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Thahirah Arief
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INDONESIA
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Published by Candela Edutech Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30902568     DOI : https://doi.org/10.63288/jgcee.v1i1.1
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Aim and Scope : ✅ Green Chemical Processes ✅ Renewable Energy Technologies ✅ Waste Management and Valorization ✅ Pollution Control and Mitigation ✅ Sustainable Materials ✅ Sustainable Process ✅ Food Chemistry ✅ Environmental Risk Assessment ✅ Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology ✅ Water and Wastewater Treatment ✅ Climate Change Mitigation ✅ Environmental Chemistry ✅ Biochemistry and Biotechnology ✅ Education in Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 23 Documents
 1   2   3 
The Effectiveness Of Coagulant Stems And Seeds Of Moringa Oleifera In Improving The Quality Of Well Water Rezky Awaliah Rusmah; Lili Adriani
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i3.12

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of natural coagulants derived from Moringa oleifera specifically seeds, stems, and their mixtures in improving well water quality through a coagulation treatment process. Coagulants were prepared by drying and grinding mature Moringa seeds and stems, then applied to 1000 mL samples of well water stirred at 10 rpm for 20 minutes. The coagulant dosages tested were 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g, and 3 g, with combination ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (seed : stem). Water quality parameters measured before and after treatment included turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, nitrite (NO₂), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Results showed that the Moringa seed coagulant exhibited the highest removal efficiency across most parameters, particularly in reducing turbidity, TSS, Fe, and Mn concentrations. The optimal dose for all coagulants was identified as 0.5 g per 1000 mL, beyond which removal efficiency declined or plateauedlikely due to particle restabilization. Mixtures of seed and stem showed moderate effectiveness but did not outperform seed-only treatments, indicating that the active coagulating agents are more concentrated in the seeds. These findings highlight the potential of Moringa seed powder as a low-cost, sustainable, and efficient natural coagulant for decentralized water purification, particularly in rural or resource-constrained areas where access to chemical coagulants is limited.
Enhanced Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Textile Wastewater using TiO₂ Modified Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon: Optimization and Mechanistic Assessment Olowonyo Idayat. A; Sole-Adeoye Opeoluwa. D; Salam Kazeem. K; Aremu Mujidat. O; Oreofe Toyin. A; Akinwumi Odunayo. D; Owolabi Stephen. O
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i3.11

Abstract

Malachite Green Dye (MGD), a toxic dye commonly discharged by textile industries, poses environmental and health risks. Simultaneously, the disposal of palm kernel shells (PKS), a byproduct of palm oil production, remains an underexploited resource. This study explores the use of activated carbon derived from PKS, modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP), for the adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized for its structural and surface chemistry. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of dosage (0.5-2.5 g), contact time (30-150 min), agitation (100-300 rpm), and temperature (30-60 °C). Process optimization was carried out using the Box-Behnken design under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) framework. Additionally, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses were performed to gain insights into the adsorption mechanism. Numerical optimization revealed a maximum dye removal of 92.6%. Kinetic analysis supported pseudo-second-order behavior, indicating chemisorption, while thermodynamic data confirmed a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorbent showed effective regeneration over five cycles, maintaining high efficiency. The prepared adsorbent exhibited a fixed carbon content of 69.50%, while the presence of functional groups involved in dye binding was confirmed through FTIR analysis. These results underscore the potential of PKSAC-TiO₂ as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for dye-laden wastewater treatment.
Sustainable Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells into Activated Carbon for the Removal of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from Industrial Paint Wastewater Sole-Adeoye, Opeoluwa; Olowonyo, Idayat; Salam, Kazeem; Adedayo, Oreofe; Akinwumi, Odunayo; Owolabi, Stephen
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i3.14

Abstract

Industrial paint effluents are major contributors to aquatic heavy metal contamination, creating serious environmental and public health concerns. Conventional treatment methods are often costly and unsustainable, underscoring the need for renewable and effective alternatives. In this study, palm kernel shells (PKS), an abundant agricultural byproduct, were valorized into activated carbon (PKS-AC) for the removal of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions from real paint effluent. The adsorbent was prepared through chemical activation and high-temperature carbonization, yielding a material with high fixed carbon content (69.2%) and reduced volatile matter (14.0%), which provided structural stability and enhanced adsorption sites. Batch adsorption experiments revealed optimal conditions at pH 7, 90 minutes, 2.0 g/L dosage, and 55 °C, achieving removal efficiencies of 68.75% (Cu²⁺) and 67.50% (Zn²⁺). Kinetic modeling followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption, while thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process to be spontaneous and endothermic. Importantly, regeneration tests showed PKS-AC retained strong performance over multiple cycles, highlighting its reusability. The novelty of this work lies in demonstrating the efficacy of PKS-derived activated carbon for treating real industrial paint wastewater, rather than synthetic solutions, while providing a complete evaluation of adsorption performance, kinetics, thermodynamics, and reusability. These findings establish PKS-AC as a sustainable, cost-effective, and circular-economy-driven adsorbent for large-scale wastewater treatment.
Nanostructured Sodium Molybdate Anodes for Enhanced Bioelectricity Generation and sustainable Wastewater Treatment in Microbial Fuel Cells Akinwumi Odunayo. D; Agarry Samuel. E; Aremu Mujidat. O; Olowonyo Idayat. A; Sole-Adeoye Opeoluwa. D; Fajobi Omoteniola. T; Oloyede Victoria. I; Abioye Oyindamola; Odunola Olufolake Adebamke; Popoola Adewemimo.O
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i3.13

