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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 60 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 24 no. 12 (2023)" : 60 Documents clear
Perceptions on utilization, population, and factors that affecting local distribution of Mimusops zeyheri in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa NONHLANHA PRUDENCE LUBISI; LUAMBO JEFFREY RAMARUMO; MUELETSHEDZI MANYAGA; WILFRED OTANG MBENG; SALMINA MOKGEHLE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241204

Abstract

Abstract. Lubisi NP, Ramarumo LJ, Manyaga M, Mbeng WO, Mokgehle S. 2023. Perceptions on utilization, population, and factors that affecting local distribution of Mimusops zeyheri in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. Biodiversitas 24: 6432-6439. Mimusops zeyheri Sond., was once an important plant species to local communities in Southern Africa but nowadays is considered as underutilized plant. Undoubtedly, the neglect of indigenous knowledge associated with M zeyheri could lead to its gradual disappearance. This study aimed to evaluate local people‘s perceptions about the contribution of M. zeyheri to their livelihoods, population status and factors affecting its local distributions in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Semi-structured research questionnaires were administered to 52 randomly selected respondents. The majority of respondents (67.31%) perceived the decline in the population of M. zeyheri within the studied sites. More than three-quarters of laypeople (78.6%), two-thirds of farmers (66.7%), and 57.1% of environmentalists stated that M. zeyheri possessed more economic benefits than other livelihood benefits. A total percentage of 44.20% of participants perceived fire as the main factor that negatively affects the distribution of M. zeyheri in the studied regions. Documenting information about people's perceptions regarding the contributions of M. zeyheri to local livelihoods and assessing factors that affect its local distribution is a fundamental step toward understanding its associated sociocultural values, socio-economic, and threats. Future studies should incorporate both ethnobotanical and ecological data-gathering methods and validations.
Comparative anatomical characters of the genus Aerides Lour. (Orchidaceae) in Thailand WORACHAT TOKAEW; DUANGMANEE KRUBKRATOKE; SAOWALAK PAYAKDET; PHUTSADEE PHROMPRASIT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241226

Abstract

Abstract. Tokaew W, Krubkratoke D, Payakdet S, Phromprasit P. 2023. Comparative anatomical characters of the genus Aerides Lour. (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 6641-6651. The genus Aerides Lour. belonging to the subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), which are ornamental plants in Thailand. The identification of Thai Aerides is mostly based on the flower morphology which is a short period. The vegetative parts of Aerides species have similar characters. The anatomical data are also helpful for the identification of the Aerides species. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the vegetative stages (leaf and root) of seven species of Aerides in Thailand. Permanent slides of the leaf epidermis were prepared by epidermal peeling and stained with safranin. Transverse sections of leaf lamina and root were prepared using the paraffin method with a rotary microtome. They were then stained with safranin and fast green, examined using a light microscope, and their anatomical characteristics were described. The results showed that certain anatomical characteristics can be used for species identification, including distribution of stomata, presence of crystals, types of crystals, xylem arches in the root, shapes of the midrib and margin, and presence of starch grains. The key to species of Aerides species in Thailand based on anatomy characters is constructed. Anatomical features can be used for taxonomically important data and provide more information on the anatomical properties of Thai Aerides.
Anuran communities in the dry karst ecosystem of Central Java, Indonesia MARIO FEBRIYONO; IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA; GALUH MASYITHOH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241210

Abstract

Abstract. Febriyono M, Nayasilana IN, Masyithoh G. 2023. Anuran communities in the dry karst ecosystem of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6484-6492. Dry physical conditions characterize karst ecosystems. This affects the distribution of the Anura-amphibian that depend on water sources. The presence of anurans in an ecosystem can be used as an environmental bioindicator. In this study, we used a visual encounter survey to document and provide information on the presence of anurans in Pucung village, Wonogiri District, Central Java, Indonesia, to provide information for the sustainable management of this karst ecosystem. The study was conducted from January to March 2023. Observations were made at two sites--Gundi Hamlet and Dunggudel Hamlet--and covered each of the different land covers found in the region. Then, anuran species diversity was analyzed using an index calculated using Barbour diversity analysis and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), species richness index, species dominance index, and species evenness index. Environmental parameters were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis. We found eight species belonging to five families. The Rice Field Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) was the most abundant species, with 95 individuals. The least common species was Asian Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) with two individuals. The H' values ranged from 1.21 to 1.58. The highest diversity value was found in the community forest habitat. A comparison of the values for the environmental factors, including climate (air temperature and humidity) and water pH in the three habitat types studied, showed low significance, meaning that the three habitat types were suitable for the presence of anurans. Based on the observations and environmental factors, we determined that the karst ecosystem in Pucung village could support a diversity of anuran species.
The characteristics of PUFAs-rich virgin fish oil as affected by size of tuna eye WINI TRILAKSANI; BAMBANG RIYANTO; WAHYU RAMADHAN; FAHRI SINULINGGA; SILVA FAUZIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241216

