parameters observed were tensile strength, gel fraction and soil burial degradability of grafted copolymer mixture. It was found that the tensile strength of grafted copolymer mixture increased by γ-ray irradiation. Increasing of the grafted copolymer of natural rubber-polymethyl methacrylate content, the gel fraction and tensile strength of the grafted copolymer mixture increased. The tensile strength of the grafted copolymer mixture was increased from 18 MPa to 23 MPa after recycled (film forming reprocessed) 3 times. The grafted copolymer mixture was degraded completely after soil buried for 6 months. Received: 20 July 2010; Revised: 04 February 2011; Accepted: 10 March 2011

Experimental and Numerical Simulation Investigation of Single-Phase Natural Circulation in a Large Scale Rectangular Loop A.R. Antariksawan; S. Widodo; M. Juarsa; S. Ismarwanti; D. Saptoadi; M.H. Kusuma; T. Ardiyati; T. M.I. Mahlia
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

In order to anticipate station blackout, the use of safety system based on passive features is highly considered in advanced nuclear power plant designs, especially after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power station accident. An example is the application of natural circulation in the emergency cooling system. To study the reliability of such an application, a research project on natural circulation was carried out. This paper describes the investigation results on the natural circulation phenomena obtained using a large rectangular experimental loop named FASSIP-01. The experiments were conducted at two different heat source powers. The experimental results are analysed using existing correlation and numerical model simulation. The RELAP5 system code is applied to model the natural circulation. FLUENT computational fluid dynamic code is used to visualize the flow distribution. The experimental results show the establishment of stable natural circulation in all heat power input with the mass flow rate of about 0.0012 kg/s. Calculation using the existing correlation shows that the experimental Reynold numbers are lower than predicted by the correlation. The computational fluid dynamics-based tool could show the three dimensional distribution of the temperature, while the model of RELAP5 predict well the dynamic of the single-phase natural circulation established in the experimental loop. It is concluded that the stable natural circulation have been established in the large rectangular loop and the model of the RELAP5 could simulate the observed natural circulation phenomenon reasonably well.

A Paradigm Shift in Low Dose Radiation Biology Z. Alatas
Atom Indonesia Vol 41, No 2 (2015): August 2015
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

When ionizing radiation traverses biological material, some energy depositions occur and ionize directly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules, the critical target. A classical paradigm in radiobiology is that the deposition of energy in the cell nucleus and the resulting damage to DNA are responsible for the detrimental biological effects of radiation. It is presumed that no radiation effect would be expected in cells that receive no direct radiation exposure through nucleus. The risks of exposure to low dose ionizing radiation are estimated by extrapolating from data obtained after exposure to high dose radiation. However, the validity of using this dose-response model is controversial because evidence accumulated over the past decade has indicated that living organisms, including humans, respond differently to low dose radiation than they do to high dose radiation. Moreover, recent experimental evidences from many laboratories reveal the fact that radiation effects also occur in cells that were not exposed to radiation and in the progeny of irradiated cells at delayed times after radiation exposure where cells do not encounter direct DNA damage. Recently, the classical paradigm in radiobiology has been shifted from the nucleus, specifically the DNA, as the principal target for the biological effects of radiation to cells. The universality of target theory has been challenged by phenomena of radiation-induced genomic instability, bystander effect and adaptive response. The new radiation biology paradigm would cover both targeted and non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation. The mechanisms underlying these responses involve biochemical/molecular signals that respond to targeted and non-targeted events. These results brought in understanding that the biological response to low dose radiation at tissue or organism level is a complex process of integrated response of cellular targets as well as extra-cellular factors. Biological understanding of the effects of radiation can be used to improve the assessment of low dose radiation risk. In this article, the mechanisms of targeted and non-targeted responses, and interrelation between the phenomena on cellular injury after exposure to low doses of radiation as they relate to low dose radiation effects will be reviewed. Received:14 October 2014; Revised:1 April 2015; Accepted: 14 April 2015

The Reevaluation of MIBI as the Ligand of 99mTc-MIBI Radiopharmaceutical for Myocardial Imaging Z. Nurlaila; I. Daruwati
Atom Indonesia Vol 34, No 1 (2008): January 2008
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Methoxy isobutyl isonitrile labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) radionuclide can be used for the evaluation of acute myocardial infarction. The 99mTc-MIBI radiopharmaceutical is available in the lyophilized-kit, which is separately packed with its radionuclide. Recently, in CNTMR-BATAN Bandung, 99mTc-MIBI radiopharmaceutical was prepared using MIBI ligand synthesized in 1996 as lyophilized-kits having the radiochemical purity less than 90 % and not accumulated in the myocardium. It could be caused by several factors, among others were technical preparation of lyophilized dry-kit and the quality of MIBI; therefore the reevaluation of the ligand for the quality improvement was needed. Firstly, MIBI ligand was recristallized. It was found that MIBI as [Cu(MIBI)4]BF4 salt was a glassy solid with the melting point of 98 -99 oC. The infra red analysis showed the presence of spectra vibration at 1085, 1180 cm-1 and 2180, 2220 cm-1 for –OCH3 and N≡C groups, respectively. The preparation of 99mTc-MIBI was performed by adding 99mTc radionuclide into new MIBI liquid-kit, then boiled in water bath for minimum period of 10 minutes. The radiochemical purity of 99mTc-MIBI was analysed by thin layer chromatographic method using absolute ethanol as a mobile phase. The pre-clinical evaluation was observed in Wistar rat and clinical studies were performed in volunter using gamma camera. It is revealed that the radiochemical purity of more than 90 % i.e. 96.83 ± 1.43 % was still stable until 24 hours storage at room temperature. The stability studies of 99mTc-MIBI in human blood plasma showed that in 6 hours, the radiochemical purity was decreased to 90.89 ± 2.90 %. Clinical application of 99mTc-MIBI with tomography techniques using gamma camera showed the distinct accumulation of radioactivity in the heart.

Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 45 No 2 cvr cvr
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 2 (2019): August 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The Utilization of Microbial Inoculants Based on Irradiated Compost in Dryland Remediation to Increase the Growth of King Grass and Maize T.R.D. Larasati; N. Mulyana; D. Sudradjat
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

This research was conducted to evaluate the capability of functional microbial inoculants to remediate drylands. The microbial inoculants used consist of hydrocarbon-degrading microbial inoculants and plant-growth-promoting microbial inoculants. Compost-based carrier was sterilized by a gamma irradiation dose of 25 kGy to prepare seed inoculants. The irradiated-compost-based hydrocarbon-degrading microbial inoculants and king grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) were used to remediate oil-sludge-contaminated soil using in-situ composting for 60 days. The results showed that they could reduce THP (total petroleum hydrocarbons) by up to 82.23%. Plant-growth-promoting microbial inoculants were able to increase the dry weight of king grass from 47.39 to 100.66 g/plant, N uptake from 415.53 to 913.67 mg/plant, and P uptake from 76.52 to 178.33 mg/plant. Cow dung and irradiated-compost-based plant-growth-promoting microbial inoculants were able to increase the dry weight of maize (Zea mays L.) from 5.75 to 6.63 ton/ha (12.54%) and dry weight of grain potential from 5.30 to 7.15 ton/ha (35.03%). The results indicate that irradiated-compost-based microbial inoculants are suitable for remediating a dryland and therefore increase potential resources and improve the quality of the environment.Received: 17 March 2015; Revised: 28 October 2015; Accepted: 28 October 2015

Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 45 No 3 prfc prfc
Atom Indonesia Vol 45, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Page 4 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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