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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 64 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 21 no. 11 (2020)" : 64 Documents clear
Optimum growth conditions of Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in ?-galactosidase enzyme production Aafiyah Wahyu Nur Indah -; ROHMATUSSOLIHAT ROHMATUSSOLIHAT; WINIATI PUDJI RAHAYU; FITRI SETYONINGRUM; GUNAWAN PRIADI; FIFI AFIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211147

Abstract

Abstract. Indah AWN, Rohmatussolihat, Rahayu WP, Setyoningrum F, Priadi G, Afianti F. 2020. Optimum growth conditions of Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in ?-galactosidase enzyme production. Biodiversitas 21: 5403-5407. Deficiency of ?-galactosidase enzyme causes lactose to become undigested in gastrointestinal system, therefore the system needs further addition of external ?-galactosidase. The sources ?-galactosidase enzyme varies from plants, animals, and microorganisms. In industrial applications, microorganisms have become a considered potential source of ?-galactosidase. Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 had high ?-galactosidase enzyme activity, which was 7.93 U/mL. The aim of this research was to optimize the growth condition of L. brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in order to produce maximum ?-galactosidase enzyme activity. This research consisted of performing optimization processes using design expert 7.0 (DX7) program with response surface methodology (RSM) and partial purification of ?-galactosidase enzyme. The results of this research showed that the optimum growth conditions of L. brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 were in 1.48% lactose level, incubation temperature of 34.91 °C, incubation time of 48.48 hours, and 2.83% inoculum size with desirability value of 0.839. The result of enzyme purification showed that value of ?-galactosidase enzyme activity increased up to 22.88 ± 0.29 U/mL with purification yield of 11.65%.
Species richness and longitudinal distribution of crustaceans in the Logawa River, Banyumas, Indonesia Moh. Husein Sastranegara; KUSBIYANTO KUSBIYANTO; ANASTASIA ENDANG PULUNGSARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211137

Abstract

Abstract. Sastranegara MH, Kusbiyanto, Pulungsari AE. 2020. Species richness and longitudinal distribution of crustaceans in the Logawa River, Banyumas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5322-5330. The Logawa River originates in a forest on Slamet Mountain and empties into the Serayu River. In this river, crustaceans play an important role as river macrobenthos. This research aimed to evaluate the species richness and longitudinal distribution of crustaceans. The research method was a stratified random sampling technique at eight stations with five replicates. Crustacean samples were collected using a Surber net, and water samples were taken with a water sampler. The results showed that there were six species of Decapoda in the river. Of these six species, three were shrimps and three were crabs. In longitudinal distribution, the shrimp Macrobrachium idae could be categorized as a cosmopolitan species that inhabited all stations, although there were several river branches before Stations IV (Cangkring Stream), V (Mengaji Stream), and VI (Banjaran Stream), bedrock substrate at Station I, high ammonia at all stations and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) between Stations IV and VIII. The crab Varuna litterata was found only at Station VI. In general, the species richness decreased after Station IV due to COD from the riverside. This was caused by human activities such as stone and sand excavation and overfishing in the habitat. The upstream habitat with its bedrock substrate was not suitable for decapods, except for cosmopolitan species.  
The distribution and density of Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) at potential corridor locations between forest fragments in Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia ARFAH NASUTION; DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH; S. SUCI UTAMI-ATMOKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211144

