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INDONESIA
Atom Indonesia Journal
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 452 Documents
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Potentials of Alginates as Capping Agent for Oral Colon Delivery of Radiosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Review D. P. Perkasa; W. Arozal; M. Suhaeri
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1082

Abstract

Radiosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offer benefits for treatment of chronic colon inflammation due to their anti-inflammatory activity. Targeted delivery of AgNPs to the colon allows topical treatment at high concentration but at reduced systemic side effects. Meanwhile, related to drug administration, oral route is a common method. However, the physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract limits the AgNPs ability to achieve their therapeutic level. This is specifically related to the acidic environment of the stomach and mucus layer of the GI tract. Concurently, alginates are one of the most extensively explored biomaterial classes for drug delivery system due to its biocompatibility, gel-forming ability at mild condition, anionic nature, sensitivity, and mucoadhesiveness. In this review we provide an overview of appropriate features of alginates as capping agent for oral delivery of radiosynthesized AgNPs to the colon. As capping agents, alginates play multiple roles specific to its processing stages, i.e., radiosynthesis, stabilization of nanoparticle system, and oral colon delivery devices of AgNPs. Additionally, we describe outstanding features of alginates as capping agents for drug delivery device as well as the positive contributions of radiation processing on improving the functional effects of alginate.
Simulation of Dispersion Modeling of 137Cs for the Possible Leakage of Malaysia’s Nuclear Power Plant Operation M Muslim; F. I. Maulana; H. Suseno; S. Y. Wulandari
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1200

Abstract

The world’s energy needs increase in line with population growth. One alternative to overcome this problem is the construction of a nuclear power plant, a source of energy that is cheap, clean, and safe. Malaysia has a plan to construct nuclear power plants by 2025, which is located close to Indonesian waters. This study aimed to determine the distribution model of 137Cs radionuclide released by the nuclear power plant in the event of a leak in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia and its impact on the presence of 137Cs in Indonesian waters. A quantitative method was used in this study with a scenario 2D modeling using hydrodynamics module and transport module in MIKE software. The results showed that the highest concentration of 137Cs would be found in the area around the nuclear power plant with a value of 1011 PBq/m3, then it would decrease through diffusion and advection processes. On the 15th day, the spread of 137Cs would reach Indonesian waters with a distance of up to 76 km and would expand on the 30th day with a distance of up to 130 km from the released source. The movement of 137Cs follows the dominant current pattern due to its nature. The presence of 137Cs in Indonesian waters after the 15th and 30th days would reach a value of 1 Bq/m3 due to advection and diffusion processes.
Preface Atom Indonesia Vol 48 No 2 preface48no2 preface48no2
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1270

Abstract

Inter-Code Comparison of Computational VERA Depletion Benchmark Using OpenMC, OpenMC-ONIX and DRAGON A. Islam; T. A. Rahim; A. S. Mollah
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1191

Abstract

This research focuses on the comparative analysis of the PWR fuel assembly based on VERA depletion benchmark problems using community-developed open source Monte Carlo code OpenMC, python based burnup code system ONIX (a coupling interface for Monte Carlo code OpenMC), and deterministic DRAGON code. The depletion analysis was performed using OpenMC and ONIX with ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data library, and DRAGON with SHEM-361 based DRAGLIB format library (ENDF/B-VII.1). The code-to-code analysis on the evolution of , atom number density, and power distribution as a function of burnup has been performed and the result shows a good agreement with the maximum difference within 200 pcm at EOC. However small discrepancy around 90 pcm has been observed in  calculated by DRAGON compared to OpenMC in the presence of integral fuel burnable absorbers (IFBA). The above-mentioned codes have been validated successfully for the first time against PWR fuel assembly based on VERA depletion benchmark problems. It can be concluded that initial implementation of these codes at the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering under Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, was successful and that further research works are to be performed to utilize these codes for depletion/neutronics calculation of existing 3MW TRIGA Mark-II research reactor and VVER-type power reactor that is to be commissioned in Bangladesh.
Assessment of Radiological Hazards in Soil, Water and Plants Around Coal Power Plant S. Murniasih; D. S. Prabasiwi; S Sukirno
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1174

