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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
ISSN : 1411318X     EISSN : 25486101     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan (JTL) is a journal aims to be a peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. JTL is published twice annually and provide scientific publication for researchers, engineers, practitioners, academicians, and observers in the field related to science and environmental technology. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on Environmental Sciences, Environmental Technology as well as other related topics to Environment including sanitation, environmental biology, waste water treatment, solid waste treatment, environmental design and management, environmental impact assessment, environmental pollution control and environmental conservation.
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Articles 19 Documents
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Evaluasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik dengan IPAL Komunal di Kota Bogor Susanthi, Dhama; Purwanto, Mohammad Yanuar; Suprihatin, Suprihatin
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (474.932 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2834

Abstract

ABSTRACTOne of domestic wastewater treatment in Bogor City is by using communal WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant) system. The communal WWTP treats domestic wastewater with an anaerobic baffled reactor configuration (ABR). This study aims to determine the effluent quality of communal WWTP so that it can be used as reference for related institutions in managing communal WWTP. The effluent from 3 communal WWTPs namely KSM Amanah, Rosella, and Cipendek Indah measured the content of TSS, COD, oil and grease, ammonia, and total coliform. The secondary data of effluent from 40 communal WWTP were obtained from Environment Agency of Bogor City. The result of the effluent analysis is compared with the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.68/2016 on the Quality Standard of Domestic Wastewater. The study showed that the total coliform parameter did not meet the quality standard in 3 communal WWTP locations, COD exceeded the quality standard in KSM Rosella and Cipendek Indah, and TSS above the quality standard in KSM Cipendek Indah. The communal WWTP in Bogor city has not been effective in reducing the pollutant content in domestic wastewater especially BOD and total coliform. The communal WWTP management needs to be improved in order for better effluent.Keywords: domestic waste, communal WWTP, effluent, quality standard, bogor cityABSTRAKSalah satu pengolahan air limbah domestik di Kota Bogor yaitu menggunakan sistem IPAL komunal. IPAL komunal mengolah air limbah domestik dengan konfigurasi anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas efluen IPAL komunal di Kota Bogor sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan bagi instansi terkait dalam mengelola IPAL komunal. Efluen dari  3 IPAL komunal yaitu KSM Amanah, Rosella, dan Cipendek Indah diukur kandungan TSS, COD, minyak lemak, amonia, dan total coliform. Data sekunder efluen  dari 40 IPAL komunal diperoleh dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bogor. Hasil analisis efluen tersebut dibandingkan dengan baku mutu PermenLHK No. P.68/2016 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter total coliform tidak memenuhi baku mutu di 3 lokasi IPAL komunal yang diteliti, COD melebihi baku mutu di KSM Rosella dan Cipendek Indah, serta TSS diatas baku mutu teridentifikasi di KSM Cipendek Indah. IPAL komunal di Kota Bogor belum efektif dalam menurunkan kandungan polutan dalam air limbah domestik terutama BOD dan total coliform. Pengelolaan IPAL komunal perlu ditingkatkan agar kualitas efluen yang dihasilkan lebih baik. Kata kunci: limbah domestik, IPAL komunal, efluen, baku mutu, kota bogor
Kemampuan Beberapa Tumbuhan Air dalam Menurunkan Pencemaran Bahan Organik dan Fosfat untuk Memperbaiki Kualitas Air Astuti, Lismining Pujiyani; Indriatmoko, Indriatmoko
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (410.772 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2063

