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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 50 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 26 no. 10 (2025)" : 50 Documents clear
Vegetation diversity and carbon stock in gold mining reclamation area in Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia SYAIFUL HABIB; MAHAWAN KARUNIASA; LULUK SETYANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261009

Abstract

Abstract. Habib S, Karuniasa M, Setyaningsih L. 2025. Vegetation diversity and carbon stock in gold mining reclamation area in Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4932-4945. Global greenhouse gas emissions set a new record of 57.1 GtCO2e in 2023, an increase of 1.3 percent from 2022 levels. One of the efforts to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in the mining industry can be done by reclaiming ex-mining land through revegetation. The objective of study was to analyze vegetation diversity and carbon dioxide absorption in the reclamation area of gold mining in Pongkor, West Java Province, Indonesia. The method used for this study was quantitative observation by measuring the number of species, density, frequency and growth of vegetation to calculate diversity index (H'), vegetation biomass and its ability to absorb carbon in the post-mined area reclaimed from 2014 to 2023 covering an area of 21.6 ha. The results of the study showed that the Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H') of tree, pole, sapling and lower-level plant was in the moderate category (1<H'<3). The reclamation area of 21.56 ha was able to absorb carbon dioxide cumulatively of 3,237.98 tons or contributed 5.89% of CO2 emissions by the mining company. Reclamation in the gold mining area is able to restore the ecology of vegetation and absorb carbon dioxide emissions generated from mining activities. However, 10 years of reclamation and revegetation activities still does not offset carbon emissions resulted from the mining activities, suggesting a longer period of restoration with strong monitoring efforts to fully compensate the carbon footprint.
Morphological selection of teak (Tectona grandis) clones resistant to mistletoe infestation ZAINAL MUTTAQIN; FEBI NURILMALA NUH; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAIN SIREGAR; ARIS WIBOWO; SRI RAHAYU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261002

Abstract

Abstract. Muttaqin Z, Nuh FN, Siregar IZ, Wibowo A, Rahayu S. 2025. Morphological selection of teak (Tectona grandis) clones resistant to mistletoe infestation. Biodiversitas 26: 4851-4864. Until now, study about the teak clones of Jati Plus Perhutani (JPP) resistance to mistletoe, which is very rarely of it in both Indonesia and other regions. The purpose of this study focuses on selecting teak clones with resistance to mistletoe by analyzing their morphological characters. In the study location at East Java, Indonesia, both the Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) plot in Padangan, the JPP plot and the Seed Production Stand (SPS) plot in KPH Ngawi, the sample plot design follows the modified EFForTS/CRC990 guidelines. By contrast, the JPP plot utilizes the "tree pair method," where one stripe plot is free of mistletoe, whereas a paired stripe contains mistletoe. The parameters observed in related to the morphology of teak clones include 52 characters. Data analysis used the MVSP software, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the significance of each morphological character based on the Eigenvalue and the percentage of variance of PCA. The phenogram results for CSO Padangan revealed five clusters have mixed both mistletoe-free and mistletoe-affected trees. The JPP plot exhibited two clusters with one cluster clearly consisted of teak trees without mistletoe. The SPS plot also displayed two clusters of only one cluster distinctly contained teak trees without mistletoe relatively. The key resistant teak clones identified were four morphological descriptors found mainly in the JPP plot showed a positive correlation: total height, number of branches, the leaf vein corners, the leaf base shape, the base of stem groove. Conversely, six characters exhibited a negative correlation: branch free height, petiole length, bark thickness, inner stem color, upper surface of the leaf, leaf flesh. Furthermore, it will be needed to test similarity some morphological descriptors significantly from the result of this study compare with of them of plants of tissue culture that taken of shoots superior teak clone.
Diversity and cultural significance of medicinal plants among multiethnic communities in Jambi Province, Indonesia REVIS ASRA; ANIS TATIK MARYANI; UPIK YELIANTI; IZU ANDRY FIJRIDIYANTO; ADE ADRIADI; CHRISTIAN ABEL PRAMUDYA WIBOWO; VERONIKA AYU SAPUTRI; ARIKAH FEBRIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261018

