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BULETIN FISIKA
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 14114690     EISSN : 25809733     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24843/BF
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
Aims and Scope Aims The Journal aims to promote the theory and application in the field of physics and to encourage a vigorous dialogue among scholars and researchers worldwide. It presents original research articles, letters, and review articles, and publishes the latest achievements and developments in physics and related fields. All contributions shall be rigorously refereed and selected based on the quality and originality of the work as well as the breadth of interest to readers. Accepted papers will immediately appear online. The Journal welcomes contributions that the manuscript is written in Indonesian or English. Scope The scope of this journal covers pure and applied physics. The topics include advanced material, optoelectronics, laser applications, biophysics, medical physics, instrumentation, geophysics, environmental physics, and related fields.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 38 Documents
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Calculation of TVL and HVL for Shielding Requirements in Radiotherapy Facilities using Monte Carlo Simulation Dewa Ngurah Yudhi Prasada; Akbar Azzi
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p02

Abstract

Shielding is a critical aspect of radiation therapy facility design to ensure the safety of both workers and the public. This study utilizes the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS) version 3.35 Monte Carlo code to evaluate the tenth-value layer (TVL) of four common materials, like water (1 g/cm³), concrete (2.35 g/cm³), steel (7.8 g/cm³), and lead (11.36 g/cm³), under various photon beam energies of Ir-192 and Co-60 and with various linac energy of 6 MV, 10 MV, and 15 MV, that representing sources typically used in brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy. The point source, isotropic source, and collimated source were utilized in this research. Results show that TVL values increase with higher beam energy and decrease with denser materials, following the known principles of radiation attenuation. However, an anomaly was observed in lead, where TVL values decreased at energies ≥10 MV, possibly due to pair production effects, which warrants further investigation. None of the results precisely matched the reference values from IAEA SRS-47, likely due to differences in beam spectrum and inherent filtration. These findings suggest that Monte Carlo simulation is a feasible method for estimating shielding requirements, but validation through measurement is recommended.
Optimizing the ROI (Region of Interest) Quality of Breast Cancer Skin Contour Images Using a Combination of Contrast Enhancement Methods Based on LiDAR Data Vanis Aisyah Ayu Sugiarti; Muktamar Cholifah Aisiyah; Aris Widodo; Asmaul Lutfi Marufah
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p05

Abstract

Breast cancer has the highest prevalence and mortality rates among cancers in Indonesia, largely due to delayed diagnosis. One of the major challenges is the poor quality of medical images used for early detection. This study aims to improve the quality of images in the important area of the skin around breast cancer patients using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data by combining methods to enhance contrast and reduce noise. A total of 80 image data (40 cancer anomalies and 40 normal without cancer) and utilized MATLAB software version 24.1.0.2537033 (R2024a) for image processing, starting from increasing CNR and increasing SNR to semi-automatic ROI masking. The results showed that there was a significant increase in CNR values (an average of 38%) and SNR (an average of 42%). These results are supported by a paired T-test, which shows a significant difference between pre- and post-processed images, both in CNR α < 0.0001 and SNR α < 0.0001 parameters. These findings support the claim that image quality improvement is not only visually evident but also statistically evident. This study proves that the method used is effective in improving image quality and shows that LiDAR data has great potential in medical imaging systems.
Simulasi Teoretis terhadap Kaca Borat Terdoping SnO untuk Optimalisasi Efisiensi Perisai Radiasi Sinar Gamma Oki Ade Putra; Dhani Nur Indra Syamputra; Fariz Budi Arafat; Rin Hafsahtul Asiah
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p04

Abstract

Kaca perisai radiasi berbasis bismut borat telah banyak diteliti karena sifat optik dan ketahanannya yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap pengaruh variasi fraksi mol SnO terhadap kinerja perisai sistem kaca xSnO–(60–x)B2O3–20Bi2O3–10TiO2–10MgO dengan x = 0, 4, 8, dan 12 mol%. Perhitungan dilakukan secara teoritis menggunakan perangkat lunak XCOM dari National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) pada rentang energi 0,01–3 MeV. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi koefisien atenuasi massa (MAC), koefisien atenuasi linier (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth-value-layer (TVL), dan mean free path (MFP). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan SnO secara signifikan meningkatkan densitas kaca, yang berdampak pada peningkatan nilai MAC dan penurunan nilai HVL, TVL, dan MFP. Selain itu, dibandingkan dengan kaca komersial RS-253-G18 dan boraks sintetis 40%, seluruh sampel berbasis SnO menunjukkan performa perisai yang lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, semua sampel kaca berbasis SnO, khususnya dengan 12 mol% SnO, memiliki potensi besar sebagai material alternatif untuk aplikasi pelindung radiasi energi tinggi.
Effect of Long Exposure to ELF Electromagnetic Field Radiation Intensity 500 µT on Morphology and Spermatozoa Population of Balb/C Mice Moza Oriana Rahmadinanti; Firdha Kusuma Ayu Anggraeni; Sudarti Sudarti
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p01