Abstract

ABSTRACTAquatic plants are important part of aquatic ecosystem that can be used as an phytoremidiation agent, trapping organic matter in eutrophic waters as well as cleaning and controlling heavy metal pollution, pesticides and oil. The aim of research to assess the ability of some aquatic plants to organic matter and phosphate reduction for improve water quality. Research conducted at the Greenhouse of Institution Research for Fishes Resources Rehabilitation in May 2016. The study using factorial completely randomized and all treatment were conducted in triplicate. Aquatic plants are used Azolla sp., Spirodela sp., Duckweed (Lemna sp.), Salvinia sp., Water lettuce (Pistia sp), and water hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes). Water media used are high stock solution of organic matter derived from fish farming waste water containing undigested, food, faeces and urine of fish. Water sampling was conducted on day 0 (T0), 2nd (T2), 5th (T5) and 9th (T9) after planting. The results showed that the total organic matter) and P-PO4 significantly different based on day of sampling, while the aquatic plant treatment significantly different at P-PO4 concentration, but not significantly different from the organic matter. However, based on the percentage change showed that the wood lettuce (Pistia sp) capable of lowering the BOT and P-PO4 as much as 55.52% and 60.62%, and the water hyacinth can lower both BOT and P-PO4 as much as 23.38 % and 92.68%. Relative growth rate (RGR) was higher in the aquatic plants that tend to be small as Spirodela sp,  Lemna sp and with doubling time (DT) is relatively short. Water hyacinth plants tend to have a lower RGR values and DT are relatively long. The value of RGR and DT related to the availability of nutrients.Keywords: Aquatic Plants, Water Quality, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling Time (DT)ABSTRAKTumbuhan air merupakan bagian penting dari ekosistem perairan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai agen fitoremediasi, perangkap bahan organik di perairan eutrofik serta membersihkan dan mengontrol pencemaran logam berat, pestisida dan minyak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji kemampuan beberapa tumbuhan air dalam mengurangi pencemaran bahan organik dan fosfat dalam upaya memperbaiki kualitas perairan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium rumah kaca Balai Riset Pemulihan Sumberdaya Ikan pada bulan Mei 2016. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Tumbuhan air yang digunakan Azolla sp., Spirodela sp., Mata lele (Lemna sp.), Kiambang (Salvinia sp.), Kayu apu (Pistia sp.), dan Eceng Gondok (Eicchornia  crassipes). Media air yang digunakan adalah larutan stok tinggi bahan organik berasal dari air limbah budidaya ikan yang mengandung sisa pakan yang tidak tercerna, feses dan urin ikan. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada 0 hari (T0), 2 hari (T2), 5 hari (T5) dan 9 hari (T9) setelah penanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan organik total (BOT) dan P-PO4 berbeda nyata pada perlakuan hari, sementara perlakuan jenis tumbuhan air berbeda nyata pada konsentrasi P-PO4 namun tidak berbeda nyata pada BOT. Persentase perubahan menunjukkan bahwa kayu apu mampu menurunkan BOT dan P-PO4 sebesar 55,52% dan 60,62% serta eceng gondok mampu menurunkan BOT dan P-PO4 sebesar 23,38% dan 92,68%. Nilai relative growth rate (RGR) lebih tinggi pada tanaman air yang cenderung kecil seperti Lemna sp dan Spirodela sp dengan doubling time (DT) yang relatif pendek. Tanaman eceng gondok cenderung mempunyai nilai RGR rendah dan DT yang relatif lama. Besarnya nilai RGR dan DT berkaitan dengan ketersediaan nutrisi.Kata kunci: Tumbuhan Air, Kualitas Air, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Doubling Time (DT)
Analisis Unsur dalam Fly Ash dari Industri PLTU Batubara dengan Metode Analisis Aktivasi Neutron Wiyono, Muji; Wahyudi, Wahyudi
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (194.571 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2778