Abstract

Abattoir wastewater (ABW) is characterized by extremely high organic loads, posing serious environmental and management challenges. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate, highlighting the urgent need for advanced, sustainable technologies. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a promising dual solution by integrating wastewater treatment with renewable bioelectricity generation; however, their performance is limited by inefficient anode materials. To address this gap, this study investigates sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO₄·2H₂O) nanoparticles as a novel catalyst for anode modification in MFCs treating ABW. The nanoparticles were synthesized using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and characterized by UV-Vis spectra, FT-IR (functional groups), XRD (size and crystal structure) and TEM (morphology), revealing non-uniform particles within 20–100 nm. MFCs performances were evaluated by comparing Na2MoO₄ coated (doped) electrodes with unmodified graphite electrodes. Results demonstrated a significant enhancement, with the nano-coated electrode achieving a maximum voltage of 899 mV, power density of 1896 mW/m², current density of 2246 mA/m² at 3500 Ω, and 69.9% COD removal efficiency. These findings confirm that Na2MoO₄ based nanostructured anodes can substantially improve both energy recovery and pollutant removal in MFCs, offering a sustainable approach for treating high-strength industrial effluents such as ABW
Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Engineering Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Challenges and Future Prospects Giwa, Samuel Boluwatife; Sulayman, Aminah Abolore; Salam, Kazeem Kolapo; Araromi, Dauda Olurotimi
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i3.15

Abstract

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is revolutionizing the field of engineering through the solution of challenging, nonlinear, and high-dimensional problems. This review examines how RL enriches the subjects of engineering, such as optimization of industrial processes. Current techniques in optimization and control are inefficient for some complex systems, but RL serves as a better alternative through real-time optimization, product quality improvement, and optimization of process efficiency. The article focuses on recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects for extended integration of RL in engineering and its possibility to revolutionize the field. It also states its limitations and suggestions for future research. The review serves as a good source of information for researchers and engineers determined to remain up to date with recent advancements in RL for intelligent engineering systems and extend its development.
Adsorption Equilibrium Isotherm Study of Gold Removal Using Regenerated Activated Carbon from Cyanidation Leachate Liwang, Abdul Rahim
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i4.16

Abstract

Regenerated activated carbon is a type of activated carbon that is reused in adsorption processes after undergoing elution and regeneration. This study evaluates the adsorption performance of regenerated activated carbon compared to fresh activated carbon based on the Freundlich isotherm constant and adsorption heterogeneity. Adsorption experiments were carried out on gold-bearing cyanidation leach solutions with an initial gold concentration of 0.804 mg/L using various activated carbon dosages of 0.25 g/L, 0.50 g/L, 1.0 g/L, 2.0 g/L, 4.0 g/L, and 8.0 g/L. All other parameters affecting absorptivity were kept constant for each dosage, including an adsorbate volume of 0.5 L, free cyanide concentration of 200 mg/L, agitation speed of 150 rpm, contact time of 5 hours, ambient temperature, pH of 10.5, and activated carbon particle size between 1.18-2.36 mm. The results indicate that the Freundlich adsorption constant (Kf) of regenerated activated carbon was 1370 (log Kf = 3.1368), closely comparable to that of fresh activated carbon, which was 1632 (log Kf = 3.2127). The adsorption heterogeneity index (1/n) for regenerated activated carbon was 0.47, also like that of fresh activated carbon (0.46). The optimum dosage of regenerated activated carbon was found to be 4 g/L, yielding a gold adsorption efficiency of 98.7% with a relative activity of 100% compared to fresh carbon, and resulting in a low residual gold concentration of 0.011 mg/L
Optimization of Halal Bioadsorbent Particle Size from Pyrolysis Products of Coconut Trunk Sawdust for the Purification of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Aladin, Andi; Rasyid, Rismawati; Syarif, Takdir; Annisa, Siti Nur; Nurul Faradillah
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i4.17

