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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 5 no. 2 (2013)" : 7 Documents clear
Effects of autoclaving on the proximate composition of stored castor (Ricinus communis) seeds ANTHONY NEGEDU; JOSEPH B. AMEH; VERONICA J. UMOH; SUNDY E. ATAWODI; MAHENDRA K. RAI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050201

Abstract

Abstract. Negedu A, Ameh JB, Umoh VJ, Atawodi SE, Rai MK. 2013. Effects of autoclaving on the proximate composition of stored castor (Ricinus communis) seeds. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 51-56. The effect of autoclaving on the proximate composition, free fatty acids and peroxide value of castor (Ricinus communis L.) seeds in storage were studied. Seeds of castor were surface sterilized, dried and divided into two equal sets of 300g each. One set was autoclaved at 15 1b pressure for 30 minutes at 121oC and the other set served as control. Each set was prepared in triplicates and both sets were stored under same room temperature conditions for a period of 180 days and agitated intermittently. Analysis of the proximate composition showed that autoclaving treatment caused an increased total fat content, reduced moisture, protein, nitrogen-free extract (soluble sugar) and ash contents of the seeds in storage, as well as a non-significant increase in crude fiber (non-soluble sugar) content. It increased the free fatty acid content and decreased the peroxide value of seed oil.
Changes in growth, hormones levels and essential oil content of Ammi visnaga plants treated with some bioregulators IMAN M. TALAAT; HEMMAT I. KHATTAB; AISHA M. AHMED
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050202

Abstract

Abstract. Talaat IM, Khattab HI, Ahmed AM. 2013. Changes in growth, hormones levels and essential oil content of Ammi visnaga plants treated with some bioregulators. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 57-64. The effects of foliar application of different concentrations of amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) and phenolic acids (trans-cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid) on growth, pigment content, hormones levels and essential oil content of Ammi visnaga L were carried out during two successive seasons. It is clear that foliar application of either amino acids or phenolics significantly promoted the growth parameters in terms of shoot height, fresh and dry biomass, number of branches and number of umbels per plant. The increment of growth parameter was associated with elevated levels of growth promoters (IAA, GA3, total cytokinins) and low level of ABA. The greatest increase in the previously mentioned parameters was measured in plants exposed to different concentrations of phenols particularly in benzoic acid-treated plants. Such effect was concentration dependent. All treatments led to significant increments in seed yield and essential oil content. Moreover, Gas-Liquid Chromatographic analysis revealed that the main identified components of essential oil were 2,2-dimethyl butanoic acid, isobutyl isobutyrate, ?-isophorone, thymol, fenchyl acetate, and linalool. Phenolics and amino acids treatments resulted in qualitative differences in these components of oil.
Effect of water regime on the growth, flower yield, essential oil and proline contents of Calendula officinalis SAMI ALI METWALLY; KHALID ALI KHALID; BEDOUR H. ABOU-LEILA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050203

Abstract

Abstract. Metwally SA, Khalid KA, Abou-Leila BH. 2013. Effect of water regime on the growth, flower yield, essential oil and proline contents of Calendula officinalis. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 65-69. The effects of water regime on the growth, content of essential oil and proline of Calendula officinalis L. plants were investigated. Water regimes of 75% of field water capacity increased certain growth characters [i.e. plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), flower diameter (cm) and spike stem diameter] and vase life (day). Water regime promoted the accumulation of essential oil content and its main components as well as proline contents.
Phenotypic recurrent selection on herb growth yield of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) grown in Egypt MOHAMED M. IBRAHIM; KHALID A. KHALID
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050204

