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Nucleus Journal
Published by Universitas Darul Ulum
ISSN : 29644097     EISSN : 29644100     DOI : 10.32492/nucleus
Core Subject :
Nucleus Journal: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi is a peer-reviewed journal published by Universitas Darul Ulum. Nucleus Journal is a publication of research results of Students, Lecturers and Practitioners in the field of Science and Technology. Fields of study include; Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Informatics Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Agricultural Sciences, Architecture, Engineering Education, And Other Engineering Fields.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 64 Documents
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Casement Windows With and Without Screens: CFD Study on Lighting, Thermal, and Malaria Cornelia Hildegardis
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i1.5111A

Abstract

Despite growing evidence linking housing design to malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, quantitative CFD-based evidence on window screen effects within the Indonesian context remains scarce, particularly in endemic districts such as Sikka Regency. This study evaluates the effect of casement windows with and without mosquito screens on natural lighting performance and thermal conditions in dwellings, and assesses the potential implications for indoor microclimate conditions relevant to malaria vector activity. A case study of a PUPR model house in Sikka Regency was conducted using direct field measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze airflow, temperature, and humidity distributions under two window scenarios. Results showed that screened windows reduced average natural lighting from 96 lux to 87 lux and increased indoor relative humidity by 13.51% (up to 68.03%) compared to unscreened windows. Unscreened windows produced more effective cross ventilation, more stable indoor temperatures, and lower humidity—conditions less conducive to mosquito persistence. Conversely, screened windows restricted airflow, triggered stagnant air zones, raised local temperatures, and increased humidity, conditions that may increase the likelihood of mosquito persistence or presence indoors. These findings suggest that passive window design decisions carry significant implications for indoor microclimate quality in malaria-endemic tropical dwellings, and should be integrated into healthy housing design guidelines for endemic regions.
Design and Construction of an IoT-Based Water Pump Cart with a Sliding Solar Panel System for Agricultural Applications Sulistiyanto Sulistiyanto; Anis Yusrotun Nadhiroh; Ilmirrizki Imanuddin
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i1.5114

Abstract

Limited access to energy and irrigation in agricultural areas has driven the development of efficient and autonomous renewable energy-based water pumping systems. This study aims to design and implement a mobile solar-powered water pumping system integrated with an Internet of Things (IoT) platform and a sliding photovoltaic (PV) mechanism to enhance energy harvesting. The methodology includes integrated system design (mechanical, electrical, and IoT), system implementation, and experimental performance testing. The developed system utilizes an 800 Wp PV array, a 12 V 200 Ah battery, soil moisture sensors, and an IoT platform for real-time monitoring. Experimental results show that the system is capable of delivering a water discharge of approximately 1200 liters/hour and meeting irrigation demands of 1500 liters within 1.25 hours. The effective energy of 1200 Wh is sufficient to support pump consumption of around 1000 Wh per cycle, enabling stable and autonomous operation. Furthermore, field implementation indicates an increase in crop yield by approximately 36% and a reduction in harvesting time by 17%. In conclusion, the proposed IoT-based solar water pumping system with a sliding PV mechanism is technically feasible, energy-efficient, and has strong potential as a sustainable irrigation solution for small-scale farmers in remote areas.
Kruskal's MST versus ACO-TSP for Mineral Water Distribution Route Optimization in Manado City Nastasia F. Margini; Rizqa Azhaara; Sulistyo Wati; Tsabita Imania
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i1.5113

Abstract

Efficient distribution route planning is a key factor in reducing logistics costs. This study compares the effectiveness of the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) using Kruskal and Floyd-Warshall algorithms against the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach combined with the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) for optimizing mineral water distribution routes in Manado City, Indonesia. Distance data between six distribution points (one depot and five Indomaret outlets) were obtained from digital maps and modeled as a weighted graph. MST was analyzed manually using Kruskal and Floyd-Warshall algorithms, then validated using POM-QM for Windows 5 software. The results show that MST with Kruskal produces the shortest total distance of 9.14 km, consistent with software validation. In contrast, the ACO-TSP approach yields a longer distance of 18.14 km, or 98.5% longer. Computational complexity analysis reveals the superiority of Kruskal with O(E log E) compared to Floyd-Warshall with O(V³) and ACO with O(n²·t). In conclusion, for small-scale distribution networks with simple topology, the deterministic MST method outperforms the ACO metaheuristic. Managerially, for small-scale distribution networks (≤10 nodes), companies can rely on simple MST algorithms without investing in complex metaheuristic parameter tuning, reducing planning time and computational costs.
Flexural and Microstructural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using River and Beach Sand Aggregates Muhammad Irwansyah; Dwi Maharani
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i1.5115

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of river sand and beach sand as fine aggregates on the flexural behavior, mechanical properties, and microstructural characteristics of reinforced concrete beams. The increasing scarcity of river sand and environmental concerns associated with excessive mining have encouraged the exploration of alternative fine aggregates such as beach sand. However, the high chloride content and different particle characteristics of beach sand may affect concrete performance and durability. In this research, reinforced concrete beams were experimentally evaluated using two types of fine aggregates and two reinforcement configurations, namely plain and deformed reinforcement bars. The experimental program included compressive strength testing, flexural testing under two-point loading, water absorption testing, porosity analysis, and microstructural characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that concrete containing river sand exhibited higher compressive strength and lower porosity compared to concrete containing beach sand. The average compressive strength of river sand concrete reached 24.85 MPa, while beach sand concrete achieved 17.69 MPa. Flexural testing indicated that beams reinforced with deformed bars demonstrated better performance than beams with plain reinforcement. SEM observations revealed that beach sand concrete possessed a more porous microstructure and weaker interfacial transition zones, while XRD analysis confirmed that the primary hydration products remained similar for both concrete types. Overall, beach sand has potential as an alternative fine aggregate, although additional treatment and quality control are required to improve its mechanical and durability performance.

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