Abstract

Along with the era of development, the use of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field radiation, which has a very low frequency of 0-300 Hz, is increasingly widespread. Its impact on spermatozoa remains contradictory and requires further study. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of long-term exposure to ELF electromagnetic field radiation with an intensity of 500 µT on the population and morphology of Balb/C mice spermatozoa. This study uses a true experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. There are several tools used in this research. One of them is the ELF generator as an ELF electromagnetic field generating device. The method used in sampling mice spermatozoa is eosin staining and haemocytometer. Exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with an intensity of 500 µT was carried out intermittently, namely 15 and 60 minutes, twice a day, and given for 5 days. The results showed that exposure to the ELF electromagnetic field did not have a significant effect on the population of Balb/C mice spermatozoa, but had a significant effect on spermatozoa morphology. The effect of magnetic fields and electric fields on the population and morphology of spermatozoa differs; namely, the electric field has a more dominant effect on the population and morphology of abnormal spermatozoa, while the magnetic field has a more dominant effect on the morphology of normal spermatozoa.
Efektivitas Ultrasonic Mist Maker sebagai Evaporative Cooler Pada Greenhouse Hidroponik Berdasarkan Homogenitas Peta Kelembapan 2D Dini Makrufah; Muhamad Azwar Annaz; Asmaul Lutfi Marufah; Aris Widodo
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p03

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas ultrasonic mist maker sebagai evaporative cooler dalam mengatur distribusi kelembapan pada salah satu greenhouse Hidroponik Farm Lamongan. Pengukuran kelembapan dilakukan pada 36 titik grid (dimensi 3 × 12 m) dengan hygrometer UNI-T UT333 pada kondisis sebelum dan setelah pengoperasian mist maker ultrasonik selama 20 menit. Data diolah menggunan perangkat lunak Surfer untuk menghasilkan peta kontur dan sebaran homogenitas distribusi kelembapan pada 6 rentang (F1-F6). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebelum mist maker dioperasikan, RH berkisar antara 42–58%, dengan distribusi didominasi kategori relatif kering (F2) sebesar 21,56% dan kategori aman (F3) sebesar 78,44%, tanpa area pada kategori ideal (F4). Setelah pengoperasian, rentang kelembapan naik menjadi 60-70 % dengan kategori F2 tidak lagi tercatat (0%), F3 meningkat menjadi 97,13% dan F4 mencakup 2,87% luas greenhouse. Meskipun menunjukan pola positif dalam peningkatan kelembapan, distribusi kelembapan yang dicapai masil belum sepenuhnya ideal. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya optimalisasi melalui penelitian
Electronic Properties of Topological Superconductors XC (X = V, Nb) with Hexagonal Structure: A Density Functional Theory Perspective Erik Bhekti Yutomo; Suci Faniandari; Oki Ade Putra
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p08

Abstract

Topological superconductors are a class of materials that combine superconductivity with nontrivial topological electronic band structures. In this study, we investigate the electronic properties of two transition metal carbides, VC and NbC, in their hexagonal phases. The calculations are performed using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach, with explicit consideration of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) to explore the possible emergence of nontrivial band topology. The calculated band structures reveal metallic behavior in both materials, characterized by the presence of electronic states at the Fermi level. VC exhibits two Dirac points along the Γ–M and K–Γ paths, as well as a Weyl point at the K point. In contrast, NbC shows two Dirac points and one triply degenerate point along the Γ–A path. Upon inclusion of SOC, these topological features not only persist but become more pronounced, particularly near the K point and along the Γ–A direction. The projected density of states (PDOS) analysis indicates that these topological features originate from strong hybridization between the transition metal d orbitals (V 3d and Nb 4d) and the carbon 2p orbitals. These results suggest that hexagonal-phase VC and NbC are promising candidates for topological superconductors, with potential applications in future quantum technologies.
A Diffusion-based Model of Doxorubicin Release from Liposomes: Effects of Size and Membrane Permeability Gregoria Illya
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p09

Abstract

Liposomes are widely used as nanocarriers in cancer therapy due to their ability to encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents and modulate drug release. Among these, doxorubicin-loaded liposomes, such as Doxil®, have demonstrated enhanced safety and efficacy profiles. However, predicting the kinetics of drug leakage remains critical for optimizing liposome design and therapeutic performance. In this study, a first-order mathematical model based on Fick’s law of diffusion was developed to predict the leakage kinetics of doxorubicin from liposomes. The model captures key behaviors, including the effects of liposome size and lipid composition on membrane permeability and leakage. Simulations show that lower permeability coefficients, associated with increased membrane rigidity, slow down drug leakage, whereas smaller liposomes exhibit faster leakage due to their higher surface-area-to-volume ratios. Despite its simplicity, the model successfully captures experimental trends, reproduces permeability coefficients on the same order of magnitude as those observed in other doxorubicin-loaded liposomal systems, and demonstrates robustness to minor structural variations. It serves as a practical tool for early-stage design of liposomal drug delivery systems and highlights the sensitivity of drug leakage to key formulation parameters.
Comparison of Emission Spectrum in Series and Parallel Configured Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Reactors and Its Application for Textile Wastewater Treatment Ahmad Faruq Abdurrahman; Kusumandari Kusumandari; Teguh Endah Saraswati
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p07

