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Law and Judicial Review
Published by Generate Digital Publishing
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31089534     DOI : https://10.70764/gdpu-ljr
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
LJR: Law and Judicial Review provides a venue for high quality manuscripts dealing with social and criminal justice issues in a very broad sense. The editorial board encourages international papers, articles that are perceptive, evidence-based, experimental, and have policy impact. However, readers can also find papers investigating issues with global relevance. LJR is published by the publishing company "Generate Digital Publishing". LJR start publication in 2025. LJR is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available at no cost to the user and the institution. The scope includes empirical and theoretical articles related to crime, criminal justice, current controversial issues, drug and minority law, criminal disenfranchisement law, civil law, constitutional and administrative law, the law of customary institutions, the law of religious jurisprudence, the law of international regimes, government legal pluralism, and other sections related to contemporary issues in legal scholarship.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 12 Documents
 1   2 
Interplay of GM Crops and Consumers Rights: Reviewing Handling and Labelling Mechanism Under the Existing Biosafety Framework of India Banerji, Oishika
Law and Judicial Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Generate Digital Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70764/gdpu-ljr.2026.2(1)-1

Abstract

Objective: The present study becomes the voice for consumer rights that needs attention and protection in the context of genetically modified crops (GM crops) in India. In doing so, the study considers consumers as the representative of public interest and a primary stakeholder of such crops. While consumers are made subjects of handling and production consequences of consumable GM crops, labelling of such transgenic products promotes consumers to exercise their ‘right to choose’ and make informed decisions in regards to it. The interplay of the three terms, namely, harm, difference and choice, witnesses a recurring appearance in the present literature. While ‘harm’ refers to the concerns that walk with GM crops, ‘difference’ visualizes the required distinction between GM and non-GM crops and lastly, ‘choice’ reflects consumers’ ability to make rational decisions with respect to GM crops. The present research questions whether the existing biosafety framework of India caters to consumer needs while carrying out the handling and labelling mechanism of GM crops. Research Design & Methods: The present study discusses handling and labelling of GM crops as both play a fundamental role in order to ensure food safety for consumers. In doing so the study adopts a doctrinal research method bringing in India's biosafety framework alongside international instruments adopted. To extend support to the deliberations made, a comparative study has been done as well by reflecting on the approaches of the US and EU in the present context. Findings: The study does not deny the competency that the current biosafety framework and statutory authorities in place have to regulate GM crops. But, absence of authoritative liability catalyzed with unbridled power eclipses consumer rights thereby hindering public confidence. Such hindrances become subject to judicial review as has been with GM Mustard by the Apex Court. Hence arises the need for indispensable reform. Contributions: India, being an executive committee member of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and ‘supposedly’ adhering to it must be having in place an effective biosafety framework to take care of handling and labelling of GM crops. Interestingly enough, in all the three transgenic crop matters that India has been home to, fingers have been pointed towards authoritative decision-making. The underlying problem therefore gets addressed in this research thereby adding to the series of literatures that is numerically less in the present time. Novelty: This study uniquely centers consumer rights within GM crop regulation by highlighting overlooked regulatory loopholes and issues of authoritative decision-making in India’s biosafety framework.
Regulating Electronic Notarial Deeds: A Jurisdictional Perspective from Indonesia Nabila, Syadzwina Hindun
Law and Judicial Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Generate Digital Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70764/gdpu-ljr.2026.2(1)-2

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the legal framework of electronic notarial deeds (cyber notary) from a jurisdictional perspective, examine their evidentiary value within the Indonesian legal system, and evaluate the level of harmonization between the Notary Profession Law (UUJN) and the legal regime governing electronic documents and transactions. Research Design & Methods: This study employs a normative legal research method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches to assess the consistency and alignment of relevant legal frameworks, including the Civil Code, UUJN, and the ITE Law. Findings: The study identifies significant inconsistencies and regulatory gaps between the requirements for authentic deeds under the Civil Code and the recognition of electronic documents under the ITE Law. These discrepancies lead to legal uncertainty regarding notarial jurisdiction, the validity of electronic deeds and protocols, and the recognition of electronic signatures, particularly in cross-border transactions. Contributions: This study provides conceptual and normative contributions to the development of notarial law in the digital era by emphasizing jurisdiction as a central issue in cyber notary practices and proposing a framework for regulatory harmonization. Practically, it offers guidance for policymakers and legal practitioners in formulating clearer regulations and standardized electronic notary procedures. Academically, it enriches legal discourse on the intersection between conventional notarial principles and digital legal systems, while socially, it supports improved public access to legal services. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on jurisdictional aspects as the core issue in cyber notary implementation, along with proposing the adaptation of the lex loci actus principle into the digital context and the development of a standardized electronic notary protocol.

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