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BULETIN FISIKA
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 14114690     EISSN : 25809733     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24843/BF
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
Aims and Scope Aims The Journal aims to promote the theory and application in the field of physics and to encourage a vigorous dialogue among scholars and researchers worldwide. It presents original research articles, letters, and review articles, and publishes the latest achievements and developments in physics and related fields. All contributions shall be rigorously refereed and selected based on the quality and originality of the work as well as the breadth of interest to readers. Accepted papers will immediately appear online. The Journal welcomes contributions that the manuscript is written in Indonesian or English. Scope The scope of this journal covers pure and applied physics. The topics include advanced material, optoelectronics, laser applications, biophysics, medical physics, instrumentation, geophysics, environmental physics, and related fields.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 51 Documents
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Unlocking Drug Delivery Potential: The Crucial Role of Liposome Mechanical Properties Gregoria
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p02

Abstract

The mechanical properties of liposomes play a critical role in determining their stability, drug release behavior, biodistribution, and interaction with biological barriers. These properties are primarily governed by lipid composition, including the degree of acyl chain saturation, tail length, and headgroup charge. Cholesterol incorporation is a widely used strategy to increase membrane rigidity by condensing the bilayer and reducing permeability. Temperature also modulates mechanical behavior, with liposomes transitioning from a rigid gel phase below the lipid phase transition temperature to a more fluid and permeable liquid-crystalline phase above it. Structural features such as liposome size and lamellarity further influence mechanical performance, larger liposomes tend to be more flexible, whereas multilamellar vesicles exhibit greater stiffness. Precisely controlling liposome stiffness through careful manipulation of their mechanical properties is a fundamental design principle for creating more effective nanocarriers in cancer therapy. Achieving moderate liposome stiffness is particularly advantageous, as it can result in extended circulation within the bloodstream and enhanced accumulation within tumors by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect.
Design and Construction of a Portable and Real-Time Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) for CO2 Gas Leaks Novia Masni Dwi Putri; Abdul Muid; Nina Siti Aminah; Irfan Dwi Aditya
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p01

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the second most abundant contributor to the greenhouse effect after water vapor. Its atmospheric concentration has continued to rise over the past decade, correlating with the increase in global average temperature. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technological approach designed to reduce CO₂ emissions by capturing CO₂ from industrial sources, transporting it to designated sites, and storing it securely. Continuous monitoring of CO₂ levels plays a critical role in CCS operations to ensure that stored CO₂ does not leak back into the atmosphere. This study presents a portable, real-time monitoring system for detecting CO₂ leakage using an MG-811 sensor integrated with an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The system utilizes long-range communication networks for data transmission, enabling real-time visualization and analysis. In contrast to previous research, the proposed system not only displays concentration data but also includes an early warning feature and user-friendly visualization. It is powered by solar energy, allowing autonomous operation in remote areas.The results demonstrate that the sensor responds effectively to variations in gas concentration and environmental parameters. The system provides leakage vulnerability alerts using three categories: SAFE, ALERT, and DANGER. This approach enables faster identification of potential CO₂ leakage, supporting earlier and more effective mitigation actions.
Designing Phantom Femur Using Gypsum Material as an Alternative to Human Bone in the Radiology Department of Simpang Lima Gumul Hospital Kediri Vike Meidina; Yuniar Alam; Ulfa Niswatul Khasanah
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p03

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the similarity of radiation characteristics between femur phantoms and human bones. A total of six samples were used, made of gypsum composed of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4•1/2H2O). The femur phantoms used were ± 2.5 cm long with a diameter of 14 cm. The cassette used measured 30x40cm. Based on the test results at Simpang Lima Gumul Regional General Hospital, the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value of the phantom was 1084.74 HU, and the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value of real bone was 1598.8 HU, with a difference of 32.15%. The HU value of the bone in axial scanning ranged from +800.15 HU to +1112.03 HU, and in helical scanning ranged from +852.57 HU to +1188.28 HU, with a tolerance range between +700 HU and +3000 HU. The femur phantom fabricated from gypsum demonstrated an average Hounsfield Unit value of 1084.74 HU, falling within the tolerance range of natural bone (700–3000 HU), thereby resembling the radiological density of bone.
Utilisation of Weather Radar, Satellites, and ECMWF Models in Analysing Atmospheric Conditions during Hail Events (Case Study: Hail in Depok City on 28 October 2024) Pertiwi Risky Setyowatri; Muhizzadin Abdul Adzan; Ogi Rahmawan Adi Saputro; Achmad Zakir; Aditya Mulya
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p06

