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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 64 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 22 no. 8 (2021)" : 64 Documents clear
Heritability and genetic advancement on agronomic characters of Toraja red rice x Inpari-4 white rice genotypes Y L Limbongan; Driyunitha DRIYUNITHA; Rinaldi Sjahril; MUH. RIADI; IRMA JAMALUDDIN; ANDI MULIANI OKASA; NURHAYA J. PANGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220842

Abstract

Abstract. Limbongan YL, Driyunitha, Sjahril R, Riadi M, Jamaluddin I, Okasa AM, Panga NJ. 2021. Heritability and genetic advancement on agronomic characters of Toraja red rice x Inpari-4 white rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 3446-3451. Determination of genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance on specific agronomic characters of cross-breed red rice genotypes (Toraja red rice Pare Lea’ x Inpari-4) was done in Tallunglipu, North Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design. Twenty-one days old seedlings were transplanted following the system of rice intensification practices. Selection was conducted at F2 as a novel method to speed up genetic advancement and ensure progeny production with desired agronomic traits. Results indicated existence of a considerably high level of diversity among genotypes tested, where the highest value for genetic advance was observed in filled-grain weight per hill of F2 plants (983.890), followed by plant height (335.124), and filled-grain weight per hill of F1 (306.645). The highest estimate of broad-sense heritability was recorded in 1000-grain weight (0.915), number of productive tillers (0.788), plant height (0.765), flag leaf length (0.705), filled-grain weight per hill (0.688), and harvest age (0.594). Genetic advance of agronomic characters between genotypes varied from 1.631-38%, where the highest estimate was recorded in filled-grain weight per hill (38%) and plant height (24.648%). The above-mentioned characters could be used for selection in further rice breeding programs to obtain plants with superior genotypes.
Mitochondrial DNA suggests the existence of two distinct species in Moluccas and New Guinea within Nyctimystes infrafrenatus (Günther, 1867) Taufan Nurzaman Sulaeman; AMIR HAMIDY; ACHMAD FARAJALLAH; ANTOINE FOUQUET; AWAL RIYANTO; EVY ARIDA; MULYADI Mulyadi; WAHYU TRILAKSONO; MISBAHUL MUNIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220823

Abstract

Abstract. Sulaeman TN, Hamidy A, Farajallah A, Fouquet A, Riyanto A, Arida E, Mulyadi, Trilaksono W, Munir M. 2021. Mitochondrial DNA suggests the existence of two distinct species in Moluccas and New Guinea within Nyctimystes infrafrenatus (Günther, 1867). Biodiversitas 22: 3287-3297. Nyctimystes infrafrenatus is a widespread frog species distributed across northern Australia, New Guinea, Bismarck archipelago and in the eastern part of Indonesian archipelago. The species thus encompasses two biogeographic regions, Papua and Wallacea. We evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among the populations from Papua and Moluccas based on two mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I). Two major subclades are recovered within Nyctimystes infrafrenatus with subclade A being represented by populations from New Guinea and northern Australia and subclade B by Moluccan populations (Halmahera and Tidore). Genetic distances (2.3-4.2% in 16S rRNA) between these subclades suggest they could belong to distinct species. Since New Guinea populations correspond to the nominal species and that Nyctimystes tennuigranulatus (Boettger 1895), currently considered as a junior synonym of Nyctimystes infrafrenatus, is available for the northern Moluccan populations, we proposed to remove this taxon from synonymy. However, samples used in this study come from northern Moluccas, further studies including samples from Ambon (where another synonym was described i.e. Calamita dolichopsis) is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the southern Moluccan population whether they are conspecific with northern Moluccan population or not.
The genetic diversity and reproductive dynamics of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesia) in 2012-2019: designing conservation strategies in a continuous versus fragmented landrace Yeni Ratnaningrum; Sapto Indrioko; Amellita Karrin; Aditya Kurniawan; ANGGI D.C. PUTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220815