Abstract

One of the critical challenges in the virgin coconut oil (VCO) industry is the selection of crude VCO filtration media that must be strictly guaranteed halal, since VCO is widely used as a food ingredient and for medicinal purposes. In this study, coconut trunk sawdust waste was utilized as a raw material and converted into charcoal through a pyrolysis process. The resulting charcoal was then applied as a bioadsorbent for crude VCO filtration. This article reports the effect of bioadsorbent particle size variations, specifically -/20, 20/50, 50/100, 100/140, 140/200, and 200/- mesh, to determine the optimum particle size that provides the highest VCO clarity. The experiments were conducted under constant conditions with a bioadsorbent-to-VCO ratio of 2% (g/mL) and a filtration time of 10 minutes. The optimum particle size was obtained at 50/100 mesh (200 µm), which resulted in maximum VCO clarity with a turbidity value of 1.48 NTU. Based on this optimum particle size, the filtered VCO showed desirable quality parameters, including lauric acid content of 51.96%, total suspended solids of 5.77%, density of 0.95 g/mL, total plate count (TPC) <10 CFU/mL, and moisture content of 0.0235%. These characteristics meet both the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and international standards of the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC). Moreover, the resulting VCO exhibited better clarity than commercial VCO filtered using paper or cloth media (1.59 NTU), while also ensuring halal integrity through the use of bioadsorbent derived from pyrolyzed coconut trunk sawdust
Activated Carbon from Sawdust Biomass Via ZnCl₂ and NaOH Activation for Water Biofiltration Applications Hamid, Syarwan; Gusnawati; Thahirah Arief; Muh. Ilham Anggamulia; Hijrah Amaliah Azis; Muh Arman
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i4.18

Abstract

The declining availability of fossil energy sources in Indonesia has driven the development of renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives, including the utilization of biomass waste such as teak sawdust (Tectona grandis L.F.). This study aims to produce activated carbon via pyrolysis and chemical activation using ZnCl₂ and NaOH for water filtration applications. Pyrolysis was conducted at 300-400°C with biomass-to-activator ratios of 1:3, 1:5, and 1:7. SEM analysis revealed that chemical activation increased pore number and size; ZnCl₂ produced larger and more complex pore structures, while NaOH resulted in more uniform pores. FTIR spectra showed a reduction in hydroxyl (O–H), carbonyl (C=O), and ether (C–O) groups with increasing temperature, along with the emergence of aromatic (C=C) bands, indicating enhanced carbonization and structural stability. NaOH activation at 380°C yielded the highest iodine adsorption (1124 mg/g), while ZnCl₂ was optimal at 320 °C (980 mg/g). These results demonstrate that teak sawdust-derived activated carbon possesses a microporous structure and functional surface groups suitable for water purification and efficient removal of organic contaminants
Vertical Distribution of Silica Content Based on Drill Hole Depth in a Nickel Laterite Deposit, Towara Village, North Morowali, Indonesia A.N, Difri Candra; Ihsyam, Muhammad
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v1i4.19

Abstract

This study aims to observe the relationship between SiO₂ content and Ni content with variations in the depth of laterite nickel production in the Towara area. The independent variable was nickel extraction at depths of 1, 5, 10, and 15 meters from four drill holes spaced 100 meters apart. The dependent variable was nickel ore samples. Samples were obtained through drilling activities, followed by wet and dry preparation, including size reduction, drying, grinding to 200 mesh, and pelletization, before being analyzed using XRF according to the JIS M-8109-1996 standard. The results of the study showed a negative relationship between SiO₂ content and Ni content. A depth of 10 meters had the highest Ni content of 1.977 % at a medium SiO₂ content of 33.577 %. A depth of 15 meters showed a very high SiO₂ content (>66%) with a low Ni content (<0.3 %). The Limonite and Saprolite zones dominated the interval with high Ni content, while the Bedrock and Below Laterite Deposit zones were dominated by high SiO₂ and low Ni content. An increase in silica content at a certain depth indicates a decrease in nickel enrichment potential, making silica an important parameter in evaluating nickel prospect zones.
Optimization of Biodegradable Films from Avocado Seed Starch Using Response Surface Methodology Rachmah, Alif Nur Laili; Badaruddin, Sabrianah; Trisnantari, Tamaratritania Citta; Rahanra, Geraldi; Sekaringgalih, Ratri
Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Green Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Candela Edutech Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63288/jgcee.v2i1.23

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and optimize biodegradable films based on avocado seed starch (Persea americana) using glycerol as a plasticizer and chitosan and carrageenan as fillers. The film formulation was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design to evaluate the effects of formulation variables on biodegradability and mechanical properties. The biodegradability values ranged from 31.93 % to 51.94 %, indicating that all films were biodegradable. Increasing glycerol and carrageenan concentrations significantly increased biodegradability, while higher chitosan concentration improved tensile strength but reduced biodegradability. The optimal formulation was obtained at 2.96 % glycerol, 1.56 % chitosan, and 2.85 % carrageenan, with a predicted biodegradability of 53.11 %. The results indicate a trade-off between mechanical strength and biodegradability, where higher plasticizer content enhances degradation but reduces tensile strength. This study demonstrates that RSM optimization is effective in producing biodegradable films with balanced mechanical and environmental performance, highlighting the potential of avocado seed starch as a sustainable packaging material.

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