Abstract

ABSTRACTDetermination of element contents in fly ash from the coal power plant industry at Java Island has been performed by the method of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Fly ash was sampled at Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) outlet by using isokinetic probe. Collected fly ash was mixed for 2 minutes and dried using oven at temperature of 105ºC for 2 hours. Fly ash and NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1633b Coal Fly ash were put into polyethylene vials of 0.273 mL with various weights of 11.01-11.24 mg, 16.94-17.34 mg and 29.97-30,27 mg respectively according to the time of irradiation. The samples were put in polyethylene capsules and then irradiated at Rabbit System of Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor of BATAN at the Power of 15 MW (flux of neutron was 1013 n.cm-2.s-1) for 1 minute (short irradiation), 15 minutes (middle), and 3 hours (long). The content of elements in these samples was then measured by using gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector of Canberra and was analyzed with Genie 2000 and Maestro shoftwares. The result showed that fly ash from coal power plant contained mayor elements : Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr and Na with the concentrations of 5,572 - 20,636 mg/kg; 36,353 -140,972 mg/kg; 27,729 - 144,296 mg/kg; 3,680 - 7,325 mg/kg; 624 - 9,515 mg/kg; 62,454 - 114,325 mg/kg,  628.0 - 1.775 mg/kg and 995.0 - 12,640 mg/kg;  and minor elements detected were Se, Cs, Zn, V, Cr, Hg, Th, Sc, As, Sr, U, Co, Nd, Hf, Rb, Sb and La at the concentrations of 2.94-76.5 mg/kg. Keywords: element content, fly ash, Neutron Activation AnalysisABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penentuan kandungan unsur pada cuplikan fly ash (abu terbang) pada industri PLTU batubara di Pulau Jawa dengan metode analisis aktivasi neutron (AAN). Abu terbang setelah melewati Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) dicuplik menggunakan probe isokinetik. Cuplikan yang terkumpul dikocok selama dua menit dan dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 105ºC selama 2 jam. Cuplikan abu terbang dan Standard Reference Material (SRM) NIST 1633b Coal Fly ash masing-masing dimasukkan dalam vial polietelin ukuran 0,273 ml dengan berat 11,01-11,24 mg, 16,94-17,34 mg dan 29,97-30,27 mg masing-maing untuk waktu iradiasi yang berbeda. Vial abu terbang dan vial SRM kemudian dimasukkan dalam kapsul polietilen dan kemudian diiradiasi pada Rabbit System Reaktor Serbaguna Siwabessy BATAN pada Daya 15 MW (fluks neutron 1013 n.cm-2.s-1) selama 1 menit (iradiasi pendek), 15 menit (iradiasi menengah), dan 3 jam (iradiasi panjang). Sampel hasil iradiasi pendek selanjutnya dicacah menggunakan Spektrometer Gamma dengan detektor HPGe buatan Canberra dan sampel iradiasi menegah dan panjang menggunakan HPGe buatan Ortec Model Gem-60 dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Genie 2000 dan MAESTRO. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa cuplikan abu terbang dari PLTU batubara mengandung unsur mayor Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, dan Na dengan konsentrasi masing-masing adalah 5.572 – 20.636 mg/kg; 36.353 – 140.972 mg/kg; 27.729-144.296 mg/kg; 3.680-7.325; 624-9.515 mg/kg, 62.454-114.325 mg/kg, 628,0–1.775 mg/kg dan 995,0- 12.640 mg/kg, sedangkan unsur-unsur minor yang terdeteksi yaitu : Se, Cs, Zn, V, Cr, Hg, Th, Sc, As, Sr, U, Co, Nd, Hf, Rb, Sb dan La dengan konsentrasi 2,94-76,5 mg/kg.Kata kunci: kandungan unsur, abu terbang, analisis aktivasi neutron.
Perancangan ID Fan dan Cerobong pada Unit Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah Purwanta, Wahyu; Suryanto, Feddy
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (346.564 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2786

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe problem for big cities in implementing the MSW disposal method is the  land availability. Hierarchically, a suitable method for solving this condition is not to dispose the MSW into the landfill but to treat it in the thermal processing, such as incineration. The bonus of this incineration is the heat dissipation that can be utilized to generate electricity. Burning MSW through incinerator that converts into energy is often called a Waste to Energy (WtE) or PLTSa.  Beside the benefit of the high temperature flue gas that can produce electricity, PLTSa also emits major pollutants in the flue gas such as particulates, SO2, NOx, CO, HCl, dioxins and furans. In order to meet the emission standards, the PLTSa design has to be equipped with APCD’s such as cyclone, semi-dry scrubber and bag filter. ID fan withdraws the flue gas into the chimney before discharging it into the ambient air through the top exit of chimney. The main parameters in the design of the ID fan and chimney are the quantity, quality and temperature of the flue gas as well as the environmental parameters, such as air temperature, atmospheric stability, wind speed and direction. The design of the chimney was carried out with a technical calculation approach, simulation of Gaussian dispersion model and the compliance of related regulations from the MoEF. In the design of PLTSa with a waste capacity of 350 tons/day, specification of the stack is 2.02 m diameter and the 70 m height whereas ID fan is 70,000 cfm flue gas flowrate, 400 BHP power, 80% mechanical efficiency and  25 inch H2O pressure pump.Keywords: Waste-to-energy, flue gas, ID fan, chimneyABSTRAKSalah satu masalah bagi kota-kota besar dalam menerapkan metode pengolahan sampah adalah ketersediaan lahan. Secara hierarkis metode yang mampu memenuhi kondisi ini adalah pengolahan dengan metode termal sekaligus memanfaatkan buangan panas yang ada untuk membangkitkan energi listrik. Pembakaran sampah dengan insinerator yang merubah sampah menjadi energi ini sering juga disebut   Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa). Salah satu hasil samping PLTSa adalah flue gas yang temperaturnya tinggi serta mengandung polutan utama seperti partikulat, SO2, NOx dan CO.  Agar memenuhi baku mutu emisi,  rancangan PLTSa dalam studi ini dilengkapi dengan unit cyclone, semi dry scrubber, bag filter dan ID fan serta cerobong sebagai unit pembuangan akhir flue gas. Sebagai unit akhir pembuang flue gas ke lingkungan, peran cerobong sangat penting sehingga perlu beberapa pendekatan dalam perancangan. Parameter desain utama dalam perancangan cerobong adalah kuantitas, kualitas dan suhu dari flue gas serta parameter meterologis lingkungan seperti suhu udara, stabilitas atmosfer, kecepatan dan arah angin. Dalam perancangan cerobong pada studi ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan perhtiungan teknis, simulasi model dispersi Gaussian serta peraturan terkait dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Dalam rancangan PLTSa  dengan kapasitas olah sampah 350 ton/hari ditetapkan diameter cerobong 2,05 m dengan tinggi 70 m, serta diperlukan ID fan sebagai pendorong flue gas dengan spesifikasi Q = 70.000 cfm, BHP = 400, mechanical efficiency 80% dan static pressure pompa = 25 inch H2O.Kata kunci: Sampah menjadi energi, gas buang, ID fan, cerobong
Implementasi Konsep SIDa dalam Upaya Revitalisasi Kawasan Pariwisata Kebon Sirih, Jakarta Adibroto, Tusy Agustin
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (412.467 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2841