Abstract

Textile wastewater represents one of the world's largest aquatic pollutants due to industrial activities. Ozonation, an advanced oxidation process (AOP), serves as a cost-effective wastewater treatment method. This study compares emission spectra from series and parallel-configured dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors and correlates them with ozone production for textile wastewater treatment. The discharge emission spectrum (OES) was analyzed to identify reactive species, while ozone concentration was quantified via titration. Ozonation was applied for 0–60 minutes, monitoring absorbance, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and conductivity. OES analysis revealed higher emission intensities of OH radicals and N₂ in the series configuration versus parallel, indicating enhanced plasma reactivity. Consequently, the series configuration yielded superior ozone production, achieving 53.14% degradation efficiency after 60 minutes. Significant reductions in absorbance, TDS, TSS, and conductivity occurred alongside increased DO. Longer treatment durations improved degradation efficiency.
Web-based Indigenous Village P Web-Based Traditional Village Population Administration System in Jimbaran Village, South Kuta, Badung Mahendra Sastra Adhi Wiguna Gede; Nur Fadhillah Muhamad; Trisanjaya Purba Ghaniel; Aldo Dzar Al-Ghifari; Yudisthira Arimbawa Saputra I Gusti Ngurah Agung; Dionicius Hadarian; I Putu Amara Setia Putra; Patriot Akbar; Taufikur Rohman; Pramuditya Adha Ra&#039;afarudin; I Wayan Supardi; Ni Nyoman Rupiasih; Nyoman Wendri
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p06

Abstract

The population administration in Jimbaran Traditional Village faces challenges of inefficiency and data inconsistency due to manual processes, especially in managing unique data structures such as NPK (Family Registration Number), NIKA (Traditional Community Registration Number), and Dadia. To address these issues, a web-based administrative information system was developed using the Prototyping method with the Laravel framework, MySQL database, and an interface built using Tailwind CSS and Alpine.js. The resulting system features key functionalities such as centralized master data management, dynamic input forms with automatic NPK and NIKA numbering, management of Traditional Family Card membership, and an integrated correspondence service module. The implementation results demonstrate that this application successfully serves as a functional solution for centralizing data, accelerating administrative services, and enhancing the accuracy of population data in accordance with the specific needs of the traditional village.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Indikator Warna Pada Kulit Berbasis ESP32-Cam Terintegrasi Edge Impulse Hana Dwi Cahyani; Muhamad Azwar Annas; Uswatun Chasanah; Muktamar Cholifah Aisiyah
BULETIN FISIKA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): BULETIN FISIKA
Publisher : Departement of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Institute of Research and Community Services Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran Badung Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BF.2025.v26.i02.p10

Abstract

Deteksi dini kanker payudara merupakan langkah penting untuk meningkatkan peluang kesembuhan dan menekan angka kematian. Penelitian ini merancang sistem deteksi dini berbasis citra digital dengan memanfaatkan indikator visual berupa warna kemerahan pada kulit. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan ESP32-Cam yang terintegrasi dengan Edge Impulse untuk pelatihan dan inferensi model klasifikasi berbasis Artificial Intelligence (AI). Deteksi dilakukan melalui pengolahan citra warna dan metode machine learning (ML) yang bekerja berdasarkan prinsip fisika optik dan sensorika, khususnya interaksi cahaya dengan permukaan kulit, serta merupakan bentuk penerapan prinsip-prinsip fisika dalam pengembangan teknologi deteksi visual modern. Dataset dikumpulkan dari phantom payudara dengan variasi tingkat kemerahan, dua jenis warna kulit (kuning langsat dan sawo matang), serta pencahayaan berbeda (600 lux, 800 lux, dan 1000 lux). Gambar diambil dari jarak 20 cm dengan sudut 90° dan 45° menggunakan kamera handphone. Model dilatih menggunakan metode CNN dan diintegrasikan ke ESP32-Cam, namun proses inferensi masih memerlukan koneksi internet untuk dapat dijalankan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pencahayaan 800 lux memberikan visual optimal, dan berhasil menjalankan klasifikasi dengan akurasi rata-rata sebesar 90,9%. Evaluasi menggunakan confusion matrix menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini baik dan akurat. Kata kunci: Deteksi dini; edge impulse; ESP32-cam; fisika optik; kanker payudara.

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