Abstract

Abstract. Nasution A, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Utami-Atmoko SS. 2020. The distribution and density of Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) at potential corridor locations between forest fragments in Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5382-5388. The newly discovered Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is in danger of being lost in a few decades due to their small population number in fragmented forest of Batang Toru. The major threats faced by this critically endangered ape, including: hunting, habitat loss, and fragmentation due to large infrastructure development and other developments in the key corridor area. The establishment of corridor and buffer zone is one such effort to maintain their population and bring them from the brink of extinction. Data on the population and distribution are needed to assess and provide baseline information for investigating the habitat condition of potential corridors and buffer zones. This study aimed to analyze population and distribution of Tapanui orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in buffer zone and potential corridor of Batang Toru. Our study provides an initial dataset prior to the development of the hydrodam, which is important to understand the future post-development impact. The study was carried out in disturbed (Hutaimbaru and Bulu Mario) and undisturbed forest (Sitandiang and Hopong) of Batang Toru from June 2015 until February 2016. Orangutan nest, fig (Ficus spp.), and trees bearing fruit were recorded using a line transect method. This research showed that population and distribution of orangutan were influenced by forest conditions, threat level, and fruit availability. There were fewer nests per km2 in disturbed forest than in undisturbed forest, resulting in an orangutan density estimation to be 0.24 ind/km2, 0.14 ind/ km2 (Hutaimbaru and Bulu Mario) and 0.74 ind/km2, 0.36 ind/km2 (Sitandiang and Hopong). Number of nest in transects was influenced by the availability of fig class I and class II, but not fruit tree. The APL forest of Sitandiang is key area to connect the three populations of Tapanuli orangutan: east Batang Toru, west Batang Toru, and Sibualbuali. Furthermore, orangutan’s nests were encountered both in protected and non-protected forest, thus protection of such areas, especially areas including primary forest that harbor orangutan is essential for their long term survival. The conservation measures and action Tapanuli orangutan is alarming, thus we recommend all remaining habitat should be officially and strictly protected and collaboration work with multi-stakeholder is essential to establish the corridor as well as the strategic management plan of Tapanuli orangutan.
The Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Diversity, conservation and utilization Esti Munawaroh; YUZAMMI YUZAMMI; Y. PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211106

Abstract

Abstract. Munawaroh E, Yuzammi, Purwanto Y. 2020. The Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Diversity, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 21: 5021-5031. Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family) is the fourth largest family world-wide, consists of 1,354 species and 91 genera. The family is also a part of the Bogor Botanic Gardens collections. The Gardens has evolved to fulfill its mission through five principal functions: conservation, research, education, tourism, and environmental services. The aims of this study are to reveal the diversity, conservation, and its potential in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. This research was based on direct observation of all members of Euphorbiaceae family in the Gardens, as well as Registration Unit and the Garden’s catalog which were observed for more than 10 years. The Gardens collected 39 genera, 71 species, and 136 specimens where 91 specimens are trees, 38 specimens are shrubs, three specimens are climbers and four specimens are succulents. Most of the collections are native to Indonesia 75.91% (103 specimens) and only 33 specimens (24.09%) from overseas. Amongst native collections have dominated from Jawa 25.54% (34 specimens), Sumatra 24.08% (33 specimens). The others are from Sulawesi 9.48% (13 specimens), Kalimantan 7.29% (10 specimens), Maluku 6.56% (9 specimens), Papua 2.28% (three specimens), and Nusa Tenggara Timur 0.72% (one specimen). Many species of the family have potentially developed as traditional medicinal plants (11 species), ornamental plants (16 species), spices and vegetable (two species), timbers (14 species), rubber plants (one species), source of energy (two species) and toxic (six species). Several old collections have retained at the Gardens that aged over 75 years, such as Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull. Arg. forma mollis, Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Arg., Acalypha hispida Burm. var. sanderi (N.E.Br.) J. J. Sm., Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Arg. forma Montana, Sapium aucuparium Jacq. and Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Heckel. A map of planting point of the Euphorbiaceae collections is provided.
Review: The conservation of Tengger indigenous people's traditional knowledge of biological natural resource?based disease treatments EMILDA KUSPRANINGRUM; THOHIR LUTH; YULIATI YULIATI; RACHMAD SAFA’AT; Harlinda Kuspradini
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211108