Abstract

ABSTRACTJakarta urban management challenge is increasingly complex due to high population, changing of socio-economic condition, carrying capacity limitation and need to take notice to new paradigm related to mainstreaming of S&T and innovation through Co-regulation of Ministry of Research and Technology and Internal Affairs on Strengthening Regional Innovation System (SIDa). SIDa concept development in Jakarta follows factual condition of R&D institutions absence within Provincial Government Structure due to assumption that various components of SIDa such as best human resources, universities and research activities are already in Jakarta. So, Regional Research Council of Jakarta decided that SIDa strengthening will focus on 2 main issues: a) Interaction which led to collaboration among stakeholders (Academician - Business - Government and Public Society), and b) Learning. The aims is to implement results of studies in selected area of Kebon Sirih that has long been known as homestay location of backpackers which is currently in declining condition. Study conducted using Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method that focuses on finding local potential both non-physical and physical. The result is proposed Revitalization of Kebon Sirih Tourism Area by developing 2 main potentials: 1) Culinary Center, 2) People’s Cultural Center, supported by 3) Environmental Arrangement. Revitalization expected to be carried out by local communities in cooperation with other stakeholders, namely Lurah as Urban Manager, local businesses as CSR funder, academician as implementer of S&T and innovation, to create independent and competitive urban community that produces resilient and smart communities and the occurrence collaboration among stakeholders.Keywords: SIDa concept, Jakarta Resilience, Jakarta Smart City, ABCD methodABSTRAK Tantangan pengelolaan perkotaan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta kian kompleks disebabkan tingginya jumlah penduduk, kondisi sosial-ekonomi yang terus berubah, keterbatasan daya dukung ekosistem serta perlunya memperhatikan paradigma baru terkait pengarusutamaan iptek dan inovasi melalui Perber Menristek dan Mendagri (no.3/2012 dan no.36/2012) tentang Penguatan Sistem Inovasi Daerah (SIDa). Pengembangan konsep SIDa di DKI mengikuti kondisi faktual yaitu tidak adanya kelembagaan Litbang di Pemprov DKI Jakarta dikarenakan anggapan bahwa berbagai komponen SIDa terbaik seperti sumber daya manusia, perguruan tinggi dan berbagai kegiatan riset sudah ada di DKI Jakarta. Untuk itu Dewan Riset Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memutuskan Penguatan SIDa di Jakarta akan berfokus pada 2 isu utama yaitu a) Interaksi yang berujung kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan (Akademisi-Dunia Usaha-Pemerintah Daerah dan Masyarakat Umum), serta b) Pembelajaran. Bertujuan mengimplementasikan hasil kajian pada kawasan terpilih yaitu kelurahan Kebon Sirih yang telah lama dikenal sebagai lokasi homestay turis backpackers dari mancanegara yang saat ini menurun kondisinya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan metoda Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) yang berfokus mencari potensi baik non-fisik (SDM) maupun fisik. Hasilnya adalah usulan Revitalisasi Kawasan Wisata Kebon Sirih dengan mengembangkan 2 potensi utama: 1) Pengembangan Pusat Kuliner, 2) Pengembangan Pagelaran Budaya Rakyat, yang didukung 3) Penataan Lingkungan. Revitalisasi akan dilaksanakan masyarakat lokal bekerjasama dengan stakeholder lainnya yaitu Lurah selaku Urban Manager, dunia usaha selaku penyandang dana, akademisi dalam rangka penerapan hasil iptek, agar tercipta masyarakat perkotaan yang mandiri dan berdaya-saing yang menghasilkan masyarakat berketahanan dan smart karena menggunakan hasil iptek serta terjadinya kolaborasi antar stakeholder terkait.Kata kunci: konsep SIDa, Jakarta Berketahanan, Jakarta Smart City, metoda ABCD
Deteksi Perubahan Suhu Permukaan Menggunakan Data Satelit Landsat Multi-Waktu Studi Kasus Cekungan Bandung Ningrum, Widya; Narulita, Ida
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (838.105 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2250