Abstract

Abstract. Trilaksani W, Riyanto B, Ramadhan W, Sinulingga F, Fauziah S. 2023. The characteristics of PUFAs-rich virgin fish oil as affected by size of tuna eye. Biodiversitas 24: 6545-6556. The food supplement market expects growth in demand for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), which play crucial for brain development and can lower the chances of health issues like depression, Myocardial Infarction (MI), thromboembolism, and cardiac arrhythmias, and have anti-viral effects, boosting the immune system during the pandemic. Therefore, to meet this demand, exploring new sources is crucial. Tuna eyes have emerged as a potential source of DHA; however, quality and standardized sizes pose a challenge as they are by-products. The purpose of this research was to determine how the eye size of tuna affected the quality and yield of fish oil, which is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. This study determined the virgin oil profile of tuna eyes, which met the quality standards. The investigation covered morphology, chemical composition, heavy metal content, oil yield and quality, fatty acid composition, and related health lipid indices (Atherogenicity Index (AI) and Thrombogenicity Index (TI)). For the size specifications, tuna eyes were classified into three groups based on their diameter, namely 'small' (<6 cm), 'medium' (6-9 cm), and 'large' (>9 cm). The results showed that eye size directly influenced the weight, fat content, and oil yield, with negligible disparity in chemical composition except for the fat content; the larger the eyes, the higher the oil yield. Tuna eye oil had a safe composition for consumption with low or undetected heavy metals, the oil's oxidative level met CODEX standards, and the fatty acid profile revealed DHA as the most abundant fatty acid, reaching 36.95%. The predominance of n-3 series values in the fatty acid composition of tuna's eye was 9-12 times greater than that of n-6 fatty acid values. The values of AI and TI were 0.33 and 0.12; 0.47 and 0.20; 0.55 and 0.20 for large, small, and medium eyes, respectively. The study highlights tuna eyes' unique characteristics and potential applications in the food supplement industry.
Effect of varieties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and extraction solvent on total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity GARDA YODI; I MADE ARTIKA; WARAS NURCHOLIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241203

Abstract

Abstract. Yodi G, Artika IM, Nurcholis W. 2023. Effect of varieties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and extraction solvent on total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. Biodiversitas 24: 6425-6431. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is widely recognized for its high phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to measure yields, total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from three varieties of Temulawak, namely Cursina 1, Cursina 2, and Cursina 3. The samples were extracted using the maceration method and evaporated with a rotary vacuum evaporator. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed using a colorimetric method, while antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The highest acetone and ethyl acetate extract yields were obtained from Cursina 2, i.e., 5.8% and 4.3%, respectively. The highest phenol in the acetone and ethyl acetate extract was from  Cursina 2, consisting of 9.55±0.37 mg GAE/g DW and 4.60±0.12 GAE/g DW. The highest flavonoid content in the acetone and ethyl acetate extract was from Cursina 2, i.e., 20.48±0.45 QE/g and 8.59±0.14 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH method showed that acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Cursina 2 had the highest antioxidant activities, i.e., 3.28±0.03 ?mol TE/g DW and 2.11±0.04 ?mol TE/g DW, respectively. The highest antioxidant capacity based on the ABTS method was found in the acetone extract of Cursina 2 (148.91±6.10 ?mol TE/g DW) and ethyl acetate extract of Cursina 3 (84.30±5.10 ?mol TE/g DW). The FRAP method showed the highest antioxidant capacity was Cursina 2 acetone extract (115.23±2.30 ?mol TE/g DW) and ethyl acetate extract of Cursina 3 (71.88±1.48 ?mol TE/g DW). These results suggested that acetone is a more suitable solvent for the Cursina 2 variety, while ethyl acetate is more suitable for the Cursina 3 variety.
Indigenous filamentous fungi isolated from zirconia processing wastewater as a potential biosorbent for aqueous thorium(IV) ions MOCHAMMAD YAZID; ARIS BASTIANUDIN; BERNADETTA OCTAVIA; TITAN DWIKAMA PUTRA; LUTHFIA DWI RACHMANI; KHOIRIA NUR ATIKA PUTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241243