Abstract

Hail is precipitation in the form of ice particles that form from the tops of intense convective clouds and fall to the surface before they have time to melt. Hail is relatively rare in tropical regions compared to rainfall, but it has the potential to cause damage to property and infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the atmospheric processes involved in the hail that occurred in Depok on October 28, 2024, using a multi-instrument approach based on weather radar, Himawari-9 RGB day microphysics satellite imagery, and ECMWF model data. The results show the development of cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds with reflectivity >55 dBZ at 08:18 UTC in the Bojong Pondok Terong and Kalimulya sub-districts and at 08:42 UTC in the Pancoran Mas sub-district. There was the emergence of weak echo region and overhang echo structures indicating strong updrafts, VIL values >20 mm, and a probability of hail (ZHAIL) >80%. RGB day microphysics confirmed the presence of cold, thick, and intense Cb clouds in Depok through the dominance of orange-red colors and indications of overshooting tops at 08:20 - 08:50 UTC. In addition, ECMWF shows high humidity at the 980 - 590 mb layer and a vertical velocity pattern that supports updrafts to the formation of downdrafts carrying hail. These findings are expected to enrich the comprehensive understanding of the hail phenomenon in Indonesia and to add much-needed historical records to improve operational threshold determination, thereby producing more accurate predictions and strengthening future mitigation efforts.
Mechanical Study of Paving Block Based on High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Polymer With The Addition of Natural Fiber Filler (Rice Husk, Silica Sand and Sugar Cane Bagassa) Syahdad Aziz; Mursalin Mursalin; Muh. Fachrul Latief; A. Indra Wulandari Ramadani; Setiawan Dewa Gede Eka; Idawati Supu
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p07

Abstract

This research has succeeded in making HDPE polymer-based paving blocks with the addition of natural fiber fillers consisting of 3 types, namely rice husks, bagasse, and silica sand. The aim is to see the composition and mechanical properties of the best paving blocks with HDPE plastic waste as a polymer. The method used in this research is experimental, namely making paving blocks directly as the main approach, then analyzing their mechanical properties. The composition ratio between the polymer and the filler consists of 30%, 70%, 50%, 50% and 70%, 30%, respectively. The samples that were successfully made were then tested (compressive strength, porosity) and characteristic tests (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF).
Study of Atmospheric Dynamics during the Quasi-Linear Convective System Event in West Sumatra (Case Study of March 11, 2025) Karmelita Asri Widyandaru; Panji Kuswanaji; Ahmad Irsyad Saputra; Achmad Zakir; Aditya Mulya
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p05

Abstract

Quasi-Linear Convective System (QLCS) is an organized quasi-linear convective cloud structure that produces heavy rainfall. This study uses a single explanatory case study method on QLCS that occurred in West Sumatra on 11 March 2025. This study aims to explain the atmospheric dynamic mechanisms in convective system formation and their relationship with rainfall. Doppler C-Band weather radar data from the Padang Meteorological Station were used to analyze QLCS using Lombardo and Colle (2010) criteria. Radar products, including Column Maximum Reflectivity (CMAX) and Surface Rainfall Intensity (SRI), along with ERA5 reanalysis data, were used to examine cloud structure, rainfall intensity, and supporting atmospheric conditions. QLCS had length of 56.81 km, width 8.10 km, maximum reflectivity of 53 dBZ, and 60 minutes lifetime. The system developed due to low-level wind convergence supported by unstable atmospheric conditions, indicated by moderate to high Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) values (1000–2000 J kg⁻¹), upward air motion in 700–400 hPa layer, and high mid-level humidity. During the mature phase, QLCS produced heavy rainfall with a maximum intensity of 51 mm/hour. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of the relationship between atmospheric dynamics and regional mitigation efforts by examining rainfall associated with QLCS events.
Deteksi Lapisan Bawah Permukaan di Desa Wajok Hilir Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger Aisyah Rafa; Zulfian Zulfian; Radhitya Perdhana; Joko Sampurno; Irfana Diah Faryuni
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p04

Abstract

Research on the detection of subsurface layers using the Wenner-Schlumberger resistivity geoelectrical method was conducted in Wajok Hilir Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan Province. This research employed a Geotitis GL-MD-300 resistivity meter. The survey was conducted along three lines, each 260 m in length, using the geoelectrical method. Based on the two dimensional modeling results, the three lines exhibit resistivity values ranging from 5.69 to 3890 Ωm, and interpreted as three subsurface layers: a clay layer at depths of approximately 2,5 until 18.5 m with resistivity values of 5,69 until 237 Ωm, a sandy clay layer at depths of 2.5 until 24.9 m with resistivity values of 237 until 1531 Ωm, and a sand layer extending to depths of up to 39.6 m with resistivity values of 1531 until 3890 Ωm. This information on subsurface layers can be used as supporting data for development planning, environmental management, and hazard mitigation in the region.
Prediction of PM2.5 Concentration Using Ensemble Machine Learning in Pontianak City Irfana Diah Faryuni; Joko Sampurno
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p09

Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a key indicator of air quality, profoundly impacting human health and the environment. Pontianak City, located in the equatorial tropics of Indonesia, faces recurring air quality challenges driven by local meteorological variability and seasonal biomass burning in the surrounding regions. This study developed an hourly PM2.5 prediction model using an ensemble machine learning approach that integrates Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms. The dataset comprised hourly observations aggregated into hourly values from August 2024 to August 2025, including PM2.5 concentrations and three meteorological predictors: temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. Correlation and mutual information analyses revealed that temporal features, notably lagged PM2.5 and 24-hour rolling averages, exerted the strongest influence on current PM2.5 levels, whereas meteorological variables contributed marginally in a nonlinear manner. Model evaluation demonstrated that the Hybrid Ensemble (Stacking RF–XGB) achieved the best performance with R² = 0.72, MAE = 9.71 µg/m³, and RMSE = 22.79 µg/m³, outperforming individual models (RF: R² = 0.69; XGBoost: R² = 0.65). The hybrid model effectively captured temporal fluctuations and extreme pollution events, offering improved robustness and generalization. These results highlight the potential of ensemble-based machine learning to enhance short-term air quality forecasting systems in tropical regions, providing valuable support for public health management and early warning strategies in Pontianak and similar urban environments in the future.
Using Gravity Anomaly for Subsurface Modeling and Earthquake Hypocenter for Active Fault Characterization in West Sulawesi Siti Purnawasih; Muhardi Muhardi; Radhitya Perdhana
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p08

Abstract

An active fault triggered the earthquake in West Sulawesi on 15 January 2021, because this region has high tectonic activity. This study aims to model the subsurface and characterize active faults using gravity anomaly and earthquake hypocenter data, respectively. Gravity anomaly data at 2,640 measurement points were obtained from the TOPEX satellite, while earthquake hypocenter data for the 2011-2021 period were obtained from the USGS, IRIS, and Geofone websites. A complete Bouguer anomaly (CBA) distribution was obtained from free air anomaly (FAA) and topographic data using terrain and Bouguer corrections. The 2D modeling of subsurface geological structures was performed based on the regional anomaly distribution obtained by subtracting the complete Bouguer anomaly from the residual anomaly. Determining the earthquake focal mechanism uses the tensor moment method, which is represented visually as a beachball. The results show a regional anomaly distribution of 30-86 mGal. The 2D modeling shows that the subsurface consists of nine rock formations: Mandar Formation, Mapi Formation, Intrusive Rocks, Talaya Volcanic Rocks, Latimojong Formation, Intermontane Deposits, Mamuju Formation, Tapalang Member, and Adang Volcanic Rocks. Based on the earthquake focus mechanism, represented visually as a beach ball, six active faults were identified: two thrust faults, three strike-slip faults, and a normal fault.
Spatial Analysis of Terrestrial Nuclear Radiation Dose Rate in the Eastern Region of Peling Island Using Type 6 Pocket Geiger Detector ANGGRAINI DAUD; Asri Arbie; Muh. Fachrul Latief; Syafril Agustion Tomayahu; Siti Sarah Dayanun; Awaludin Ismuhu
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2026.v27.i02.p10

Abstract

Terrestrial nuclear radiation is natural radiation originating from the decay of radionuclides in rocks and soil, with a distribution influenced by the geological and geomorphological conditions of the region. Peling Island, Banggai Islands Regency, is dominated by karst areas that have the potential to influence the distribution of terrestrial nuclear radiation, but spatial information regarding radiation in this region is still limited. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of terrestrial nuclear radiation dose rates in the eastern region of Peling Island. Measurements were carried out at 144 sample points systematically distributed using an observation grid measuring 1500 m × 1500 m. At each point, a Pocket Geiger Type 6 detector was placed at a height of ±1 m above the ground surface and connected to a smartphone via the Pocket Geiger Type 6 application. Data were recorded every 2 minutes, and stored in CSV and KML formats. The data were then processed using two software, namely, ArcgGIS with the IDW method and Python for spatial classification and analysis. The results showed a uniform distribution of radiation dose rates without any spikes or extreme differences between measurement areas, with a range of ≤0.02 to 0.14 µSv/h and an average of 0.0504 µSv/h. The annual effective dose was recorded at 0.0883 mSv/y. This value is still below the effective dose limit for the general public of 1 mSv/y.

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