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe rapid population growth and development of infrastructure in the Bandung basin has triggered an uncontrolled land use changes. The changes of land use will impact on land surface temperature distribution. Finally, these changes will give influence on climate. Land surface temperature is one of the important climatic elements in the energy balance. Changes in land surface temperature variations will potentially change other elements of the climate. The purpose of this paper is to obtain and to analyze the changes of surface temperature distribution in Bandung basin using multi temporal satellite data processing that is Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 in 2004, 2009 and 2014. Near Infrared Channel (Near Infrared/NIR) and visible wave channels (Visible band) have used to obtain the value Normalized Difference Vegetation Index/NDVI index and Albedo. Land and vegetation emissivity value and thermal band have used to determine land surface temperature. The results showed that the surface temperature distribution of Bandung basin has been changes characterized by the presence of two hotspot characters i.e. hot areas in urban and hot areas in non-urban area. The area is characterized by decreasing vegetation index values, increasing albedo values and increasing on surface temperature.  Land Surface Temperatures average value increased by 1.3°C. Land surface temperature tends to rise supposed as a result of changes in vegetated area into open area and the build area  Keywords: land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, albedoABSTRAKPesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dan perkembangan infrastruktur di cekungan Bandung telah memicu perubahan tutupan lahan yang tidak terkendali. Perubahan tutupan lahan akan mempengaruhi distribusi suhu permukaan. Hal tersebut pada akhirnya nanti akan mempengaruhi iklim. Suhu permukaan merupakan salah satu unsur iklim yang penting dalam neraca energi. Perubahan variasi suhu permukaan berpotensi mengubah unsur unsur iklim yang lainnya. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perubahan distribusi suhu permukaan di cekungan Bandung melalui pengolahan data satelit multi waktu yaitu Landsat 5 dan Landsat 8 tahun 2004, 2009, 2014 dan 2016. Kanal Inframerah Dekat (Near Infrared/NIR) dan kanal gelombang tampak (Visible band) digunakan untuk memperoleh nilai Indeks Kehijauan Vegetasi (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index/NDVI) dan Albedo. Nilai emisivitas dari tanah dan vegetasi serta Band termal digunakan untuk menentukan nilai Suhu Permukaan Tanah.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di cekungan Bandung telah terjadi perubahan distribusi suhu permukaan yang dicirikan oleh adanya dua karakter hotspot yaitu daerah panas di daerah urban dan daerah panas di daerah non-urban. Daerah tersebut dicirikan menurunnya nilai indeks vegetasi, menurunnya nilai albedo dan meningkatnya nilai suhu permukaan tanah. Nilai rataan Suhu Permukaan Tanah tahun 2005 - 2014 meningkat sebesar 1.3°C. Kecenderungan naik ini diduga sebagai akibat adanya perubahan tutupan lahan bervegetasi menjadi daerah yang lebih terbuka dan daerah terbangun.Kata kunci: suhu permukaan, indeks kehijauan vegetasi, albedo 
Model Dan Nilai Jasa Hidrologis Dalam Perlindungan Ekosistem Hutan Dan DAS Sutopo, Muhammad Fauzi; Mawardi, Ikhwanuddin
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (710.91 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2875