Abstract

Abstract. Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S, Karrin A, Kurniawan A, Putri ADC. 2021. The genetic diversity and reproductive dynamics of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesia) in 2012-2019: designing conservation strategies in a continuous versus fragmented landrace. Biodiversitas 22: 3219-3229. This research aimed to compare the dynamics of the genetic diversity, mating systems, and reproductive outputs of the most fragmented (Bejiharjo) and continuous (Bleberan) sandalwood landraces in Gunung Sewu in the flowering periods of 2012-2019. Among the different sandalwood landraces found in Gunung Sewu, Bejiharjo has the highest levels of santalol; unfortunately, this landrace also requires the most attention because of heavy habitat fragmentation resulting from overexploitation, urbanization, and cave-tourism activities. Compared with Bejiharjo, Bleberan demonstrated a wider genetic base and greater outcrossing. Mature and flowering individuals in Bejiharjo decreased from 2012 to 2019 as fragmentation increased, particularly in 2019, during which extreme individual reduction due to illegal logging and land conversion was noted. Recent years consisted of more-clonalized stands, as indicated by the finding of fewer distinct genotypes and higher clonality rates. Increases in clonality and narrowing of the genetic base over time increased selfing rates and reduced offspring heterozygosity and seedling recruitment. The dynamics of genetic diversity in Bleberan, which was relatively undisturbed, appeared to be highly affected by fluctuations in the number of parental genetic bases (i.e., flowering parents) in each flowering season. Some parents bore flowers in one flowering season but remained in a vegetative state in the following season. This irregularity of flowering individuals caused fluctuations in actual population size, resulting in a different genetic base, mating system, and reproductive outputs in every season. All six loci (i.e., Dia-1, Dia-2, Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, and Skd-1) examined in Bleberan are polymorphic sites, and no missing alleles were noted in any of the observation years. Est-2 was monomorphic in Bejiharjo, where rare and missing alleles were more apparent, particularly at the seedling level. Genetic differentiation over time was observed between Bejiharjo and Bleberan, and increased fragmentation was noted in Bejiharjo. The migration rate between these two landraces also decreased over time. Focusing on maintaining the reproductive and genetic processes of each population by implementing different strategies based on the genetic base, mating systems, and degree of fragmentation and clonality of the landrace is recommended.
Short Communication: Note on the genus Dorstenia Plum. ex L. (Moraceae) in Java (Indonesia) and noteworthy information on the identity of D. bahiensis through ITS sequence Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam; Muhammad Rifqi Hariri; PENIWIDIYANTI PENIWIDIYANTI; Rina Ratnasih Irwanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220832

Abstract

Abstract. Irsyam ASD, Hariri MR, Peniwidiyanti, Irwanto RR. 2021. Short Communication: Note on the genus Dorstenia Plum. ex L. (Moraceae) in Java (Indonesia) and noteworthy information on the identity of D. bahiensis through ITS sequence. Biodiversitas 22: 3358-3363. Dorstenia Plum. ex L. grouped within tribe Dorstenieae in the Moraceae. The genus comprises 105 species that are distributed in the African, Asian, and Neotropical regions. Previous studies showed that Java Island has only one species of Dorstenia, namely D. contrajerva L. This exotic species was introduced a long time ago and naturalized in Java. The field survey was carried out in Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and East Java. Herbarium study was also carried out in Herbarium Bogoriense and Herbarium Bandungense. There are two additional species from Java, D. bahiensis Klotzsch ex Fisch. and C.A. Mey. and D. foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf. Dorstenia bahiensis originated from Eastern Brazil and was found naturalized in Mekarwangi Village, Lembang, Bandung Barat regency, Indonesia. Dorstenia foetida is native to Africa and is only found as a popular cultivated plant. A molecular approach was carried out to provide the right identity of D. bahiensis because it has been mistakenly labeled as D. elata by a Javanese horticulturist. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence separated and distinguished both D. bahiensis and D. elata into different clades, which makes the popular name for D. elata actually D. bahiensis. Based on this study, there are three species of exotic Dorstenia in Java. The descriptions, photographs, and further discussions are provided.
Effectivity of bulrush (Scirpus californicus.) as a soil conditioner in increasing sandy and clay soil fertility Munifatul Izzati; SRI HARYANTI; RINI BUDI HASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220839