Abstract

Abstract. Yazid M, Bastianudin A, Octavia B, Putra TD, Rachmani LD, Putri KNA. 2023. Indigenous filamentous fungi isolated from zirconia processing wastewater as a potential biosorbent for aqueous thorium(IV) ions. Biodiversitas 24: 6825-6835. This research focused on exploring indigenous thorium-tolerant fungal isolated from zirconia processing wastewater as a biosorbent for thorium. The objective of present study was to isolate, purify, identify, and analyze the selected capabilities of indigenous fungal biomass in adsorbing thorium from aqueous solution, with the aim of obtaining valuable technical data for its application as a bioremediation agent for technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) wastewater containing thorium. The results showed that total five indigenous fungal isolates, namely two isolates of Penicillium sp. (T2, T4), Rhizoctonia sp. (T3), Mycelia sterilia (T5), and Aspergillus sp. (T6) were isolated from the samples. The result of tolerance index values revealed that two isolates i.e., Penicillium sp. (T2), Penicillium sp. (T4) and a Mycelia sterilia (T5) exhibited high tolerance, while Rhizoctonia sp. (T3) and Aspergillus sp. (T6) showed very high tolerance to thorium. Consequently, Rhizoctonia sp. (T3) was selected for the biosorption study based on the highest tolerance index value obtained. The optimal pH for biosorption was found to be 4 with 30 minutes of contact time and an 80°C temperature. The optimal biosorption efficiency with initial concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm was 97.53 and 90.88%, respectively. In conclusion, based on the obtained technical data, the Rhizoctonia sp. (T3) biomass shows significant potential as a bioremediation agent for wastewater containing thorium.
First report on daily activity and feeding behavior of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, Malang, Indonesia ALIFANDI R. ILMI; MUHAMMAD LUTHFI; DEWI ELFIDASARI; Y.S. HIDAYAT; DEWI M. PRAWIRADILAGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241240

Abstract

Abstract. Ilmi AR, Luthfi M, Elfidasari D, Hidayat YS, Prawiradilaga DM. 2023. First report on daily activity and feeding behavior of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6770-6779. The Javan Hawk-Eagle (JHE) (Nisaetus bartelsi) is an endemic bird of prey (raptor) on Java Island that is increasingly threatened due to land conversion, habitat destruction, and illegal hunting. These factors have led to its classification as a critically endangered species. There is a need to monitor one of the natural conservation areas in the southern region of East Java, namely the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, which serves as a habitat for Javan hawk-eagle to preserve the existence of this species. Therefore, this research aimed to understand and identify the daily activity and feeding behavior of Javan hawk-eagle in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, Malang, East Java. The implication of this research is to provide ecological data for further research and disseminate information to the community to support conservation efforts of Javan hawk-eagle species in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach area. The methods used included field surveys, observation of daily activity and feeding behavior, collection of daily temperature data, habitat assessment, disturbance assessment, and interviews. Based on the observation of daily activity, the percentage of perching behavior was 71%, while flying behavior was 29%. The peak flying activity occurred between 9:00 and 12:00. Environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and human activities influenced daily activity in the conversation area. The observation of feeding behavior showed that the highest frequency belonged to the category of 23 occurrences, where the peak occurred between 14:00 and 17:00. Furthermore, the activity was affected by nesting seasons and the presence of other raptor species besides Javan hawk-eagle.
Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects of Lutke's halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) from Seram Sea, Maluku, Indonesia MATHEOS TALAKUA; SUADI SUADI; DJUMANTO DJUMANTO; EKO SETYOBUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241219