Abstract

Abstract. Ibrahim MM, Khalid KA. 2013. Phenotypic recurrent selection on herb growth yield of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) grown in Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 70-74. This investigation was conducted in four generations: base population (G0, G1, G2) and G3 (clone selection generation) to evaluate the genetic variability of citronella clones. Thirteen clones were selected from base population to study the herb growth yield characters and oil production as well as genetic parameters, correlation, and regression. Results were recorded for herb growth characters (i.e. plant high (PH), no. of tillers (NOT), dry yield (DY), viability percentage (VP) and oil production. Significant variation was observed among citronella clones in base population for most studied traits. Wide range of mean values was observed among the characters for generations and cuts in most traits. High heritability values (0.95, 0.93, 0.89 and 0.72) were estimated in NOT, LG, HY and VP., respectively. Clone code no. 39/3, 17/4 and 8/1 gave highest values of dry weight, oil yield, and viability percentage. Selected clones showed significant positive regression and correlation between dry weight and each of number of tillers and linear growth. On the contrary, viability percentage had significant negative correlation and regression with other characters. These results raveled high yielding selected citronella clones will be utilized in medicinal plant breeding program.
Experimental effect of temperature and sedimentation on bleaching of the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis MOHAMMED S.A. AMMAR; AHMED H. OBUID-ALLAH; MONTASER A.M. AL-HAMMADY
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050205

Abstract

Abstract. Ammar MSA, Obuid-Allah AH, Al-Hammady MAM. 2013. Experimental effect of temperature and sedimentation on bleaching of the two Red Sea corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 75-85. At 26°C (the control sample), the loss of zooxanthellae by each of the two studied corals Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis was very low. Cell viability of the two studied corals was similar at 26 and 29°C, but depicted a sharp decline of zooxanthellae lost at 31°C through time. As the temperature increased to 35°C, the loss of zooxanthellae from each host increased both with time and temperature elevation. The coral A. humilis had a higher decrease in its zooxanthellae densities than S. pistillata at the same treatment. Bleaching temperature threshold was 33°C or less for the two species S. pistillata and A. humilis where 51% of their zooxanthellae were lost after 24 h of exposure. In samples exposed to sediment concentration of 0.1 mg/cm2/L, zooxanthellae densities of A. humilis and S. pistillata did not show any decrease after 1 day. However, after 1 days of exposure to 0.5 mg/cm2/L, zooxanthellae densities were significantly different from those of the controls. Increases in sediment concentration to 1 mg/cm2/L caused a decrease in zooxanthellae densities that vary greatly over time. Measurements of zooxanthellae densities of A. humilis and S. pistillata at this stage revealed a highly significant difference between exposed and control sample. At 1 g/cm2/L, the number of zooxanthellae lost from A. humilis was higher than those lost from S. pistillata at same time. It is suggested that, the normal sedimentation rate for A. humilis and S. pistillata to be in an order of 1 mg/cm2/L or less.
Review: Physical, physical chemistries, chemical and sensorial characteristics of the several fruits and vegetable chips produced by low-temperature of vacuum frying machine AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN; ARI SUSILOWATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050206

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto, Solichatun, Susilowati A. 2013. Review: Physical, physical chemistries, chemical and sensorial characteristics of the several fruits and vegetable chips by produced low-temperature of vacuum frying machine. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 86-103. Frying process is one of the oldest cooking methods and most widely practiced in the world. Frying process is considered as a dry cooking method because it does not involve water. In the frying process, oil conduction occurred at high temperature presses water out of food in the form of bubbles. Fried foods last longer due to reduced water contents leading to less decomposition by microbes, even fried foods can enhance nutritional value and beautify appearance. Food frying technology can extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables, while the frying oil is used to enhance the flavor of the products, but the use of improper frying oil can have harmful effects on human health. Vacuum frying is a promising technology and may become an option for the production of snacks such as fruit and vegetable crisps that present the desired quality and respond to the new health trends. This technique of frying food at a low temperature and pressure makes the nutritional quality of the food is maintained and the quality of the used oil is not quickly declined to become saturated oils that are harmful to human health. This technique produces chips that have physical, physicochemical, chemical, and sensorial properties generally better than chips produced by conventional deep-fat frying methods.
Short Communication: Global warming - Problem with environmental and economical impacts SHIVANI M. RAI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 5 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n050207

Abstract

Abstract. Rai SM. 2013. Short Communication: Global warming – Problem with environmental and economical impacts. Nusantara Bioscience 5: 102-105. The present article is focused on global warming, which is an important global problem being faced by the humankind. The article discusses about the causes of the global warming, such as green house gases. The earth receives energy from the Sun in the form of solar radiations with small amount of infra red and ultraviolet rays. A part of these radiations is absorbed by green house gases which results into warming of the earth. These radiations increase temperature on the universe and are one of the most important global problems. The efforts from all the countries of the world are required for reduction of emissions of green house gases. 

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