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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Green Chemistry
Published by CV. Science Tech Group
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30644720     DOI : 10.69930
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The Indonesian Journal of Green Chemistry is a peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to advancing the science and practice of green chemistry. The journal aims to disseminate high quality research that supports the development of sustainable chemical processes and products, minimizing the use of hazardous substances, reducing waste, and promoting energy efficiency. IJGC publishes original research articles, reviews, and short communications addressing challenges and providing solutions in green chemistry. The journal encourages interdisciplinary research and collaboration, especially those that bridge chemistry and environmental science. By publishing with IJGC, authors contribute to a global effort toward a more sustainable future where chemical processes are designed with the health of the planet and its inhabitants in mind.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 2 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Available online" : 2 Documents clear
Catalytic Enhancement of Gmelinol Yield from Gmelina arborea Leaves: Process Optimization and Reproducibility Ibrahim, Haruna; Ali , Abubakar M.; Jibrin, Mohammed Danjuma
Indonesian Journal of Green Chemistry Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Available online
Publisher : Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/ijgc.v3i1.651

Abstract

Gmelinol, a bioactive lignan derived from Gmelina arborea, exhibits significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. Despite its pharmacological potential, existing extraction methods are largely qualitative, poorly reproducible, and lack quantitative yield metrics. This study addresses these gaps by developing a reproducible and statistically validated catalytic process for gmelinol production from Gmelina arborea leaves using barium chloride-catalyzed thermal hydrolysis. The effects of reaction time (10-50 min) on gmelinol yield were systematically investigated at 80 °C. Optimal conditions were identified at 40 min, yielding 17.90% (437.12 mg/g) of gmelinol with excellent reproducibility (coefficient of variation = 3.95%). Statistical analyses, including paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA, confirmed that reaction time significantly influenced yield (p<0.001), while Tukey HSD post-hoc tests validated 40 min as the optimal duration. Prolonged reaction times led to yield reduction, indicative of product degradation. This work provides the first quantitative, mass-based yield benchmark for gmelinol extraction, establishing a reliable and scalable catalytic route that enhances both efficiency and reproducibility. The findings support the sustainable valorization of G. arborea leaf biomass for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
Renewable Pathways to O-Decyl Hydroxylamine: Mild Thermal Hydrolysis of Gmelina arborea Leaves Using Barium Chloride Ibrahim, Haruna; Ali, Abubakar M.; Jibrin, Mohammed Danlami
Indonesian Journal of Green Chemistry Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Available online
Publisher : Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/ijgc.v3i1.657

Abstract

O-Decyl hydroxylamine is a high-value nitrogen-functionalized intermediate with wide industrial relevance in fine chemicals, antioxidants, surfactants, and advanced material formulations. However, its conventional synthesis relies predominantly on petrochemical feedstocks, halogenated reagents, and multistep processes that raise concerns regarding sustainability, energy intensity, and environmental impact. In this study, a mild and sustainable barium chloride (BaCl2)-catalyzed thermal hydrolytic process is developed for the direct production of O-decyl hydroxylamine from Gmelina arborea leaf biomass, an abundant and underutilized lignocellulosic resource. The reaction was conducted in aqueous medium at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range of 60-90 °C and catalyst loadings of 0.5-1.0 wt%. Product formation was confirmed by GC-MS following derivatization, while process performance was evaluated through yield determination, reproducibility assessment, and rigorous statistical analysis. The results reveal a strong temperature-catalyst interaction governing product yield. Maximum yield (106.5 mg g⁻¹) with excellent reproducibility (CV < 5%) was achieved at 90 °C using 0.5 wt% BaCl2, whereas higher temperatures favoured lower catalyst loading. Two-sample t-tests, Welch’s t-test, and Tukey HSD post-hoc analysis confirmed that temperature exerts a more dominant influence than catalyst loading, with statistically significant differences observed under specific operating conditions (p < 0.05). The developed process operates under low-severity conditions, avoids hazardous reagents, and demonstrates high precision and robustness. Overall, this work establishes a statistically validated and energy-efficient pathway for producing O-decyl hydroxylamine directly from biomass, advancing sustainable chemical manufacturing and supporting the development of renewable, bio-based fine chemicals in alignment with SDGs 9 and 12.

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