Abstract

Abstract. Izzati M, Haryanti S, Hastuti RB. 2021. Effectivity of bulrush (Scirpus californicus) as a soil conditioner  increasing sandy and clay soil fertility. Biodiversitas 22: 3423-3429. Bullrush (Scirpus californicus) is a species of macrophytes that often populates lakesides. This aquatic plant was rarely studied and its use has not been explored yet. This study was carried out to determine the effects of soil conditioner made from bulrush on sandy and clay soil fertility. Collected bulrush from Rawa Pening lake was milled into a powder and used as a soil conditioner in a proportion of 1:1. After a week, soil fertility was evaluated including organic matter content, water retention, the ratio of C/N, and bacteria population. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with two treatments and control. Resulted data were analyzed using a t-test to evaluate the difference between the two treatments. Results showed that bulrush powder application significantly increased sandy and clay soil fertility. The organic matter content significantly increased in both sandy (p<0,01) and clay soils (p<005). The water retention of sandy soil was increased by 74% (p<0,01), while in clay soil was reduced by 27% (p<0,01). The C/N ratio was significantly reduced in both sandy and clay soil (p<0,05), while the bacteria population significantly increased (p<0,01). It is suggested to use the bulrush as a soil conditioner particularly for sandy and clay soils.
Mangrove diversity and community structure of Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia Gesang Setyadi; RUDHI PRIBADI; DIAH PERMATA WIJAYANTI; DENNY NUGROHO SUGIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220857

Abstract

Abstract. Setyadi G, Pribadi R, Wijayanti DP, Sugianto DN. 2021. Mangrove diversity and community structure of Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3562-3571. Despite being one the largest mangrove forest in the world, there are few studies on mangrove diversity and community structure in Mimika, Papua Province. The study collected data from 4 estuaries of Mimika Region, i.e. Kamora, Tipuka, Ajkwa and Minajerwi. Mangrove species, tree diameter at breast height and canopy height data were collected in 10 m x 10 m plot with three replicates for distance, specifically 0, 250, and 500m perpendicular to the riverbank. This study found 66 mangroves species consisting of 20 major, 10 minor, and 36 associate mangrove species. Their density ranged from 577-1,345 trees ha-1 with diversity Shannon-Weiner diversity indices (H’) ranging from 0.62-1.19 and Evenness Index (J’) ranging from 0.09-0.18. The canopy height of the mangrove trees was ranged from 9-42.5 m. The highest density species was Rhizophora apiculata (333 ha-1) followed by Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Camptostemon schultzii, while B. parviflora, S. alba, and X. granatum were the least dominant. Regarding basal area, R. apiculata and B. gymnorrhiza were the highest with medians of 7,853 cm2 ha-1 and 5,201 cm2 ha-1 respectively. In the low tidal zone area, mangrove was dominated by A. marina, Sonneratia alba and R. mucronata. Medium low to medium high tidal zones were dominated by B. gymnorrhiza, R. apiculata, and B. parviflora. The high tidal zone was more dominated by Nypa fruticans.
Plant diversity of Petungkriyono Forest of Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia Irma Damayanti; Azis N. Bambang; Tri R. Soeprobowati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220849

Abstract

Abstract. Damayanti I, Nurbambang A, Soeprobowati TR. 2021. Plant diversity of Petungkriyono Forest of Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3497-3507. Petungkriyono is one of the remaining forests considered as the key biodiversity site in Central Java, Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the composition, structure, and diversity of flora. The research used 60 circular plots with 0.04 hectares on five sites: Tlogopakis, Kasimpar, Yosorejo, Kayupuring, and Tlogohendro. The result indicated that the forest was dominated by 54.6% mixed forests, 29.1% pine forests, 10.7% puspa forests, and 5.6% unproductive areas. A total of 979 individuals belong to 108 species, among 88 genera and 43 families. The dominant family was Moraceae (32.6%) and has 10 species of Ficus spp as a key pioneer in a dry habitat. According to the Red List, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), there were 4 species categories of endangered species (EN), 11 species as vulnerable category (VU), 46 species as least concern (LC), and 45 species not evaluated (NE). The horizontal and vertical structure of trees was dominated by 10-20 cm diameter classes and 82% at a medium level of the Shannon-Weiner index (H’). The conclusion is that plant diversity plays a significant role to maintain ecosystem stability, therefore conservation activities have to be developed properly. Ecosystem services are produced in the social-ecological system to increase human well-being and resilience.
Microsatellites to reveal genetic diversity and to distinguish four mangoes of Tegal District, Central Java, Indonesia ANNUR HIDAYAT; ENNI SUWARSI RAHAYU; MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH; Amin Retnoningsih
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220845