Abstract

Abstract. Asra R, Maryani AT, Yelianti U, Fijridiyanto IA, Adriadi A, Wibowo CAP, Saputri VA, Febrianti A. 2025. Diversity and cultural significance of medicinal plants among multiethnic communities in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5023-5039. This study aims to document local knowledge of medicinal plants, analyze species diversity, plant parts used, processing methods, as well as cultivation and conservation practices among three major ethnic communities in Jambi Province, Indonesia: Javanese, Kerinci, and Malay. Data were collected through field observations, documentation, and in-depth interviews with more than 75 informants selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed, using the Cultural Significance Index (CSI) and Plant Part Value (PPV), with CSI statistical significance thresholds applied to distinguish cultural importance across species. A total of 156 species belonging to 61 families were recorded, with Zingiberaceae being the most dominant. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (49.75%). The highest CSI value was recorded for Allium sativum (60), while the lowest (3) was found in Saraca indica, Styrax benzoin, and Salvia rosmarinus. In terms of disease categories, medicinal plants were most commonly used for diabetes (16.67%), followed by fever (13.46%) and hypertension (12.18%). Knowledge transmission was largely ancestral (62%), supplemented by personal experience (21%), social interactions (10%), and modern sources (7%). These findings highlight the enduring role of medicinal plants as both a health resource and cultural heritage. This study represents the first comparative ethnobotanical analysis of Javanese, Kerinci, and Malay communities in Jambi, contributing novel insights into biodiversity documentation and conservation strategies rooted in local wisdom.
Light intensity drives regeneration in fragmented mushroom coral Lithophyllon repanda anthocaulus and anthocyathus more than the spectra WIDIASTUTI WIDIASTUTI; NADIRA PUTRI DIWANTI; AGNESYA AGNESYA; NIKEN MAYUNI PUTRI; KADEK MIKO PURNAMA AGUSTINI; ACHMAD RAMADHAN; RIAN PRASETIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261039

Abstract

Abstract. Widiastuti, Diwanti NP, Agnesya, Putri NM, Agustini KMP, Ramadhan A, Prasetia R. 2025. Light intensity drives regeneration in fragmented mushroom coral Lithophyllon repanda anthocaulus and anthocyathus more than the spectra. Biodiversitas 26: 5258-5266. Aquaculture offers a sustainable approach to meeting the high demand in the international ornamental aquarium trade for coral species within the family Fungiidae. Fragmentation, which is the most predominant form of asexual reproduction in the family Fungiidae, helps corals to survive anthropogenic and natural threats. This study aimed to investigate the regeneration phase and time of the artificially fragmented anthocaulus (an attached stalk-like structure) and anthocyathus (a mushroom-like structure) in the mushroom coral Lithophyllon repanda under different light spectra (blue and white lights) and intensities. The anthocaulus was horizontally fragmented from its anthocyathus, which was grown under different light spectra and at various intensities (n = 9 per treatment) for 166 days in controlled aquaria. The regenerations were observed and photographed under a stereomicroscope every 2 days. The results demonstrated that, despite differences in light properties, similar regeneration phases were observed in both fragmented anthocaulus and anthocyathus. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the regeneration time to develop primary polyps on the fragmented anthocaulus and recovered anthocyathus under different light spectra; however, they significantly regenerated and recovered faster at intensities of 130-54 µmol m-2 s-1 for less than 30 days. It implies the vital role of light intensities on the production of new polyps and regeneration of fungiid corals ex situ.
Lek habitat and behavior of the greater bird-of-paradise in South Papua, Indonesia YENI A. MULYANI; ANI MARDIASTUTI; PUJI RAHAYU; MURTINI MURTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261021

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyani YA, Mardiastuti A, Rahayu P, Murtini. 2025. Lek habitat and behavior of the greater bird-of-paradise in South Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5057-5066. The greater bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) is renowned for its extraordinarily beautiful display in its lek mating system. Given the threat posed by this endemic species from hunting and habitat conversion, a conservation effort is critical. However, data on its bio-ecology remain limited. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the lek tree and its surroundings as a lek habitat, and lek behavior, especially concerning the males on the lek trees during courtship display. The research was conducted in a post-logging timber concession company in South Papua in July 2023, through direct observations of behavior and the lek tree habitat. Two lek trees were identified, but observation was focused on one lek tree. The lek tree was a tall, emergent tree of Gironniera sp. (27 m, clear bole height 17 m; diameter 39.7 cm), surrounded by a dense tree canopy. The dominant trees in the lek site included Litsea firma, Vatica rassak, and Syzygium sp., with importance value indices of 41.79%, 31.33%, and 28.17%, respectively. The observation period at the lek tree spanned 7 days, totaling 303 minutes; lekking activity occurred from 6:00 am to 10:00 am and 2:00 to 4:15 pm. The behavior of the male birds could be categorized into arrival of a male host, arrival of other males, arrival of females, initiation of dance rituals by males, male selection by females, mounting and copulation, departure of females, and departure of males. Mounting was observed only twice by a single male. The males’ frequent loud calls during lekking make them highly detectable and prone to illegal hunting. The lek trees in this post-logging area indicated the importance of habitat management for species conservation. Protecting lek habitats by controlling logging operations and developing avitourism initiatives are important approaches to support the conservation of the greater bird-of-paradise and regional biodiversity in South Papua.
Estimation of biomass and carbon stored in trees in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, Timor Island, Indonesia FRANSISKUS XAVERIUS DAKO; FLORA EVALINA INA KLERUK; FRENLY M. SELANO; KLETUS F. S. GARE; HABEL M. NOPEMNANU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261045