Abstract

Abstract. Kuspraningrum E, Luth T, Yuliati, Safa'at R, Kuspradini H. 2020. Review: The conservation of Tengger indigenous people's traditional knowledge of biological natural resource?based disease treatments. Biodiversitas 21: 5040-5053. The indigenous people of Tengger, a community living around Bromo Mountain in East Java, frequently use ethnic knowledge to process biological natural resources into medicines used to cure diseases. These include Foeniculum vulgare Mill. tree, Tithonia diversifolia/insulin tree, Mikania cordata L. and Bidens pilosa tree, Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn., and Acorus calamus L. This intelligence is acquired consciously to solve health problems. In addition, the bond between the community and nature is highly philosophical, hence the presence of respect and maintaining the harmony of Knowledge obtained from nature ensures life continuity. Therefore, the belief is passed on through the generations, and traditional knowledge is attained following the gain of existence. This phenomenon is proven by numerous modern researches with scientific methods that admit the plant healing properties. In addition, traditional knowledge is a significant topic of interest in the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity, and was thus ratified by Law Number 5 of 1994. The object of this research is potential medicinal plants for healing and tengger indigenous people’s conservation model is to provide a platform to protect the interest of biological resources, including their use in the field of medicines belonging to indigenous peoples. Therefore, the empirical interdisciplinary research involves the compilation of data from the collection of similar scientific journals, for use as evidence. This is important to ascertain the existence of traditional medicine based on natural resources, followed by integrations with other disciplines, including the laws to be developed concerning the best protection methods. Furthermore, this investigation is essential for identifying the philosophical values of Tengger people, the importance of knowledge conservation, and recognizing the laws and regulations-based efforts aimed at protecting information on plant-based medicine production from extinction and biopiracy. These considerations are important because the absence of government intervention, alongside the preservation of plant species and traditional knowledge on treatment predisposes the possibility of destruction.
Effects of permeable barriers on total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangrove forests and abandoned ponds in Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia Trialaksita Sari Priska Ardhani; DANIEL MURDIYARSO; CECEP KUSMANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211134

Abstract

Abstract. Authors. 2020. Effects of permeable barriers on total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangrove forests and abandoned ponds in Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5298-5307.  In this study, we observed the effects of constructing permeable barriers in the low-lying coastal zone and severely eroded coast of Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia in the context of mangrove forest structures and carbon (C) dynamics. Forest structures were characterized by stand density, basal area, and ecological indices. The dynamics of C, expressed as total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS), were compared in mangrove forests, abandoned ponds, and productive ponds by estimating C pools from above- and belowground biomass, dead organic matter, and soil. We found that permeable barriers, whether or not protect mangroves, results in the similarity of above- and belowground C due to no considerable difference in basal area. By contrast, soil properties in terms of bulk density, N concentration, and C:N ratio statistically varied among sites. We discovered that changes in soil properties were associated with duration of permeable barriers, resulting in an increase of soil C in mangrove sites, i.e., 618.84±30.39 Mg C ha?1; 704.13±17.73 Mg C ha?1; and 759.88±15.26 Mg C ha?1 in 0-, 1-, and 4-year-old permeable barriers, respectively. Moreover, these barriers were proved not only could enrich soil C in mangroves but also provide a habitat for Avicennia sp. seedlings in the newly reclaimed coastline.
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi in Pometia pinnata against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Ratna Setyaningsih; Ari Susilowati; Dina Prasetyani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211148

Abstract

Abstract. Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are able to produce bioactive compounds which potentially contain medicinal ingredients. Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst & G. Forst) is one of Indonesian medicinal plants. This research aims to test antibacterial activities of ethyl acetate extract of matoa’s endophytic fungi to Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and also identify isolates having high antibacterial activity. Initial test on antibacterial activity was conducted by using paper disc diffusion, while advanced test was conducted by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fungi were identified in morphological and molecular manner with amplification and sequencing of ITS region. Bacterial cells exposed to the extract were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Isolate AM72 was found out to have the highest antibacterial activity compared to other 12 isolates tested, with inhibition zone diameter of 31.57 mm to S. aureus and 22.87 mm to MRSA. Isolate AM72 was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Isolate BMB identified as Aspergillus oryzae produced inhibition zone with 21.96 mm diameter to S. aureus and 21.50 mm diameter to MRSA. Advanced test to isolate AM72 gave the same MIC results to S. aureus and MRSA of 1.56%. Antibacterial compound produced by isolate AM72 were found out to be able to damage bacterial cell walls. Keywords: Antibacterial, Endohpytic Fungi, Matoa, S. aureus, MRSA  
Short Communication: The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) for identification of batoids collected from landed sites in Medan, Indonesia MUFTI SUDIBYO; khairiza lubis; ACHMAD FARAJALLAH; NISFA HANIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211149