Abstract

ABSTRACTResearch on modeling and hydrological services in forest and watershed (DAS) ecosystem protection is still very little done in Indonesia; therefore, this research will be very useful for related stakeholders, since the purpose of the research will answer two problems, namely:  (1) what factors can significantly affect the hydrological services in the protection of forest and watershed ecosystem both in the upstream and downstream areas DAS and (2) establish the economic value of hydrological services in upstream and downstream watershed areas. The results of the study indicate that: water consumption in the downstream area is strongly influenced by: (a) family expenditure at 96.5% significance level, (b) family income at 80.7% significance level, and (c) work experience at significance level 72.4% with R Square Model 53.00% validation test. Water consumption in the upstream area is influenced by: (a) the cost of water storage at the significance level of 94.4%, (b) the age of the respondent at the significance level of 71.4%, and (c) the distance to the resource (location water springs) water at a significance level of 55.7% with a validation test of R Square model 97.30%. The research in this study at the same time responds to the existence of hydrological services as a model of protection of forest ecosystems and integrated and comprehensive watersheds from upstream - downstream; economic value of ecosystem services in forest and watershed protection in the form of hydrological services, which is the value of choice from the utilization of water resources or as hydrological services, which is Rp. 1.272.211.617.235. The value of this choice is basically the sum of the Consumer Surplus in the downstream area of Rp. 830,837,758,433 and the value of Producers Surplus in the upstream area of Rp. 441.373.858.801.Keywords: hydrological services, ecosystem protection, economic value of hydrological services, upstream-downstream watershed areas, producers surplus, consumer surplus.ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang pemodelan dan jasa hidrologis dalam perlindungan ekosistem hutan dan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) masih sangat sedikit dilakukan di Indonesia, sehingga penelitian ini akan sangat berguna bagi pemangku kepentingan terkait, karena tujuan penelitian akan menjawab dua masalah, yaitu: (1) faktor apa yang dapat secara signifikan mempengaruhi jasa hidrologis dalam perlindungan ekosistem hutan dan DAS baik di DAS hulu maupun di DAS hilir;  dan (2) menetapkan nilai ekonomi jasa hidrologis di kawasan DAS hulu-hilir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Konsumsi air di daerah hilir sangat dipengaruhi oleh: (a) pengeluaran keluarga pada tingkat signifikansi 96,5%, (b) pendapatan keluarga pada tingkat signifikansi 80,7%, dan (c) pengalaman kerja pada tingkat signifikansi 72,4% dengan uji validasi Model R2 53,00%. Konsumsi air di daerah hulu dipengaruhi oleh: (a) biaya penyimpanan air pada tingkat signifikansi 94,4%, (b) usia responden pada tingkat signifikansi 71,4%, dan (c) jarak ke sumber daya air (lokasi mata air) pada tingkat signifikansi 55,7% dengan uji validasi Model R2  97,30%. Pada saat yang sama penelitian ini menanggapi keberadaan jasa hidrologis sebagai model perlindungan ekosistem hutan dan DAS terpadu dan komprehensif dari hulu - hilir; nilai ekonomi jasa ekosistem dalam perlindungan hutan dan DAS dalam bentuk jasa hidrologis, yang merupakan nilai pilihan dari pemanfaatan sumber daya air atau sebagai jasa hidrologis, sebesar Rp. 1.272.211.617.235. Nilai pilihan atasjasa hidrologis ini pada dasarnya adalah jumlah dari Surplus Konsumen di daerah hilir sebesar Rp. 830.837.758.433 dan nilai Surplus Produser di daerah hulu sebesar Rp. 441.373.858.801.Kata kunci: layanan hidrologis, perlindungan ekosistem, nilai ekonomi dari layanan hidrologi, daerah aliran sungai hulu hilir, surplus produsen, surplus konsumen
Pemodelan Sebaran Pencemaran Tumpahan Minyak di Perairan Cilacap Wibowo, Mardi
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (538.295 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2812