Abstract

Abstract. Dako FX, Kleruk FEI, Selanno FM, Gare KFS, Nopemnanu HM. 2025. Estimation of biomass and carbon stored in trees in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5324-5333. Forests are crucial in human life, particularly in preventing global warming caused by climate change. The Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, located in the western part of Timor Island, Indonesia, contributes significantly to climate regulation and hence requires proper management. This study quantified above-ground biomass, carbon stock, and CO? sequestration in Sisimeni Sanam to provide a baseline for conservation and climate mitigation strategies. Systematic sampling was applied in the field using the Line Plot method. With a sampling intensity of 1%, the total sampled area covered 4.97 ha. A total of 124 measurement plots, each measuring 20 × 20 meters, were established to assess biomass potential and carbon reserves. The analyses showed content, total carbon reserves, and carbon sequestration of 815.73 tons/ha, 383.39 tons/ha, and 1,200.08 tons/ha, respectively. The type of vegetation with the highest biomass, carbon reserves, and carbon sequestration is teak (Tectona grandis), with 249.79 tons/ha, 117.40 tons/ha, and 430.86 tons/ha, respectively. In contrast, pulai (Alstonia scholaris) recorded the lowest values, at 4.07 tons/ha, 1.91 tons/ha, and 7.01 tons/ha, respectively. These results indicate that Sisimeni Sanam functions as a significant carbon reservoir within Timor's dry tropical landscape. Therefore, maintenance and preservation of the area are needed for proper functioning as a carbon absorber rather than a producer.
Using Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) to determine cave conservation priorities in the Tuban Karst Area, East Java, Indonesia TATAG BAGUS P. PRAKARSA; SUHARTINI SUHARTINI; RIZKA APRIANI PUTRI; FAILASUF A. NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261019

Abstract

Abstract. Prakarsa TBP, Suhartini, Putri RA, Nugroho FA. 2025. Using Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) to determine cave conservation priorities in the Tuban Karst Area, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5040-5048. Bats are keystone species in cave ecosystems, acting as major providers of energy that sustain diverse cave-dependent communities. Their presence and diversity make caves crucial habitats for broader ecosystem stability. In the Tuban Karst Area, East Java, Indonesia, where caves host high species diversity and endemism, bats play a central role in maintaining ecological balance. However, this ecosystem faces severe threats from ongoing habitat destruction. Identifying caves that should be prioritized for conservation requires an understanding of bat diversity, endemism, behavior, and conservation status, as well as a standardized mechanism for risk evaluation. This study aimed to determine cave conservation priorities in the Tuban Karst Area through a holistic rapid assessment using the Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) with an index ranging from high to low conservation priority: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2A, 2B, ..., 4D. Sampling was conducted purposively in five caves: Lawa Belik, Srunggo, Jingkat, Ngerong, and Akbar. Data were analyzed using the BCVI method, which integrates biotic potential and vulnerability, represented primarily by bat species diversity and cave exposure to threats. The caves were ranked from highest to lowest conservation priority as follows: Ngerong (1A), Lawa Belik (2B), Akbar (3A), Srunggo (3B), and Jingkat (3C). This study demonstrates the significance of caves as bat roosting habitats. These findings highlight the critical role of bats in guiding cave conservation strategies and provide an evidence-based framework for prioritizing management actions in caves with the highest BCVI scores.
Diversity and cellulolytic potential of gut bacteria isolated from Blaberus and Panesthia cockroaches in Aceh, Indonesia SABARIAH SABARIAH; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; ALIA RIZKI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261029