Abstract

Abstract. Lubis K, Sudibyo M, Farajallah A, Hanim N. 2020. Short Communication: The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) for identification of batoids collected from landing sites in Medan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5414-5421.  Batoids are member of Elsamoranch subclass which consist of many species. Most of batoids species are overexploited, especially in Medan Indonesia. Up to presents, the information about diversity of rays on the east coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia was very limited. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the diversity of rays on the east coast of North Sumatra. We examined the morphological trait of 82 individuals of batoid from three landing sites on the east coast of North Sumatra, namely: Tanjung Balai, Belawan, and Percut, then identify its species based on determination key. After that, we collected pectoral muscle tissue from an individual in each species which successfully identified to extract its genomic DNA. Molecular based identification was carried out by using DNA fragment form COI gene. The successfully amplificated COI gene DNA fragment then was sequenced and analyzed. Based on morphological trait, we successfully identifying nine species of batoid, which is Maculabatis gerrardi, Gymnura poecilura, Dasyatis zugei, Brevitrygon heterura, Neotrygon kuhlii, Hemitrygon bennettii, Rhinobatos jimbaranensis, Rhinoptera javanica, and Taeniura lymma. The result of identification based on COI gene DNA fragment was in congruent with morphological-based identification based on data BLAST-N and genetic distance value within same species. The nucleotide diversity within same species ranged from 0-15 nucleotide variants.
Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera) across rainforest transformation systems in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia RAWATI PANJAITAN; JOCHEN DRESCHER; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; DJUNIJANTI PEGGIE; IDHAM SAKTI HARAHAP; STEFAN SCHEU; PURNAMA HIDAYAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211117

Abstract

Abstract. Panjaitan R, Drescher J, Buchori D, Peggie D, Harahap IS, Scheu S, Hidayat P. 2020. Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera) across rainforest transformation systems in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5119-5127. The high rate of land conversion has put pressure on biodiversity, especially in the tropics. The lowlands of Sumatra, for example, are dominated by increasingly extensive areas of oil palm and rubber monoculture plantations, while rainforests are continuously vanishing. The status of many rainforest animal populations, including iconic insect groups such as butterflies, is largely unclear. With a rapid assessment approach, we studied butterflies along land-use gradients from lowland rainforest, via jungle rubber plantations (rubber agroforest system), to monocultures of rubber and oil palm in Jambi Province, Sumatra. Butterflies were caught in a nested replication design at eight research plots at each of the forest, jungle rubber, and rubber and oil palm locations. Butterfly abundance was the highest in the rainforest (204.3±82.1), slightly lower in the jungle rubber and oil palm areas (164.9±61 and 169.3±94.9, respectively), and the lowest in the rubber plantation (108.8±38.5). Similarly, butterfly species richness was the highest in the forest and jungle rubber areas (47.1±7.7 and 38.8±7.6, respectively), followed by the oil palm area (33.3±9.8), and the lowest in the rubber plantation (26.1±9.1). Likewise, Shannon-Wiener diversity was the highest in the rainforest, at an intermediate level in the jungle rubber, and lowest in the oil palm and rubber plantations. Butterfly community composition in the rainforest was very different from that in the other three land-use systems, in which it was similar. Overall, the study demonstrates that rainforest butterfly communities cannot be sustained in agricultural systems, highlighting the importance of rainforests for conserving the diversity of arthropods.
Molecular characteristics of two phenotypically identical species of Asteraceae based on the intergenic spacer trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA) AGUS HERY SUSANTO; Murni Dwiati; Salabila Pratiwi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211122

Abstract

Abstract. Susanto AH, Dwiati M, Pratiwi S. 2020. Molecular characteristics of two phenotypically identical species of Asteraceae based on the intergenic spacer trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA). Biodiversitas 21: 5164-5169. Ogiera (Eleutheranthera ruderalis) and nodeweed (Synedrella nodiflora) are two different weed species belonging to the family Asteraceae commonly found in tropical regions. At a glance, both species show highly identical morphology, thus leading to difficulty in distinguishing between them. Therefore, molecular data based on particular markers are required. Here, we use an intergenic spacer (IGS) in the cpDNA, i.e., trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA), as the molecular marker to reveal the difference between the two species. A pair of PCR universal primers, i.e., B48557 as the forward primer and A49291 as the reverse primer, were employed to amplify the marker. Sequence alignment was performed by the use of ClustalW implemented in Bioedit version 7.0.4.1. The results revealed that some differences with respect to both indel and base substitution were observed. Overall, this led to longer IGS trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA) sequences of E. ruderalis than those of S. nodiflora. Although no direct relationship between the genetic and phenotypic dissimilarities was proven, coincidence seemed likely to exist. This provides molecular evidence that the two phenotypically similar species are genetically different from each other.

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