Focus and Scope Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat is an open access and peer-reviewed journal that provides an academic platform for legal scholarship, particularly in the areas of governance policy, civil rights law, legal protection, and contemporary legal development. The journal welcomes articles that examine law as an instrument to regulate, protect, and transform society through critical, normative, empirical, and comparative legal analysis. Focus The journal aims to disseminate high-quality legal research, conceptual thought, and critical analysis in the field of law. It encourages scholarly contributions that address legal problems in Indonesia and beyond, especially those related to legal certainty, justice, public accountability, human rights protection, institutional governance, and the development of legal norms in society. To-ra also seeks to strengthen dialogue between legal theory and legal practice by publishing articles that examine legislation, court decisions, legal institutions, public policy, law enforcement, and emerging socio-legal issues in national, regional, and international contexts. Scope of Publication The scope of Jurnal Hukum to-ra includes, but is not limited to, the following areas: Constitutional and Administrative Law Constitutional institutions, regional elections, legislative formation, public participation, administrative justice, government authority, public service, and state administrative disputes. Civil, Business, and Economic Law Contracts, property, fiduciary security, bankruptcy, corporate responsibility, taxation, transfer pricing, consumer protection, and legal certainty in business relations. Criminal Law and Criminology Criminal liability, criminal justice, narcotics, cybercrime, fraud, hacking, corporate crime, law enforcement, criminal policy, and criminological analysis. Digital Law and Data Protection Personal data protection, privacy rights, financial technology, electronic transactions, digital evidence, deepfake, social engineering, and online platforms. Human Rights and Civil Rights Law Equality before the law, access to justice, privacy, consumer rights, workers’ rights, public participation, vulnerable groups, and social justice. Environmental, Health, and Labor Law Environmental protection, administrative sanctions, hospital liability, medical discipline, health law, occupational rights, maternity protection, and regulatory compliance. Legal Pluralism, Customary, and Religious Jurisprudence Legal pluralism, customary institutions, religious jurisprudence, halal product assurance, community-based legal norms, and living law. International, Comparative, and Contemporary Legal Issues Comparative law, international legal regimes, cross-border legal problems, governance in developing and emerging countries, and new legal challenges.