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Economit Journal

economit
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Published by Britain International for Academic Research Publisher

ISSN : - EISSN : 27755827 DOI : https://doi.org/10.33258

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Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance is an international journal using a peer-reviewed process published in February, May, August and November by Britain International for Academic Research Publisher (BIAR-Publisher). Economit welcomes research papers in economy, accountancy, management and other researches relating to the economy. It is published in both online and printed version.

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Articles 125 Documents

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Intentional Versus Incidental Inclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Enat Bank and Addis International Bank in Advancing Women’s Economic Empowerment through Microfinance in Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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This review article presents a comparative analysis of two Ethiopian commercial banks—Addis International Bank (AdIB) and Enat Bank, examining their respective approaches to women's economic empowerment through microfinance. Ethiopia presents a striking paradox: women own the majority of micro and small enterprises yet face a 19-percentage-point gap in account access and are 1.5 times less likely to receive formal loans than men. Closing these gender gaps could increase Ethiopia's GDP by an estimated US$3.7 billion annually. Using institutional theory, feminist economics, and the capability approach as analytical frameworks, this review contrasts AdIB's incidental inclusion model, broad-based financial access without gender-specific mechanisms, with Enat Bank's intentional inclusion model, gender-led governance, collateral-free lending, and targeted non-financial services. The analysis reveals that Enat Bank's approach produces superior empowerment outcomes, demonstrated by its "Transformational" rating on the National Bank of Ethiopia's Women's Financial Inclusion Scorecard, 12,000 women trained in financial literacy, 1.4 billion Birr disbursed in collateral-free loans, and a 99.1% repayment rate. AdIB, despite strong financial performance with 85% profit growth, was assessed as "Neutral" or in "Emerging Awareness," indicating foundational engagement with gender inclusion. The review concludes that women's economic empowerment is not an automatic byproduct of financial inclusion but a deliberate institutional design choice. Policy recommendations include gender-lens targets for banks, collateral substitution mechanisms, governance diversification, and expanded gender bonds. This analysis contributes evidence that intentional inclusion is both socially transformative and commercially viable, offering actionable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and development partners seeking to unlock Ethiopia's US$3.7 billion opportunity through women's economic empowerment.

Resolving Climate Uncertainty at Scale: A Social-Epistemic Analysis of Quantum-Informed Earth System Modeling and Climate Governance Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Climate uncertainty represents one of the most consequential challenges for contemporary governance, affecting trillions of dollars in infrastructure investment, agricultural planning, and international mitigation policy. This research presents a comprehensive social-epistemic analysis of how quantum-classical hybrid computational frameworks are reshaping the production, validation, and utilization of climate knowledge. Through systematic examination of two critical climate processes, soil respiration and atmospheric ice nucleation; demonstrate that quantum-informed parameterizations substantially reduce uncertainty: 30–40% for cirrus cloud feedback and 52.7% for projected carbon cycle feedbacks. These reductions expand remaining carbon budgets by approximately 2,500 Pg C, extend mitigation timelines by 36–94 years for 1.5°C and 2.0°C targets, and yield economic implications exceeding $500–2,000 trillion across carbon pricing scenarios. Our analysis reveals three transformation pathways: (1) epistemic democratization, replacing empirical fitting and expert judgment with first-principles physical constraints; (2) policy resilience, enhancing decision confidence and enabling more gradual transition pathways; and (3) institutional restructuring, creating new interdisciplinary collaborations between quantum chemists, climate modelers, and policy analysts. However, environmental justice analysis shows that uncertainty reduction benefits are non-uniformly distributed, with vulnerable regions (South Asia, Africa) experiencing greater reductions but requiring deliberate governance mechanisms to ensure equitable outcomes. We identify the governance challenge of avoiding moral hazard, using expanded carbon budgets to enable ambition rather than delay. This research advances social scientific understanding of computational governance and provides actionable recommendations for integrating quantum-informed climate projections into international assessment frameworks, national adaptation planning, and climate litigation contexts.

