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Angga A.G
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INDONESIA
Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30468620     DOI : https://doi.org/10.62872/2389ay17
Core Subject : Social,
The journal publishes original articles on current issues and international trends in the field of criminal law. The purpose of the publication of this Journal is to provide a space to publish critical thinking on original research results, as well as conceptual ideas from academics, researchers, and practitioners that have never been published in other media.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 81 Documents
The Principle of Proportionality in Criminal Sentencing: Rethinking Punishment and Justice in Indonesia Tumian Lian Daya Purba
Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): JOSI - SEPTEMBER
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/sm7q0129

Abstract

The principle of proportionality the idea that the severity of a criminal sanction should correspond to the gravity of the offence and the culpability of the offender occupies an ambivalent position within Indonesian criminal law. Although proportionality is invoked routinely in judicial reasoning, academic commentary, and legislative drafting, its operational meaning remains contested, and its practical influence on sentencing outcomes is frequently undermined by wide statutory ranges, unstructured judicial discretion, and the absence of binding sentencing guidelines. This article examines how proportionality is conceptualised and applied in Indonesian criminal sentencing, situating the discussion within the broader transition from the colonial-era Wetboek van Strafrecht to the national Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, or KUHP Nasional) enacted through Law Number 1 of 2023 and effective since 2 January 2026. Using a normative-juridical method combined with a qualitative analysis of statutory provisions, judicial decisions, and recent scholarship, the article finds that proportionality in Indonesia functions less as a determinate rule than as an interpretive value that judges invoke selectively, producing persistent sentencing disparity across similar cases. It further argues that the new Criminal Code’s shift toward a restorative and rehabilitative penal philosophy, together with instruments such as judicial pardon and structured sentencing considerations, offers a meaningful but still incomplete foundation for a more coherent proportionality doctrine. The article concludes that Indonesia requires binding sentencing guidelines, a codified proportionality test, and sustained judicial training to translate the constitutional and philosophical commitment to proportionate punishment into consistent practice.