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Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

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Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 452 Documents

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An Online Non-Invasive Condition Monitoring Method for Stepping Motor CRDM in HTGR S. Bakhri; N. Ertugrul
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) based on stepping motor is one of the components applied in High Temperature Gas Coold Reactor (HTGR) to control the reactivity as well as to maintain the safety of reactor. The stepping motor requires a unique condition monitoring to avoid any failures especially due to the specific environments of CRDM in HTGR such as the allowable of high temperature, high radiation and the location of stepper motor inside a pressure shell. This research aims to demonstrate an online non-invasive condition monitoring method without direct access to the CRDM of HTGR based on voltage and stator current measurements. A simple stepping motor CRDM simulator is employed. The online condition monitoring is carried out by direct pattern matching of the output signals of logic generator block and the output signals of motor driver. The online method utilizes signature patterns of voltage and stator current signals of the healthy motor as a baseline for healthy motor. In addition, the method is applied to detect high-resistance problem on the connector between the motor driver block and the stepper motor to show the effectiveness and the applicability of this method. The online condition monitoring system demonstrates a capability to identify a minimum detectable simulated high-resistance for about 2.9% which decreases the measured stator current and motor’s torque for around 5.1% and 3.3%, respectively. The paper also points out signatures of healthy motor, including mutual inductions of the motor’s winding in voltage and current measurement which can be used as the fault symptom indicators for online monitoring purposes.Received: 19 November 2014; Revised: 13 April 2016; Accepted: 22 June 2016

Study of Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid Onto Nata De Coco and its Application as Microfiltration Membrane T Puspitasari; CL Radiman
Atom Indonesia Vol 32, No 2 (2006): July 2006
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Chemical and physical modifications of membrane can be carried out by radiation induced graft copolymerization. The aim of this research is to prepare graft copolymers of acrylic acid onto nata de coco (NDC-g-AAc) by radiation and to study the performance of grafted copolymer as microfiltration membrane. Using a total dose of 30 kGy, the highest degree of grafting obtained were 209% and 142% for r (weight ratio of monomers to nata de coco) equal to 61.3 and 35.7 respectively. The increasing degree of grafting resulted in decreasing flux due to high hydrogen bonding between grafted acrylic groups and water. It was found that the degree of swelling of NDC-g-AAc membrane with r = 35.7 was higher than that of r = 63.1. The changes of chemical structure of membrane were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy which showed a new band at 1720 cm-1 attributed to the carbonyl group of acrylic acid

Appendix Atom Indonesia Vol 42 No 1 preface preface
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

In-vitro Degradation Behaviour of Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose Membrane D. Darwis; T. Khusniya; L. Hardiningsih; F. Nurlidar; H. Winarno
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2012): August 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Bacterial cellulose membrane synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum in coconut water medium has potential application for Guided bone Regeneration. However, this membrane may not meet some application requirements due to its low biodegradation properties. In this paper, incorporation of gamma irradiation into the membrane is a developed strategy to increase its biodegradability properties. The in–vitro degradation study in synthetic body fluid (SBF) of the irradiated membrane has been analyzed during periods of 6 months by means of weight loss, mechanical properties and scanning electron microscopy observation compared to that the un-irradiated one. The result showed that weight loss of irradiated membrane with 25 kGy and 50 kGy and immersed in SBF solution for 6 months reached 18% and 25% respectively. While un-irradiated membrane did not give significant weight loss. Tensile strength of membranes decreases with increasing of irradiation dose and further decreases in tensile strength is observed when irradiated membrane was followed by immersion in SBF solution. Microscope electron image of cellulose membranes shows that un-irradiated bacterial cellulose membrane consists of dense ultrafine fibril network structures, while irradiation result in cleavage of fibrils network of cellulose. The fibrils network become loosely after irradiated membrane immersed in SBF solution due to released of small molecular weight carbohydrates formed during by irradiation from the structure. Received: 05 December 2011; Revised: 24 September 2012; Accepted: 29 August 2012

Simulation of Spray Injection in the Pressurizer Using RELAP5 S. Dibyo; S Susyadi
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