Abstract

Abstract. Sabariah S, Suhartono S, Rizki A. 2025. Diversity and cellulolytic potential of gut bacteria isolated from Blaberus and Panesthia cockroaches in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5145-5155. Forest-dwelling cockroaches harbor diverse gut microbiota capable of degrading complex organic compounds, particularly cellulose. This study investigated the diversity and cellulolytic potential of gut bacteria isolated from two cockroach genera, namely Blaberus and Panesthia, collected from the Soraya Research Station, Aceh, Indonesia. Ten individuals of each species were collected between January and March 2025 using standardized pitfall traps and hand collection methods. Through systematic isolation and characterization, a total of 19 bacterial isolates were isolated comprising 10 from Blaberus and 9 from Panesthia. Morphological and biochemical analysis revealed diverse bacterial genera, with Blaberus harboring Klebsiella, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus, while Panesthia contained predominantly Bacillus (55.5%) along with Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus. Three isolates from Blaberus demonstrated cellulose-degrading capabilities, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas with cellulolytic indices of 0.08, 2.45, and 3.08, respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed high concentrations of linoleic acid in these cellulolytic isolates. These findings are the first study of cellulolytic bacteria from forest cockroaches in Indonesia's unique Aceh ecosystem, enhancing understanding of tropical forest nutrient cycling and demonstrating significant potential for sustainable biotechnological applications in enzyme production and bioconversion processes.
Tolerance of rhizospheric and endophytic microbes to pesticide residues and their potential for rice growth ERYNA ELFASARI RANGKUTI; ALINA AKHDIYA; ABDUL MUNIF; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR; SYAIFUL ANWAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261040

Abstract

Abstract. Rangkuti EE, Akhdiya A, Munif A, Siregar IZ, Anwar S. 2025. Tolerance of rhizospheric and endophytic microbes to pesticide residues and their potential for rice growth. Biodiversitas 26: 5267-5276. Rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria are recognized for their ability to enhance plant growth by producing hormones and acting as biocontrol agents. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria tolerant to three pesticide-active substances. Based on the antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Bacillus sp. and Bacillus siamensis isolates achieved the highest inhibitory activities of 81.13 % and 78.55 %, respectively. Bacillus sp., B. siamensis, Acinetobacter radioresistens, and Providencia vermicola were able to solubilize phosphate. Production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) was confirmed in Bacillus sp., Bacillus toyonensis, and Acinetobacter radioresistens, and all isolates also possessed the ability to fix nitrogen (N). Based on these parameters, Bacillus sp. and B. siamensis were selected for further analysis. The results showed that Bacillus sp. isolates supported rice seed tolerance to herbicides and insecticides in the range of 5-10 ppm and improved growth in the presence of difenoconazole and glyphosate at 10 ppm. Meanwhile, B. siamensis was tolerant to fungicides in the 5-10 ppm range. None of the selected isolates showed reduced growth after 24 h of incubation in the tolerance test for pesticide contamination. Observably, Bacillus sp. isolate treated with fipronil (5 ppm) was better than the control. It also matched the performance of the control treated with difenoconazole at 5 ppm. These suggested that the selected isolates improved rice growth and tolerance to the active ingredients of the pesticides, contributing to sustainable cultivation practices.
Morphophysiological evaluation of hybrid maize lines from peak and test crosses for high-yield development NASARUDDIN NASARUDDIN; MUH. FARID; MUHAMMAD FUAD ANSHORI; AMIN NUR; NENI IRIANY; ANNASTYA NUR FADHILAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261034

Abstract

Abstract. Nasaruddin, Farid M, Anshori MF, Nur A, Iriany N, Fadhilah AN. 2025. Morphophysiological evaluation of hybrid maize lines from peak and test crosses for high-yield development. Biodiversitas 26: 5204-5210. The increasing demand for maize in Indonesia amid stagnant productivity underscores the need for innovative breeding approaches to enhance yield potential and resilience. This study integrates morphophysiological trait analysis with hybrid maize lines derived from transgressive segregants and elite line, aiming to identify promising genotypes and key traits associated with high productivity under tropical conditions. A total of 96 genotypes, consisting of 60 hybrids, 20 parental lines and 4 commercial controls, were evaluated using an augmented design. Observations were made on agronomic and physiological traits. This is the first report combining peak and test cross schemes with morphophysiological evaluation in tropical maize, which broadens the genetic base and addresses the limitation of narrow parental pools. Several hybrid maize lines, particularly G29 (8.7 t.ha-1), G28, and G39, outperformed their parents in yield performance. Traits such as cob weight, number of seeds per row, and plant height exhibited high heritability and strong direct effects on yield, highlighting their suitability as selection criteria in breeding programs. Overall, integrating source traits (e.g., plant height, chlorophyll index) and sink traits (e.g., cob characteristics) provides an effective strategy for developing high-yielding and resilient maize hybrids suitable for smallholder-based production systems in tropical environments.

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