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COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA People’s Empowerment, Rights, Human Advocacy, and Legal Knowledge Initiative (PERHAKI) Division Editorial Office: Karanganyar 003/001, Pekutan, Mirit, Kab. Kebumen, Jawa Tengah
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Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies
Published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31645836     DOI : https://doi.org/10.65815
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Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies (e-ISSN: 3164-5836) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal in the field of anti-corruption studies, published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA in online format (electronic journal). First published in 2024, the journal is issued quarterly in March, June, September, and December. The journal focuses specifically on corruption, anti-corruption, law enforcement, anti-corruption policy, and governance, particularly in relation to institutional integrity, transparency, accountability, and public trust. Its scope covers corruption prevention and detection, anti-corruption strategies and policies, corruption-related legal frameworks, law enforcement and judicial institutions, institutional reform, public sector integrity, good governance, transparency and accountability mechanisms, public financial management, civil society participation, and digital approaches to corruption prevention. The journal welcomes empirical, doctrinal, comparative, and interdisciplinary studies from law and related fields that contribute to understanding and addressing corruption. The journal applies a double-anonymous peer-review process and provides immediate open access to published articles under the CC BY 4.0 License, with copyright retained by the authors.
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Articles 50 Documents
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Legal Reform and Anti-Corruption: Evaluating Indonesia’s Corruption Court System Muhammad Zale Idris
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/yxeb9970

Abstract

Indonesia’s Corruption Court (Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi), established in the wake of the post-Suharto reform era, represents a critical institutional mechanism designed to combat systemic corruption through judicial accountability. This paper critically evaluates the structure, performance, and evolution of Indonesia’s Corruption Court system within the broader context of legal reform and anti-corruption policy. Drawing on a combination of legal analysis, institutional theory, and empirical data—including case statistics, judicial decisions, and stakeholder interviews—this study assesses the extent to which the Corruption Court has succeeded in achieving its mandate of independence, impartiality, and deterrence. Findings indicate that while the Corruption Court has played a significant role in high-profile prosecutions and contributed to increased public awareness of corruption, its effectiveness has been increasingly undermined by legal amendments, jurisdictional inconsistencies, and political interference. The institutional weakening of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has further diminished the court's integrative capacity within Indonesia’s anti-corruption framework. The paper argues that legal reform alone is insufficient without sustained political will and structural safeguards that ensure judicial independence and transparency. This study contributes to the international discourse on anti-corruption by providing a nuanced case of how specialized judicial mechanisms function in emerging democracies. It also offers policy recommendations relevant for other jurisdictions considering similar court systems. Ultimately, the paper highlights the paradox of institutional reform in transitional democracies—where legal innovations can be both a tool for progress and a site of political contestation.
The Effectiveness of the KPK After Legislative Interventions: A Critical Legal Analysis Eki Kurniawan; Zulfikar Zulfikar; Siti Noor Ahmad Sani Shabri
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/qmbyz782

Abstract

The Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi or KPK) has long been regarded as a cornerstone of Indonesia’s anti-corruption architecture. However, recent legislative interventions—most notably the 2019 revision of the KPK Law—have raised serious concerns about the commission’s autonomy, authority, and overall effectiveness. This paper presents a critical legal analysis of the impact of these legislative changes on the KPK’s institutional performance, prosecutorial power, and public legitimacy. Drawing from doctrinal legal research, judicial review outcomes, policy documents, and expert interviews, the study evaluates the post-revision KPK’s ability to function as an independent and effective anti-corruption body. The analysis reveals that the legislative interventions have significantly constrained the KPK’s investigative independence, particularly through the establishment of a supervisory board and the requirement for external approvals in wiretapping and investigations. These changes have led to declining prosecution rates, reduced public trust, and heightened political interference. While framed by lawmakers as efforts to strengthen oversight and accountability, the revisions have in practice diluted the commission’s institutional strength and deterrent effect. This paper contributes to the international legal discourse by illustrating how formal legal reforms can paradoxically weaken anti-corruption institutions under the guise of regulatory improvement. The Indonesian case demonstrates the fragility of institutional integrity in transitional democracies and offers cautionary insights for other countries undergoing legal restructuring of anti-corruption agencies. It underscores the importance of maintaining functional independence as a prerequisite for institutional credibility and impact.
Revisiting the Whistleblower Protection Law in Indonesia: Between Policy and Practice Mustofa Kemal Farizki; Saskia Novianti
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/mcdetz18