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe Cilacap coastal area plays an important role in recreation, transportation, energy, education or research, residential, and industry. It is also potential for development and potential for pollution especially for oil pollution. That is caused Cilacap has the refinary oil plant and the great port of oil, furthermore it has crowded traffic of ship (both big ship or fishing ships). All of which have a tremendous potential pollute the sea and the surrounding areas. Therefore, it’s needed study of oil slick spreading that caused oil spill to formulate early warning and protection action plan for Cilacap coastal area. This study use oil spill model from DHI (Danish Hydraulic Institute) and use software MIKE-21 modul Particle/Spill Analysis. At each scenario, direction and concentration of oil spill is highly varied, its depend on the hydrodynamic condition o sea water. In January the oil spill from the 70 area pier tends to spread upstream S, Donan and around P. Nusakambangan with slick thickness between 0.0001-2.1 mm and oil spill from SPM spread out south of the model domain. In September the oil spill in the 70 area dock spreads upstream of S Donan with slick thickness between 0.001-2.7 mm and oil spills in SPM spread evenly throughout Cilacap waters with slick thickness between 0.001 to 1 mm. The result of this study is very important to plan early warning system and reduce environmental impact of oil spill. Based on comparation tide model data to tide data from field measuring, its known that both of data has no significance differences.Keywords: oil spill spreading, computational modeling, hydrodynamicsABSTRAKKawasan pesisir Cilacap memiliki potensi pengembangan wilayah yang sangat besar. Namun demikian, kawasan ini juga mempunyai ancaman terhadap pencemaran tumpahan minyak, terutama disebabkan oleh aktivitas kapal, kebocoran pipa, single point mooring (SPM), dan kapal nelayan yang dapat merusak ekosistem perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya. Karena itu, kajian persebaran minyak diperlukan untuk menyusun tindakan peringatan dini dan perlindungan kawasan pesisir Cilacap. Dalam kajian ini dilakukan pemodelan penyebaran minyak dengan menggunakan model tumpahan minyak dari DHI (Danish Hydraulic Institute) dan perangkat lunak MIKE-21 modul Particle/Spill Analysis. Berbagai parameter inputan data diperoleh dari data sekunder dan hasil survei lapangan pada 8-14 Januari dan 10 16 September 2012. Terdapat empat model skenario penyebaran disusun dan hasil akhir divalidasi dengan hasil pengukuran. Sebagai hasil, arah persebaran dan konsentrasi tumpahan minyak untuk tiap skenario sangat bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu tergantung pada kondisi hidrodinamika perairan yang ada. Pada bulan Januari  tumpahan minyak dari dermaga area 70 cenderung menyebar ke hulu S. Donan dan di sekitar P. Nusakambangan dengan ketebalan slick antara 0,0001-2,1 mm dan tumpahan minyak dari SPM tersebar ke selatan keluar ari domain model. Pada bulan September tumpahan minyak di dermaga area 70 tersebar ka arah hulu S Donan dengan ketebalan slick antara 0,001-2,7 mm dan tumpahan minyak di SPM tersebar merata ke seluruh wialayah perairan Cilacap dengan ketebalan slick antara 0,001- 1 mm. Hasil kajian ini sangat penting sebagai dasar perencanaan upaya peringatan dini tumpahan minyak dan meminimalisasi dampak tumpahan minyak. Validasi data pasang surut hasil pemodelan dan pengukuran lapangan dari Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang nyata.Kata kunci: persebaran tumpahan minyak, pemodelan komputasi, hidrodinamika
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Method on Measuring CO2 Emission from Road-Based Transportation System (Case Study: Entire Fuel Consumption, Bus Rapid Transit, and Highway in Jakarta, Indonesia) Adhi, Rizky Pratama
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (344.061 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2840