A modeling research using Relap5 to assess the pressurizer of a pressurized water reactor(PWR) power plant has been performed. The heater and water injection systems in the pressurizer system of the PWRare of greatimportance for system pressure control.The heater is designed to increase the pressure while the water sprayer injection is to perform depressurization. Most of studies conducted in the past mainly focused on determining the effects of nozzle spray design and droplet size using testing loops. The purpose of this simulation is to analyze the spray injection flow rate against the pressure characteristics of the pressurizer using RELAP5. Through this approach, the optimum injection flow rate of full scale plant pressurizer can be analyzed. The parameters investigated are pressure and temperature.In RELAP5, the pressurizer tank wasmodeled with six volume nodes and the heater was modeled by using heat structure. In the model, the sprayer takes water from the cold leg to inject it into the top of tank region.The resultsshowedthat the mass flow of about 4 kg/s is the mosteffectivevalueto limit pressure in the pressurizer to below 15.7 MPa. However, the flow rates of 8 kg/s and more cause overpressure. This simulation is usefulto complement the data related to the water flow rate injection systems of the pressurizer.

The use of 32P Method to Evaluate the Growth of Lowland Rice Cultivated in a System of Rice Intensification (SRI) A. Citraresmini; I. Anas; Nurmayulis Nurmayulis
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2013): August 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

A pot experiment has been conducted to evaluate the growth of the Dyah Suci, a lowland rice variety, in an SRI (System of Rice Intensification) planting system. The phosphorus-32 (32P) isotope technique was used to evaluate the growth of plants in relation with their phosphorus uptake. The uptake was assumed to vary in the same direction as the growth of the plant. The 32P uptake is assumed to vary in the opposite direction to the plant’s total phosphorus uptake. Here the 32P uptake is expressed in count per minutes (cpm) which is then transformed to disintegration per minute (dpm). The results show that, in terms of promoting the plant’s uptake of phosphorus, the SRI planting system is superior to the conventional planting system, and it is manifested in the higher dry weight of straw and grain. From this experiment it is concluded that the 32P method can be used satisfactorily as a tool for explaining therelation between P-uptake and plant growth.Received: 04 Juny 2013; Revised: 22 August 2013; Accepted: 30 August 2013

Analysis of the Institutional Framework For Radioactive Waste Management in Indonesia D.S. Wisnubroto
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 2 (2009): July 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The analysis of the infrastructure for radioactive waste management in Indonesia has been studied using several parameters, i.e. policy, regulatory authorities and their regulations, implementing organizations and financial system. By considering the international trends and the Indonesian program to utilize nuclear power, the infrastructure of radioactive waste management needs to be improved. The Act No. 10/1997 on Nuclear Energy for the future beneficence will have to be amended to incorporate several missing key points on waste management, such as definition of radioactive waste, disposal of Low and Intermediate Level Waste (LILW), and classification of waste. Full involvement of some important stakeholders, especially the State Ministry of Environment, on the radioactive waste management infrastructure is required since some radioactive waste is generated from non nuclear waste. Assigning full authority to the State Ministry of Environment for regulating radioactive waste generated by non nuclear facilities may be more effective, whereas BAPETEN is still holding onto control over the waste generated from nuclear facilities. In the near future, several regulations on clearance level, classification of waste, NORM/TENORM, and financial system are expected to be set up for urgent need. By considering the high risk for handling of radioactivity, including for transportation and storage, the liability or assurance of the safety for such activities must be accounted for. Finally, establishment of financial system for long term waste management in Indonesia needs to be implemented to ensure that the radioactive waste will not be the burden on future generations.Received: 21 April 2009; Revised: 18 August 2009; Accepted: 25 August 2009

