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Miftah Arifin
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Law and Judicial Review
Published by Generate Digital Publishing
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31089534     DOI : https://10.70764/gdpu-ljr
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
LJR: Law and Judicial Review provides a venue for high quality manuscripts dealing with social and criminal justice issues in a very broad sense. The editorial board encourages international papers, articles that are perceptive, evidence-based, experimental, and have policy impact. However, readers can also find papers investigating issues with global relevance. LJR is published by the publishing company "Generate Digital Publishing". LJR start publication in 2025. LJR is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available at no cost to the user and the institution. The scope includes empirical and theoretical articles related to crime, criminal justice, current controversial issues, drug and minority law, criminal disenfranchisement law, civil law, constitutional and administrative law, the law of customary institutions, the law of religious jurisprudence, the law of international regimes, government legal pluralism, and other sections related to contemporary issues in legal scholarship.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 14 Documents
 1   2 
Interplay of GM Crops and Consumers Rights: Reviewing Handling and Labelling Mechanism Under the Existing Biosafety Framework of India Oishika Banerji
Law and Judicial Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Generate Digital Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70764/gdpu-ljr.2026.2(1)-1

Abstract

Objective: The present study becomes the voice for consumer rights that needs attention and protection in the context of genetically modified crops (GM crops) in India. In doing so, the study considers consumers as the representative of public interest and a primary stakeholder of such crops. While consumers are made subjects of handling and production consequences of consumable GM crops, labelling of such transgenic products promotes consumers to exercise their ‘right to choose’ and make informed decisions in regards to it. The interplay of the three terms, namely, harm, difference and choice, witnesses a recurring appearance in the present literature. While ‘harm’ refers to the concerns that walk with GM crops, ‘difference’ visualizes the required distinction between GM and non-GM crops and lastly, ‘choice’ reflects consumers’ ability to make rational decisions with respect to GM crops. The present research questions whether the existing biosafety framework of India caters to consumer needs while carrying out the handling and labelling mechanism of GM crops. Research Design & Methods: The present study discusses handling and labelling of GM crops as both play a fundamental role in order to ensure food safety for consumers. In doing so the study adopts a doctrinal research method bringing in India's biosafety framework alongside international instruments adopted. To extend support to the deliberations made, a comparative study has been done as well by reflecting on the approaches of the US and EU in the present context. Findings: The study does not deny the competency that the current biosafety framework and statutory authorities in place have to regulate GM crops. But, absence of authoritative liability catalyzed with unbridled power eclipses consumer rights thereby hindering public confidence. Such hindrances become subject to judicial review as has been with GM Mustard by the Apex Court. Hence arises the need for indispensable reform. Contributions: India, being an executive committee member of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and ‘supposedly’ adhering to it must be having in place an effective biosafety framework to take care of handling and labelling of GM crops. Interestingly enough, in all the three transgenic crop matters that India has been home to, fingers have been pointed towards authoritative decision-making. The underlying problem therefore gets addressed in this research thereby adding to the series of literatures that is numerically less in the present time. Novelty: This study uniquely centers consumer rights within GM crop regulation by highlighting overlooked regulatory loopholes and issues of authoritative decision-making in India’s biosafety framework.
Regulating Electronic Notarial Deeds: A Jurisdictional Perspective from Indonesia Syadzwina Hindun Nabila
Law and Judicial Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Generate Digital Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70764/gdpu-ljr.2026.2(1)-2