Abstract

Whistleblower protection is a critical component of effective anti-corruption frameworks, enabling individuals to report misconduct without fear of retaliation. In Indonesia, legal provisions for whistleblower protection have been introduced through various statutes, including the Witness and Victim Protection Law (Law No. 13/2006, as amended) and sectoral regulations. However, despite these frameworks, practical challenges persist in ensuring adequate and consistent protection for whistleblowers. This paper examines the legal and institutional mechanisms governing whistleblower protection in Indonesia, assessing their effectiveness through a comparative legal analysis and case study approach. The findings reveal a significant disconnect between policy and practice. Although formal legal instruments exist, their implementation is hindered by institutional fragmentation, lack of coordination among enforcement bodies, and inadequate public awareness. Moreover, whistleblowers often face threats, social stigma, and professional repercussions, indicating a systemic failure to translate legal norms into protective realities. The paper further identifies gaps in the legal definitions, procedural guarantees, and enforcement mechanisms that undermine the overall credibility of the system. By situating Indonesia’s experience within the broader global discourse on whistleblower protection, this study highlights the need for a unified legal framework, independent oversight bodies, and comprehensive support systems for informants. It contributes to international debates on how emerging democracies can build legal infrastructures that not only encourage disclosures but also safeguard the individuals behind them. The Indonesian case underscores that without robust protection mechanisms, whistleblowing laws risk becoming symbolic rather than substantive tools in the fight against corruption.
Anti-Corruption Regulations in the Decentralization Era: A Regional Governance Perspective Zidan Hamizan Ahmad Hanif; Muhammad Umar Simalungun
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/s9jnrk48

Abstract

Indonesia’s transition to a decentralized governance model, following the Reformasi period, significantly shifted political and administrative power to regional governments. While intended to improve efficiency and accountability, decentralization has also created new spaces for corruption at the local level. This paper critically analyzes the effectiveness of anti-corruption regulations in Indonesia’s decentralized era, focusing on how regional governance dynamics interact with national anti-corruption frameworks. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines legal analysis, regulatory mapping, and case studies of selected provinces and districts, the study evaluates the implementation, enforcement, and impact of anti-corruption regulations at the subnational level. The findings suggest that decentralization has led to regulatory fragmentation and uneven enforcement of anti-corruption laws across regions. Local political elites often operate with limited oversight, and anti-corruption mechanisms are frequently weakened by patronage networks, lack of institutional capacity, and resistance to external scrutiny. Although the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has attempted to extend its reach into regional jurisdictions, its efforts are often constrained by political and legal limitations. The paper highlights a mismatch between centralized policy frameworks and the realities of localized governance structures. This study contributes to the broader international debate on the risks and opportunities of decentralization in the fight against corruption. It argues that effective anti-corruption regulation in decentralized contexts requires stronger intergovernmental coordination, context-sensitive policy design, and empowered local oversight institutions. Indonesia’s experience offers valuable lessons for other countries undergoing similar governance transitions in the Global South.
Gaps Between Anti-Corruption Laws and Implementation: A Normative-Legal Study Egi Dahono Kuncoro
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): March, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/6870vv23

Abstract

Indonesia has developed an extensive legal framework aimed at combating corruption, including specific statutes, criminal provisions, and institutional mandates. However, despite the apparent strength of these legal instruments, corruption remains a deeply entrenched issue in both the public and private sectors. This paper conducts a normative-legal study to examine the gap between anti-corruption laws and their actual implementation. Through doctrinal legal analysis supported by empirical references and judicial records, the study explores the extent to which Indonesia’s anti-corruption laws align with constitutional mandates, international standards, and practical realities. The findings demonstrate a persistent disjuncture between formal legal provisions and institutional enforcement. Key issues include vague legal definitions, inconsistent judicial interpretations, lack of coordination among enforcement agencies, and selective prosecution. Moreover, structural problems—such as political interference, insufficient legal capacity, and institutional corruption—further undermine the effective application of anti-corruption laws. These weaknesses erode public confidence in the rule of law and diminish the deterrent effect of existing legal mechanisms. This paper contributes to the global discourse on anti-corruption by emphasizing that strong legal texts are not sufficient without parallel efforts in institutional reform, legal culture transformation, and accountability mechanisms. It also argues for the necessity of a holistic legal strategy that integrates preventive, punitive, and educational dimensions. Indonesia’s case highlights the importance of bridging the normative-implementation gap to ensure that legal reforms translate into genuine anti-corruption outcomes.
Political Will in Anti-Corruption Reform: A Study of Presidential Policies in Indonesia Muhammad Irham Abrori
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/yx9dbn24