Isotopic Characterization of Precipitation, Inflow, and Outflow of Lake Toba as a First Assessment of Lake Water Balance Study P. Sidauruk; B. Pratikno; E. R. Pujiindiyati
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Isotopic characterization of all identified hydrological units in Lake Toba such as precipitation, inflows, outflows, and lake water, as a first assessment of lake water balance study, has been conducted. The isotopic characterization was done through the interpretation of the relationship of dD and d18O values of collected samples from various water sources and their variations as a function of time and space. Rain water samples were collected from four rain collectors that were installed in the study area in a monthly sampling for a period of 12 months in 2014. Several samples from various water sources i.e., inflow streams, outflows, springs, and lake water, were also collected 2-3 times during this sampling period. From monthly sampling of rain water, local meteoric water line (LMWL) and the equation of elevations versus dD values have been constructed. Due to the slightly higher temperature in the study area compared with the average temperature on the other parts of the world, the slope of the constructed LMWL is slightly less than the slope of global meteoric water line. Based on the equation of elevations versus dD values, the elevations of four springs around study area have been identified. From the linear relationship of dD and d18O values of collected samples from inflow streams, it was found that most of the samples have experienced evaporation process before entering the lake. Due to mixing with other surface water and longer transit time, the dD and d18O values of those samples from streams in the Sumatran side are more enriched than those samples from streams in the Samosir side. It was also found that lake water has experienced significant evaporation as indicated by the dD and d18O values that were more enriched than any other samples. The dD and d18O of Asahan River samples, the only output of Lake Toba, were found to be very close to the dD and d18O of the lake. This is because almost all water that flowed in Asahan River originated from the lake.

Dose-Response Curve of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes Induced by Gamma-Rays Y. Lusiyanti; Z. Alatas; M. Lubis; V.A. Suvifan; D. Ramadhani; S. Purnami
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 3 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Chromosome aberration is a biomarker to predict the level of cell damage caused by exposure to ionizing radiation on human body. Dicentric chromosome is a specific chromosome aberration caused by ionizing radiation and is used as a gold standard biodosimetry of individuals over exposed to ionizing radiation.In radiation accident the dicentric assays has been applied as biological dosimetry to estimate radiation absorbed dose and also to confirm the radiation dose received to radiation workers.The purpose of this study was to generate a dose response curve of chromosome aberration (dicentric) in human lymphocyte inducedbygamma radiation. Peripheral blood samplesfrom three non smoking healthy volunteers aged between 25-48 years old with informed consent were irradiated with dose between 0.1-4.0Gy and a control using gamma teletherapy source. The culture procedure was conducted following the IAEA standard procedures with slight modifications. Analysis of dose-response curves used was LQ model Y = a + αD + βD2. The result showed that α and β values of the curve obtained were 0.018± 0.006 and 0.013 ± 0.002,respectively. Dose response calibration curve for dicentric chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced by gamma-radiation fitted to linear quadratic model. In order to apply the dose response curve of chromosome aberration disentric for biodosimetry, this standar curve still need to be validatedReceived: 8 November 2013; Revised: 27 December 2013; Accepted: 31 December 2013

Experimental Study on the Effect of Initial Temperature on CHF in a Vertical Annulus Narrow Channel with Bilateral Heated M. Juarsa; RA. Koestoer; N. Putra; Indarto Indarto; S. Habsari
Atom Indonesia Vol 37, No 2 (2011): August 2011
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Study on understanding of the complexities of boiling in the narrow channel which was occured in a severe accident on nuclear power plant has been carried out in experimentally using simulation apparatus in order to achieve the safety management capability. Critical Heat Flux (CHF) is one important parameter to control heat during transient accident. The methodology of research is an experiment using experiment apparatus called HeaTiNG-01 test section with modifications in the outside pipe using stainless steel material as the reactor vessel wall simulation. Experiments were conducted by heating the heated rod as a simulation of debris until the desired initial temperature by bilateral heated. Then water with a saturation temperature in atmospheric was poured gravitationally into the narrow channel. Data acquisition system recorded temperature changes in transient during the cooling process. The transient temperature profile in double heating surface and rewetting point (rewet fronts) was characterized. Experiment was conducted at three initial temperature variations i.e. 650oC, 750oC and 850oC and using channel width 1 mm. Experiment data was used to calculate heat flux then to fitting CHF form boiling curve. The results showed that CHF in outer pipe is higher than heated rod, these conditions explain that more heat is released through the outer pipe, so that the heat control can be done from outside the system to reduce the temperature quickly. The average value of CHF for each vertical position 100 mm and 400 mm at outer pipe are 380 kW/m2 and 733 kW/m2, and then at the heated rod are 250 kW/m2 and 497 kW/m2. Received: 20 November 2010; Revised: 25 July 2011; Accepted: 08 August 2011

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