Abstract

Abstract. Talakua M, Suadi, Djumanto, Setyobudi E. 2023. Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects of Lutke's halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) from Seram Sea, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6574-6583. Lutke's halfbeak is one of the Seram Sea's most commercially important fish species, providing food resources and community livelihood for an extended duration. Data and information on fish biology are important for responsible fisheries management. This research aimed to determine Luke's halfbeak's length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects at Seram Sea, Maluku. Fish samples were collected monthly for seven months, from August 2021 to February 2022. Each sample was measured for its length and weight and then dissected for sex and gonad maturity stage determination. The data was analyzed to determine the length-weight relationship, the condition factor, the distribution of gonadal maturity stage, and fecundity. Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847), originating from the Seram Sea, indicates a negative allometric growth pattern. The average relative condition factor (Kn) of H. lutkei in the Maluku Seram Sea was around 1 and did not show a significant difference between males and females. The condition factor varied during the observation period, ranging from 0.92 to 1.09. The fish are mostly (80%) in good or very good condition. H. lutkei has a high potential fecundity; spawning was predicted throughout the year, with individual fecundity ranging from 263 to 1893 eggs. Luke's halfbeak populations in the Seram Sea could be exploited sustainably; however, this should be conducted with proper management.
Soil biological quality in rhizosphere, growth, and yield of upland rice grown on acid soil after amended biochar enriched sap of Kappaphycus alvarezii TRESJIA CORINA RAKIAN; LAODE MUHAMMAD HARJONI KILOWASID; LA ODE AFA; ARDISTA RISKYANA; NURAZIZAH NURAZIZAH; YUSLITA WIJAYANTI; ANDI BAHRUN; IMRAN SUBAIR; NINI MILA RAHNI; SYAMSU ALAM; SARAWA SARAWA; LA KARIMUNA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241241

Abstract

Abstract. Rakian TC, Kilowasid LMH, Afa LO, Riskyana A, Nurazizah, Wijayanti Y, Bahrun A, Subair I, Rahni NM, Alam S, Sarawa, Karimuna L. 2023. Soil biological quality in rhizosphere, growth, and yield of upland rice grown on acid soil after amended biochar enriched sap of Kappaphycus alvarezii. Biodiversitas 24: 6780-6792. Biological soil quality is essential in evaluating soil management practices using biochar enriched for upland rice growth on acid soil. Therefore, the study aimed to (i) analyze the effect of biochar-enriched sap of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K-sap) on the abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), bacteria, and protozoa in rhizosphere soil, growth, and yield of upland rice, and (ii) the relationship between the abundance of soil biota and the growth and yield components, as well as straw N, P, and K content on acid soil. Four upland rice were grown on acid soil incubated with biochar-enriched sap for two weeks in pots. Nine treatments of the biochar-enriched sap were tested, namely control, 5% biochar-0% K-sap, 5% biochar-5% K-sap, 5% biochar -10% K-sap, 5% biochar-15% K-sap, 7.5% biochar-0% K-sap, 7.5% biochar-5% K-sap, 7.5% biochar-10% K-sap, and 7.5% biochar-15% K-sap. Each treatment was three replicates in a randomized block design. The results demonstrated that the AMF spores quantity decreased while flagellates increased in the soil rhizosphere. The P and K content increased, the N:P decreased, and P:K ratio varied in the straw of the upland rice. Plant height and total spikelets increased, while root dry weight and roots to shoots ratio (R:S) decreased with biochar enriched. The abundance of AMF spores and flagellates correlated positively and negatively with R:S. Furthermore, R:S was negatively correlated with plant height and total spikelets. Plant height and total spikelets showed a positive correlation, while root dry weight and R:S was negatively correlated with K content in shoot tissue. The P and K contents with N:P ratio and N:P with P:K were negatively correlated. In conclusion, biochar-enriched K-sap effectively regulated the activity and composition of soil biota in the rhizosphere, influencing upland rice's growth, yield, and nutrient balance uptake on acid soils.
Molecular characterization of red ginger varieties (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. rubrum) by DNA markers OEKE YUNITA; NUR AINI FADHILAH; SARI PRAMADIYANTI; SIMON JONATAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241252

Abstract

Abstract. Yunita O, Fadhilah NA, Pramadiyanti S, Jonatan S. 2023. Molecular characterization of red ginger varieties (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. rubrum) by DNA markers. Biodiversitas 24: 6905-6913. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. rubrum) rhizomes have been traditionally used in Indonesia to increase human health. Therefore, the assurance of raw material quality holds significant importance in the industrial application of red ginger. The primary step in ensuring the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the final product in the industrial environment is the identification of plants used as raw materials for supplements and herbal medications. DNA-based molecular characterization approaches have been specifically developed to aid in the identification of herbal raw materials prior to their application in production processes. Based on the findings derived from the conducted research, the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique can be employed to amplify the DNA isolates of red ginger rhizome samples. The results obtained from the PCR-RAPD amplification of DNA samples extracted from red ginger plants indicated that 90.48% of the total 147 bands seen exhibited polymorphism. The findings suggest a tendency for DNA banding patterns derived from red ginger samples planted in the same geographic area to display clustering tendencies.

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