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INDONESIA
Legal Note
Published by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31102344     DOI : https://doi.org/10.70716/legalnote
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Legal Note (LEGALNOTE) is a national scientific journal of Law. A double-blind, peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra, with registered number of e-ISSN: 3110-2344. LEGALNOTE publishes scholarly articles and research related to legal studies, socio-legal analysis, and public policy implications. It aims to provide a platform for academics, researchers, and practitioners to disseminate knowledge and engage in critical discussions on contemporary legal issues within Indonesia and global perspective. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary approaches, particularly those integrating legal theory with sociological, criminological, and cultural perspectives such as islamic family law, sharia economic law, and business law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 25 Documents
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Transparansi Algoritma Kecerdasan Buatan sebagai Instrumen Perlindungan Hak Pengguna di Indonesia Kevin Ardiansyah; Intan Permatasari; Muhammad Rayhan
Legal Note Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Legal Note, July 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/legalnote.v2i3.340

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has expanded the use of automated decision-making systems across various sectors, creating a growing need to protect users' rights through accountable governance. Algorithmic transparency has become an increasingly important issue because AI systems may generate bias, discrimination, and difficulties for users in understanding the basis of decisions that affect their rights and interests. This study aims to analyze algorithmic transparency as an instrument for protecting users' rights and its implications for strengthening Indonesia's legal framework. The study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through a literature review of relevant regulations, official documents, and scholarly publications. The findings indicate that algorithmic transparency plays a strategic role in strengthening accountability, enhancing explainability, supporting algorithmic audits, and reducing the risk of discrimination in the use of artificial intelligence systems. The analysis also demonstrates that international regulatory developments, particularly the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, provide a risk-based regulatory model that may serve as a reference for developing AI governance in Indonesia while considering the characteristics of the national legal system. The study concludes that strengthening algorithmic transparency should become a fundamental principle of artificial intelligence regulation to ensure the protection of users' rights, enhance legal certainty, and support the responsible use of AI.
Pertanggungjawaban Hukum atas Penggunaan Data Berhak Cipta dalam Pelatihan Model Kecerdasan Buatan Reza Alif Nugraha; Nabila Maharani; Yoga Pratama
Legal Note Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Legal Note, July 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/legalnote.v2i3.341

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has increased the use of copyrighted works as training data for AI models, creating legal issues concerning copyright protection and legal certainty for the parties involved. The absence of explicit legal provisions governing the use of copyrighted works as training data under Indonesia's Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014 has intensified the need for a legal liability framework capable of balancing copyright protection with technological innovation. This study aims to analyze legal liability for the use of copyrighted data in artificial intelligence model training under Indonesian copyright law by considering recent international regulatory developments and legal practices. This study employed normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through the analysis of legislation, judicial decisions, legal doctrines, and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence model training involves the reproduction of copyrighted works that may generate legal consequences, while the current Indonesian legal framework does not provide explicit legal certainty regarding the permissibility of such training activities. The study also finds that legal liability should take into account the respective roles of model developers, dataset providers, distribution platforms, and end users, supported by mechanisms for dataset transparency, text and data mining regulation, and appropriate licensing schemes. This study concludes that reform of Indonesian copyright law is necessary to establish legal certainty while maintaining an appropriate balance between copyright protection and the development of artificial intelligence.
Dark Patterns pada Platform Digital dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia Dimas Aditya Prakoso; Aulia Safitri; Fajar Ramadhan
Legal Note Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Legal Note, July 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/legalnote.v2i3.342