Abstract

Political will is widely regarded as a crucial determinant of successful anti-corruption reforms. This paper examines the role of presidential leadership and policy initiatives in shaping Indonesia’s anti-corruption landscape from the Reformasi era to the present. Utilizing a qualitative policy analysis and discourse analysis of presidential speeches, decrees, and legislative proposals, the study investigates how political commitment manifests in practice and its impact on institutional reforms, particularly focusing on the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and judiciary reforms. The findings reveal a complex relationship between political will and anti-corruption outcomes, where episodic support from presidents often clashes with entrenched political interests and bureaucratic resistance. While some administrations have championed bold reforms, others have exhibited ambivalence or even undermined key institutions. The paper argues that genuine political will requires consistent, transparent, and sustained actions beyond rhetoric, coupled with an enabling political environment. This study contributes to the international debate by illustrating how leadership dynamics influence the durability of anti-corruption reforms in emerging democracies. It offers policy recommendations to strengthen executive accountability and promote cross-institutional cooperation for more effective corruption control in Indonesia and comparable contexts.
Clientelism and Corruption in Local Elections: Evidence from Indonesia’s Pilkada Samuel Raditya Putra; I Gede Putu Oka Bagaskara
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/0vpvyh91

Abstract

This study explores the interplay between clientelism and corruption during Indonesia’s local elections (Pilkada), focusing on how patronage networks influence electoral outcomes and governance. By analyzing election data, campaign finance reports, and qualitative interviews with local officials and voters in selected districts, the paper investigates how clientelist practices perpetuate corruption and undermine democratic accountability. The findings reveal that clientelism remains deeply embedded in the political culture of many regions, facilitating vote-buying, nepotism, and rent-seeking behavior. These practices erode public trust and weaken institutional efforts to promote transparency and fairness in elections. Despite regulatory frameworks designed to curb corruption, enforcement is often lax or compromised by vested interests. The study contributes to global discussions on electoral corruption by highlighting the challenges of implementing democratic reforms in contexts marked by patronage politics. It emphasizes the need for stronger electoral oversight, civic education, and grassroots mobilization to disrupt clientelist networks and enhance democratic integrity in Indonesia and other emerging democracies.
The Role of Political Parties in Perpetuating or Preventing Corruption in Indonesia Dimas Satria Wibawa
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/6amqyc18

Abstract

Political parties are key actors in shaping corruption dynamics within democratic systems. This paper examines the dual role of Indonesian political parties in both perpetuating and combating corruption. Drawing on party manifestos, internal governance structures, and corruption case studies involving party officials, the study assesses how parties’ organizational cultures, funding mechanisms, and accountability measures influence their contribution to corruption risks or reform efforts. Findings suggest that many parties engage in corrupt practices, including vote-buying and patronage, driven by weak internal controls and competitive pressures. However, some parties have also emerged as advocates for transparency and good governance, promoting reform agendas and cooperating with anti-corruption agencies. The study highlights the ambivalence of political parties as both enablers and potential agents of anti-corruption reform. This nuanced understanding enriches international scholarship by demonstrating the complexities of party politics in corruption dynamics and suggesting avenues for strengthening party institutionalization and ethical norms in Indonesia and similar contexts.
Bureaucratic Reform and the Fight Against Corruption: Between Idealism and Reality Anastasia Amira Zahbi; Wisnu Alif Wardana
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/a234pk86

Abstract

Bureaucratic reform is widely promoted as a critical strategy for reducing corruption and enhancing public sector efficiency. This paper investigates the implementation and outcomes of bureaucratic reform initiatives in Indonesia’s anti-corruption efforts, focusing on policy design, institutional capacity, and frontline bureaucrats’ behaviors. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes policy document analysis, surveys of public servants, and case studies of reform programs, the study identifies key factors shaping the gap between reform ideals and practical realities. Findings reveal that while reforms have introduced modern management techniques and accountability measures, persistent challenges such as entrenched patronage, limited resources, and resistance to change undermine their effectiveness. The study argues that without addressing underlying political and cultural factors, bureaucratic reforms risk being symbolic rather than transformative. This research contributes to broader debates on governance reform by emphasizing the need for holistic approaches that integrate technical, political, and social dimensions to combat corruption in developing democracies like Indonesia.
Democratic Backsliding and the Weakening of Anti-Corruption Institutions in Indonesia Lilis Sekar Jati; Teguh Sakti Mandala
Indonesian Anti Corruption Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): June, 2024
Publisher : COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65815/cp82j094

Abstract

This paper explores the phenomenon of democratic backsliding in Indonesia and its implications for the strength and independence of anti-corruption institutions. Through analysis of political developments, legal amendments, and institutional performance data since 2019, the study examines how erosion of democratic norms correlates with challenges faced by bodies such as the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). The findings suggest that increased executive dominance, legislative interference, and shrinking civil society space have collectively weakened institutional checks and balances designed to combat corruption. The paper situates Indonesia’s experience within the global context of democratic decline, arguing that weakening democracy compromises not only political freedoms but also anti-corruption governance. This study contributes to international discussions by highlighting the interconnectedness of democratic health and corruption control and calls for renewed efforts to safeguard democratic institutions to ensure the resilience of anti-corruption agencies in transitional democracies.

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