Abstract

The existence of a Coal-Fired Power Plant (CFPP) is suspected to affect the environment quality, especially the increment of natural radionuclides content which is found in coal as raw material.Therefore, systematic analysis of natural radionuclides (210Pb, 234Th, 238U, 228RA, 40K, 226RA and232Th) in water, soil, and plantwere conducted to establish a database of environmental contamination in the area around a CFPP. This research was conducted in the area around Adipala Cilacap CFPP which operates with two towers. Samples were taken from three locations around the Adipala CFPP based on the secondary wind direction data from Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics in the 2018 dry season. Samples were prepared in the Radiochemistry Laboratory, Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, BATAN.The concentration of radioactivity in environmental samples were analyzed using gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium detector for 24hours after reaching its secular equilibrium. The result of samples analysesshown that the mean value of the radionuclides specific activities (210Pb, 234Th, 238U, 228RA, 40K, 226RA and232Th) for water, cassava leaves, grass, and soil were 0.789 Bq/L, 14.685 Bg/kg, 15.036 Bq/Kg, and 75.083 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean of radium equivalent activity (Raeq)for water, cassava leaves, grass, and soil were 1.692, 30.792, 18.699 and 137.513 Bq/kg, respectively. The absorbed dose rate (ADR)for water, cassava leaves, grass, and soil were0.775, 14.332, 8.627, and 64.135 nGy/h, respectively, whilst the annual effective dose rate (AEDR) were 0.004, 0.070, 0.042, and 0.315 mSv/y. The mean of external and internal hazard indices(Hex and Hin) for water, cassava leaves, grass, and soil were 0.005 and 0.006, 0.083 and 0.129, 0.050 and 0.078, and 0.371 and 0.554, respectively, while the mean of excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR)wre 0.014×10-6, 0.246×10-6, 0.148×10-6, and 1.101×10-6. According to the calculation of radiation hazard index in this research, it was understood that all parameters of all samples were within acceptable limits by the world average value reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).
The Investigation of Lead Borate Glass Composites for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Shielding M. S. Ali; A. M. Abdelmonem; S. K. Elshamndy; G. M. Shoraiet; T. M. Mustafa; G. S. Hassan
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1147

Abstract

In this work, we studied the lead borate glass composites to optimize its shielding properties of thermal neutrons and gamma-rays for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) applications. Attenuation coefficients, half-value layer (HVL), and tenth-value layer (TVL) were measured for a broad range of gamma-ray energies, i.e., 356, 511, 662, 1173, 1274, and 1332 keV experimentally. Theoretical results using XCOM software show an agreement with the NaI(Tl) detector-based experimental measurements. The attenuation of collimated thermal neutrons, from Cf-252 source, was simulated using Monte Carlo-based code and compared experimentally with measurements by BF3 detector. A reasonable agreement between simulations and experiments was observed, suggesting that the shielding properties of lead borate glass (LBG) composites are monotonically increasing with the increasing of the lead and boron additives.
Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 48 No 2 ack48no2 ack48no2
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1271

Abstract

Scanning Horn Simulation Code for Electron Beam Machine Based on Boris Algorithm A. H. Shali; S Saminto; S. R. Adabiah; F. Lucyana; T Taufik
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1186

Abstract

A numerical particle simulation code package to estimate the irradiation distribution of an electron beam machine is presented. Particle-to-particle interactions are calculated using particle-in-cell method, while the equation of motion is solved using Boris algorithm. The amplitude of oscillating magnetic field distribution from the scanning horn is obtained using CST magnetic field solver. The code was run using Intel’s i7-10700 processor without multithreading. For cases where particle-to-particle interactions are negligible, the simulation requires about 10 000 seconds to finish. The results show that different shapes of signals will result in different irradiation distributions. For a relatively low magnetic oscillation frequency, it is shown that a triangular signal will result in a more evenly distributed irradiation compared to a sinusoidal signal.
Investigation of Electron Contamination on Flattened and Unflattened Varian Clinac iX 6X and 15X Photon Beam Based on Monte Carlo Simulation F. Haryanto; M. F. Rhani; C. Anam; S. Yani
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1180

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize electron contamination of a flattened (FF) and an unflattened (FFF) Varian Clinac iX 6X and 15X photon beams using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. EGSnrc MC technique was used to model the flattened and unflattened head and simulate dose distribution of 6X and 15X of FF and FFF photon beam in water phantom. The materials and geometrical data of FF linac were provided by Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) Singapore. The FFF linac was modeled by removing the flattening filter component in the FF linac. Phase space files were scored after flattening filter and in the phantom surface. The phsp files were analyzed to characterize the particles produced by the linac head using BEAMDP. The contaminants contribute around 1 % and 2 % in the phsp1 for flattened and unflattened beams, respectively. The photons are scattered in small-angle in the range of 0 – 4o. The contaminant electron contributes up to one hundredth compared to the photons. The increase of field area affects the increase in contaminants and penumbra width due to the increasing number of particle scattered out of the field area. The unflattened beam affects the increase in the number of electron contamination and surface dose. The penumbra width of the flattened beams was smaller than the unflattened beams for the same field size and energy.
Acknowledgement Atom Indonesia Vol 48 No 3 ack48no3 ack48no3
Atom Indonesia Vol 48, No 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2022.1284

Abstract

Page 42 of 46 | Total Record : 452

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