Data Traceability and Digital Quality Infrastructure in Africa: A Systematic Review of Export Compliance for EU, US, and East Asian Markets Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The current scenario of international trade is undergoing a major change, where data traceability and DQI are becoming crucial factors that will determine access to markets for products from Africa. The current literature review aims to systematically review existing literature on the challenges faced by African exporters to meet the rigorous compliance standards in Europe, the USA, and East Asia. It is observed that the main barriers faced by African producers include poor metrology systems, supply chain issues, poor digital connectivity, and high compliance costs of about USD 20,000 for small and medium-sized enterprises. Such issues are further complicated by increasingly complex regulatory regimes like the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which require a new level of supply chain visibility, geolocation confirmation, and verified carbon measurement. While continental bodies like the Pan African Quality Infrastructure (PAQI) and Intra-Africa Metrology System (AFRIMETS) offer institutional frameworks, there remain substantial gaps in implementation. Innovations at the national level, such as Ethiopia’s Coffee Traceability and Management System, show the possibilities of customized solutions. The paper has been able to highlight important gaps in the literature and provide some recommendations that will be helpful for policymakers, exporters, and development partners. The study claims that the use of digital technology to improve the quality of infrastructure, harmonize standards, and build capacity could help turn compliance into an advantage for African exporters. Considering the fact that the deadline for EUDR compliance is fast approaching in December 2026, it is imperative to act now to ensure Africa's place in global value chains.

Integrating Wireless Sensor Networks and Machine Learning for Proactive Safety and Operational Risk Management on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Transport Corridor Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The Addis Ababa–Djibouti corridor serves as Ethiopia's economic lifeline, handling approximately 95% of the nation's international trade. Despite its strategic importance, the corridor faces significant safety and operational challenges, with heavy goods vehicles involved in 6,914 crashes (14.85% of the total) in 2024, resulting in 715 fatalities. Railway operations are constrained by outdated signaling systems, limiting capacity to only two trains between stations. This study develops an integrated framework combining wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and machine learning for proactive safety monitoring and operational risk management along the corridor. The methodology employs a multi-tier WSN architecture with edge and cloud computing, utilizing gravitational search algorithms for optimal node placement. Machine learning models, Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM, were trained on 2,000 accident records (2018–2023), with SMOTE addressing class imbalance. Random Forest achieved 82% accuracy (AUC-ROC: 0.87), identifying driver age (mean 44 years), nighttime on unlit roads (+62% fatal probability), and rainy conditions as key severity predictors. The proposed WSN-based railway signaling enables 3–4 trains to operate between stations simultaneously, representing a 50–100% capacity increase. Integration of sensor networks and ML enables a fundamental shift from reactive to proactive risk management, with estimated benefits including 15–25% accident reduction, 20–30% maintenance cost savings, and 15–25% extension of infrastructure lifespan. The framework directly aligns with the World Bank’s USD 500 million, Regional Economic Corridor Project and offers a scalable, replicable model for deploying intelligent transport systems across developing economies. This research contributes the first integrated sensor-ML framework for an African trade corridor, offering practical evidence for policy formulation and technology investment prioritization.

Synergizing Business, Digital Infrastructure, and Precision Resource Management for Agricultural Sustainability: A Quadruple-Helix Analysis Of Ethiopia's Emerging Agritech Ecosystem Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 4 (2026): Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (November)
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Ethiopia’s agricultural sector remains the backbone of the national economy, contributing approximately 40 percent of GDP, 80 percent of export earnings, and more than 75 percent of employment. The overwhelming majority of production is generated by more than 12 million smallholder farming households operating under predominantly rainfed conditions. This dual character, strategic economic importance combined with structural vulnerability, defines the country’s agricultural development challenges. Climate shocks, rainfall variability, land degradation, limited access to quality inputs, and fragmented value chains continue to constrain productivity and rural livelihoods. In response, successive national strategies have sought to modernize the sector. The Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI) framework laid early foundations, while more recent initiatives under the Agricultural Transformation Institute and the Digital Ethiopia 2025 and 2030 agendas have elevated digital technologies as central instruments of change. Digital agriculture is increasingly viewed not merely as a set of tools but as a systemic enabler capable of improving advisory services, input delivery, market access, resource efficiency, and climate resilience. Realizing this potential, however, requires coordinated action beyond technology deployment alone. Effective transformation depends on synergistic collaboration among government, research institutions, private sector actors, and farmers themselves. This study situates Ethiopia’s digital agriculture transition within a quadruple-helix innovation framework, examining how these actors interact to generate scalable and sustainable outcomes. Understanding these dynamics is essential for converting policy ambition into measurable gains in productivity, equity, and environmental sustainability.

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Muhammad Ridwan

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biarpublisherr@gmail.com

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MAIN OFFICE Economit - Journal Indonesia Komplek Jasari Muslim Jl. Perjuangan, Bandar Klippa, Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20371, Indonesia

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