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayat A, Rahayu ES, Abdullah M, Retnoningsih A. 2021. Microsatellites to reveal genetic diversity and to distinguish four mangoes of Tegal District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3467-3473. The Wirasangka mango is Tegal District’s flora of identity, which requires recognition, and its existence deserves to be preserved. However, based on the morphology of the fruit, most of the people of Tegal still have difficulty distinguishing the wirasangka mango from other mangoes. Molecular markers are needed to ascertain the differences between these mango varieties. Microsatellite DNA is a repeating DNA of stable DNA markers with high repeatability and polymorphism. This study analyzes the level of genetic diversity and microsatellite alleles that can differentiate four mangoes from Tegal District, Central Java, Indonesia, i.e. wirasangka, tengkueh, golek, and okyong. Eleven accessions of six locations in Tegal District were analyzed using ten microsatellite loci. The microsatellite amplification result was separated using electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide gel and then visualized with silver dye. A total of 35 microsatellite alleles were found measuring 100-1000 bp, ranging from 1-7 alleles for each locus. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.54 indicates that genetic diversity is relatively high and informative. Therefore, the microsatellite alleles can be used to differentiate mango varieties. The specific allele characteristic of wirasangka mango accession is locus AJ63516, with an allele size of 600-700bp.
Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia Jusna Ahmad; NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO; MARGARETHA SOLANG; ERWIN NADJAMUDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220852

Abstract

Abstract. Ahmad J, Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Najamuddin E. 2021. Morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki, a local maize variety from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3523-3529. Gorontalo is among the coastal areas in Tomini bay with diverse varieties of local maize. Despite that, the population of local maize has seen a steady decline over the years. A literature study reports that local maize has adapted well to the environment in which it grows. Local maize is also hailed by the community as a source of food, animal feed, and the main ingredient of traditional medicines. The present study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of binthe kiki local maize variety. Employing a quantitative descriptive method, the data of morphological characteristics were collected by referring to the maize descriptor guidelines, while the data of the nutritional value of maize kernels (regarding the proximate and mineral contents) were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standard and Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standards. The findings show that the morphological characteristics of binthe kiki variety are as follows: (i) an average plant height of 161 cm; (ii) each stalk has three cobs with an average height of 119 cm; (iii) an average stalk circumference of 6.35 cm; (iv) an average of 12 leaves per stalk; (v) 71.12 cm of an average length of leaves; (vi) 5.21 cm of an average width of leaves; (vii) the direction of the leaf blade, on average, is slightly curved; (viii) the average leaf tip is pointed; (ix) an average cob length of 8.4 cm; (x) an average cob diameter of 2.74 cm; (xi) an average cob weight (without husk) of 0.054 kg/cob; (xii) an average of 24 kernels per row; (xiii) an average weight per 1000 kernels of 145 gram. Binthe kiki variety has high contents of protein, carbohydrate, zinc, and calcium, yet it is low in fat contents compared to other varieties.
Effectiveness of green betel leaf and lime extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli R.Y Gloria; RAHMA YULIYANI; MIA MAR'ATUSH SHOLIHA ASROR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220843

Abstract

Abstract. Gloria RY, Yuliyani R, Asror MMS. 2021. Effectiveness of green betel leaf and lime extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Biodiversitas 22: 3452-3457. Indonesian society utilizes biodiversity as source of medicinal herbs. Betel leaf and lime are included in traditional Indonesian medicinal plants that have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. One of the benefits of herbal medicinal plants of betel leaf and lime is that it can be used as a natural hand sanitizer. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of naturally made hand sanitizer against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by the combination of green betel leaf extract and lime extract. The experiment was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results showed that a combination of 50% betel leaf extract and 50% lime extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus whereas, 75% betel leaf extract and 100% lime extract exhibited strong inhibition than 70% alcohol.

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