Abstract

Indonesia's rapid digital economic growth has increased the use of digital platforms across various transactions while simultaneously giving rise to dark patterns that influence consumer decision-making through manipulative interface design. This development creates new challenges for consumer protection because the existing legal framework does not explicitly regulate manipulation through digital interface design and choice architecture. This study aims to analyze the practice of dark patterns on digital platforms in Indonesia, identify gaps in the existing consumer protection framework, and formulate directions for strengthening regulations to enhance legal protection for consumers. The study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and library research approaches by examining legislation, scholarly literature, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that dark patterns exploit interface design, algorithms, and user data processing to influence consumer behavior, thereby reducing consumer autonomy and weakening the effectiveness of consumer protection. The study also finds that Indonesian regulations remain focused on misleading information and have not specifically addressed manipulation through interface design, highlighting the need for stronger regulations, fair interface design standards, and more adaptive supervisory mechanisms in response to digital technological developments. The study concludes that strengthening digital consumer protection requires legal recognition of dark patterns as a form of manipulation in electronic transactions and closer integration between consumer protection law, digital platform governance, and oversight of personal data utilization.  
Akuntabilitas Hukum Deepfake dalam Perspektif Hukum Indonesia: Studi Hukum Normatif Arga Prasetyo; Nadine Khairunnisa
Legal Note Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Legal Note, July 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/legalnote.v2i3.343

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has significantly enhanced the capability to create deepfake content that closely replicates authentic faces, voices, and videos, creating new challenges for Indonesia's legal system. The existing legal framework remains fragmented across multiple regulatory regimes, resulting in an accountability system that has not yet provided adequate legal certainty for victims or actors within the generative AI ecosystem. This study aims to analyze legal accountability for the misuse of deepfake technology from the perspective of Indonesian law and to formulate a more comprehensive liability framework. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through the analysis of legislation, scholarly literature, and international instruments related to artificial intelligence and deepfake technology. The findings indicate that Indonesia's current legal framework addresses deepfake issues in a sectoral manner and has not adequately accommodated the technological characteristics involving AI developers, platform providers, users, and other parties within a single chain of responsibility. The study further demonstrates that a layered accountability approach integrating personal data protection, civil liability, criminal liability, platform governance, and AI risk management provides a more appropriate framework for addressing the complexity of deepfake misuse. The study concludes that Indonesia requires a more comprehensive and adaptive legal accountability framework to ensure balanced protection for victims, legal certainty, and the sustainable development of artificial intelligence innovation.
Perlindungan Hukum Anak di Ruang Digital Pasca Penerapan PP 17/2025 dan Permen Komdigi 9/2026 Naufal Pradana; Shafira Maheswari; Dimas Alfarizi
Legal Note Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Legal Note, July 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Kalibra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/legalnote.v2i3.344

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has increased children's engagement with the digital environment while expanding risks related to privacy, personal data protection, exposure to harmful content, and exploitation through digital platforms. In response to these challenges, the Indonesian Government enacted Government Regulation Number 17 of 2025 concerning the Governance of Electronic System Implementation for Child Protection and the Regulation of the Ministry of Communication and Digital Number 9 of 2026 to strengthen the legal responsibilities of electronic system providers in protecting children in the digital environment. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of children in the digital environment following the implementation of Government Regulation Number 17 of 2025 and the Regulation of the Ministry of Communication and Digital Number 9 of 2026 and to assess their conformity with the evolving principles of children's rights in the digital environment. The study employed normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches through library research on legislation, scholarly literature, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that both regulations have shifted the child protection paradigm from a content-control approach to digital platform governance by assigning electronic system providers primary responsibility for child protection through age verification, personal data protection, risk management, and child-friendly service design. The study also demonstrates that Indonesia's regulatory direction is consistent with international principles on children's rights in the digital environment, although implementation continues to face challenges related to the effectiveness of age verification, supervisory capacity, and consistent regulatory enforcement. The study concludes that Government Regulation Number 17 of 2025 and the Regulation of the Ministry of Communication and Digital Number 9 of 2026 have established a more comprehensive legal framework for protecting children in the digital environment, while successful implementation depends on stronger oversight, greater compliance by electronic system providers, and continuous policy evaluation.

Page 3 of 3 | Total Record : 25

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