Abstract

ABSTRAKSistem transportasi darat berbasis jalan di Jakarta memberikan kontribusi tertinggi dalam inventarisasi emisi CO2 DKI Jakarta sebesar 45% dengan jumlah 19,61 juta ton CO2 pada tahun 2005. Meskipun ada beberapa strategi pada berbagai peraturan, kebijakan, dan kegiatan yang mengarah pada pengurangan emisi CO2, tata kelola hal-hal tersebut terpecah dalam hal mendefinisikan metode yang dapat diandalkan dalam mengukur emisi CO2 dari sektor transportasi berbasis jalan darat. Pendekatan top-down yang digunakan pada tahun 2005 tampaknya tidak valid untuk digunakan pada masa mendatang. Sementara itu, menggunakan metode yang sama pada tahun 2015, emisi CO2 meningkat 270% dan mencapai hampir 50 juta ton CO2. Karena data jarak tempuh kendaraan (VKT) tidak memadai, tesis ini memperkirakan emisi CO2 dari 379 km jalan di Jakarta, yang terdiri dari 139 km jalan tol dan 240 km jalur BRT, menghasilkan sebanyak 15,21 juta ton CO2 pada tahun 2015. Perhitungan ini hanya mencakup 6% dari total jalan di Jakarta. Meskipun, hal ini hanya bagian integral dari seluruh perhitungan emisi CO2 dari transportasi darat, jumlah ini mencapai 30% dari hasil top-down. Penulis juga melakukan studi banding dengan Beijing dan New Delhi. Indonesia tertinggal di belakang Cina dan India dalam menerapkan standar emisi kendaraan. Dalam mengembangkan metode yang tepat pada perhitungan emisi CO2 sektor transportasi berbasis jalan darat; data yang memadai harus sering direkap. Beijing dan New Delhi berada di garis terdepan dalam hal data VKT, sementara Jakarta masih dianggap menggunakan data konsumsi bahan bakar (pendekatan top-down).Kata Kunci: transportasi darat, emisi CO2, konsumsi bahan bakar, jarak tempuh kendaraan (VKT)ABSTRACTThe road-based transportation system in Jakarta contributed the highest rank on the inventory of city's CO2 emission as much as 45% with the amount of 19.61 million ton CO2 in 2005. Although there were some ample strategies on the various regulations, policies, and projects that led to a reduction of CO2 emission, the governance of those plans are scattered in term of defining the reliable method on measuring traffic-related CO2 emission. The top-down approach that utilise in 2005 seemed not valid to be used in the future. Meanwhile, using the same method in 2015, the traffic-related CO2 emission increased 270% and reached almost 50 million tons CO2. Due to the inadequate vehicle kilometer travelled (VKT) data, this thesis estimates the CO2 emission from 379 km roads in Jakarta, consisting of 139 km of highway and 240 km of BRT lanes, resulted as much as 15.21 million tons CO2 in 2015. This calculation only covers 6% of the total road in Jakarta. Although, it is only an integral part of the whole CO2 emission inventory form road-based transportation, this number reaches 30% from the top-down result. The author also did the comparative study with Beijing and New Delhi. Indonesia is lagging behind China and India in implementing the vehicle emission standards. In develop precise method on traffic-related CO2 emission; the adequate data should be recorded frequently. Beijing and New Delhi are in the forefront in term of VKT data, while Jakarta still deemed to utilise the gasoline consumption data (top-down approach).Keywords: road-based transportation system, CO2 emission, gasoline consumption, vehicle kilometer travelled (VKT)   
Respon Oksigen Terlarut Terhadap Pencemaran dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keberadaan Sumber Daya Ikan di Sungai Citarum Sugianti, Yayuk; Astuti, Lismining Pujiyani
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.852 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2488

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) be the most attention parameter because can reflect the water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Along the main flow of Citarum river conditions are already heavily polluted due to waste input both household and urban waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste and livestock also, this conditions causes disruption for organism that are inside, one of them is fish. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in water quality due to pollution through the distribution pattern of the DO concentration by performing simulations using models Streeter & Phelps and their effects on fish life in the Citarum River. The results showed the high value of BOD in Citarum River led to a DO decrease, which indicates that this river has been under pressure utilization that exceeds the carrying capacity. This condition affects the presence of fish in Citarum river,where there has been a reduction the types of fish. Only fish that are resistant to low DO conditions that can survive in Citarum river.Keywords: dissolved oxygen, Streeter Phelps model, Citarum RiverABSTRAKKonsentrasi oksigen terlarut (DO) menjadi parameter yang paling banyak mendapat perhatian karena mencerminkan kualitas air dan kesehatan suatu ekosistem perairan. Sepanjang aliran sungai utama Citarum kondisi perairannya sudah tercemar berat diakibatkan masukan limbah, baik itu limbah rumah tangga dan perkotaan, limbah industri, juga limbah pertanian dan peternakan, kondisi ini menyebabkan gangguan bagi organisme yang ada di dalamnya salah satunya adalah ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perubahan kualitas perairan akibat pencemaran melalui pola sebaran konsentrasi DO dengan melakukan simulasi menggunakan model Streeter & Phelps dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan ikan di Sungai Citarum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingginya nilai BOD di Sungai Citarum menyebabkan penurunan DO, yang mengindikasikan bahwa sungai ini telah mengalami tekanan pemanfaatan yang melebihi daya dukungnya. Kondisi ini berpengaruh pada keberadaan ikan di Sungai Citarum, dimana telah terjadi pengurangan jenis-jenis ikan. Hanya ikan-ikan yang tahan terhadap kondisi DO rendah yang bisa bertahan hidup di Sungai Citarum.Kata kunci: oksigen terlarut, model Streeter Phelps, Sungai Citarum.

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