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the legal framework of electronic notarial deeds (cyber notary) from a jurisdictional perspective, examine their evidentiary value within the Indonesian legal system, and evaluate the level of harmonization between the Notary Profession Law (UUJN) and the legal regime governing electronic documents and transactions. Research Design & Methods: This study employs a normative legal research method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches to assess the consistency and alignment of relevant legal frameworks, including the Civil Code, UUJN, and the ITE Law. Findings: The study identifies significant inconsistencies and regulatory gaps between the requirements for authentic deeds under the Civil Code and the recognition of electronic documents under the ITE Law. These discrepancies lead to legal uncertainty regarding notarial jurisdiction, the validity of electronic deeds and protocols, and the recognition of electronic signatures, particularly in cross-border transactions. Contributions: This study provides conceptual and normative contributions to the development of notarial law in the digital era by emphasizing jurisdiction as a central issue in cyber notary practices and proposing a framework for regulatory harmonization. Practically, it offers guidance for policymakers and legal practitioners in formulating clearer regulations and standardized electronic notary procedures. Academically, it enriches legal discourse on the intersection between conventional notarial principles and digital legal systems, while socially, it supports improved public access to legal services. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on jurisdictional aspects as the core issue in cyber notary implementation, along with proposing the adaptation of the lex loci actus principle into the digital context and the development of a standardized electronic notary protocol.
Cryptocurrency and Money Laundering in Indonesian Criminal Law: A Doctrinal and Case-Based Analysis Merly Markhamatul Izzah
Law and Judicial Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Generate Digital Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70764/gdpu-ljr.2026.2(1)-4

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the application of the elements of the crime of money laundering, the construction of the perpetrator’s criminal liability, and to critically examine the judicial reasoning in District Court Decision No. 1240/Pid.Sus/PN.Tng involving the use of cryptocurrency. Research Design & Methods: This study employs a normative legal methodology through a literature review using legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches, and is analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. Findings: This study found that cryptocurrency has transformed money-laundering methods into more complex digital mechanisms, thereby complicating tracing and proof processes. Although there are no explicit regulations, the broad concept of “assets” in anti-money laundering law allows cryptocurrency to be treated as an asset for money laundering purposes. Courts have adopted an adaptive approach by interpreting crypto transactions as asset transfers and establishing criminal intent through circumstantial evidence, while maintaining the principles of actus reus and mens rea. Contributions: This study contributes to the development of legal discourse on cryptocurrency regulation within the anti-money laundering regime, particularly by highlighting interpretive practices in judicial decisions and identifying regulatory gaps in Indonesian law. Novelty: The novelty lies in integrating doctrinal legal analysis with a case-based examination of cryptocurrency-related money laundering, emphasizing judicial adaptation through functional equivalence and teleological interpretation within the existing legal framework.
Students' Legal Awareness and Copyright Compliance in Academic E-Book Usage Muhammad Samsul Arifin
Law and Judicial Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Generate Digital Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70764/gdpu-ljr.2026.2(1)-5

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of students’ legal awareness on copyright compliance in the use of e-books and digital academic works within the university environment. Research Design & Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach using an explanatory research design through a cross-sectional survey. The study sample consisted of 350 students from several public universities on the island of Java, selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS version 26. The independent variables consisted of legal knowledge, legal understanding, legal attitudes, and legal behavior patterns, while the dependent variable was copyright compliance. Findings: The results of the study indicate that legal awareness has a positive and significant effect on students’ legal compliance. Among the dimensions of legal awareness examined, legal knowledge and legal attitudes were found to be the most dominant factors influencing student compliance, followed by legal understanding, which also had a significant effect. Meanwhile, legal behavior tendencies did not show a significant influence on legal compliance. In general, the level of legal awareness and student compliance fell into the moderate category, with legal knowledge being the relatively lowest aspect. Contributions: This study makes a theoretical contribution to the development of the concept of legal awareness in the context of the digital academic environment and enriches the literature on copyright compliance in higher education settings in developing countries, particularly Indonesia. Practically, this study provides recommendations for universities to strengthen legal literacy and copyright protection policies within the digital academic ecosystem. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on legal compliance with copyright in the use of e-books and digital academic works, as well as the modeling of legal awareness as a multidimensional construct encompassing knowledge, understanding, attitudes, and behavior within the context of higher education in Indonesia.

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