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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)" : 6 Documents clear
POLLINATION EFFECTIVENESS OF APIS CERANA FABRICUS AND APIS MELLIFERA LINNAEUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN JATROPHA CURCAS L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) ATMOWIDI, TRI; RIYANTI, PUJI; SUTRISNA, ANDENG
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (88.593 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.72

Abstract

Pollinators are well known to provide key ecosystem. Animal pollinators are thought to contribute between 15 and 30% of global food production and bees are recognized to be the most important taxon. The pollination effectiveness of two species of bees, Apis cerana and A. mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) was studied.  Three cages, made of insect screen were set up.  Each cage contains three individual plants. One colony of A. mellifera and A. cerana were placed in the first and second cage, while the third cage was used for control plants. Bee colonies were placed during one month in the first and second cages.   Fruit set of plants pollinated by A. mellifera, A. cerana, control plants, and open plants were counted and compared.  Pollination by honeybees increased the number of fruits per plant and fruits per raceme of J. curcas. Based on measuring of fruit produced by plants, pollination effectiveness of A. mellifera was higher than A. carana.   Key words: Pollination, effectiveness, Apis cerana, A. mellifera, seed set, Jatropha curcas.
OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTIONAL RANGE OF MANGROVE VASCULAR FLORA OF CATANDUANES ISLAND, LUZON, PHILIPPINES MASAGCA, JIMMY TEVAR
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (92.513 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.68

Abstract

Mangroves play very significant roles not only on the economic aspects but also on the ecological aspects as biobelting for tidal surges and tsunamis. The loss of human lives due to the deadly tsunamis in East Asia and the unabated destruction of coastal vegetation have resulted in a renewed focus on the mangrove resources. The purpose of this paper is to report the existing mangrove database of the typhoon-prone island province of Catanduanes in Luzon, Philippines which will be used as bases in determining the appropriate educational management initiatives of various sectors for mangrove rehabilitation and regeneration.   A total of 37 species of mangrove vascular flora (13 species of major mangrove elements, 10 species of minor mangrove elements and 14 associated mangrove species) were identified in the island under study. Two species of the genus Avicennia (A. marina and A. officinalis) were noted in the island. The other genera (Bruguiera, Ceriops, Sonneratia and Rhizophora) are well distributed in the designated eco-zones. Nypa fruticans is the most important mangrove plant species and a member of the screwpine family (Pandanaceae), Pandanus tectorius which is an associated mangrove species is well-distributed all throughout the island.Key words:  Mangroves, vascular flora, Catanduanes, Philippines, occurrence and distribution.
EFFECT OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN SOYBEAN MEAL BASED DIET ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GREEN CATFISH (Hemibagrus nemurus) JUSADI, DEDI; YULISMAN; MOKOGINTA, ING
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.641 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.70

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytase supplemented to the diet on phosphorus (P) digestibility and growth performance of the green catfish Hemibagrus nemurus. Five kinds of experimental diets were used in this experiment, namely diets A, B, C, D and E. Diet A, as a control, was supplemented with inorganic P, without phytase supplementation. Diet B, C, D and E were supplemented with 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg phytase/100 g soybean meal (SBM), respectively, without inorganic P supplementation. Fifteen fish with initial body weight of 6.9 + 0.2 g were stocked into each 60-l aquarium. Fish were fed on the diets for 60 days. Results indicated that P digestibility increased from 64.5% to 87.0% as phytase supplement increased from 0 mg in diet B to 60 mg phytase/100 g SBM in diet E. P digestibility in diet E was higher than that in diet A (77.6%). The daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio followed similar trend. P, Calcium (Ca) and Zinc (Zn) concentration in the whole body and bone of fish fed diet E were higher than the fish fed diet B, C and D, but were insignificant compared to the fish fed diet A. Nitrogen (N) and P loading by fish fed diet E were, respectively, 76% and 20% lower than those in fish fed the control diet. It is concluded that the inclusion of 60 mg phytase/100 g SBM in the diet of the green catfish could replace the utilization of inorganic P increase the digestibility of the diet thereby resulting in increased growth rate and reduced excretion of P and N into the waters. Keywords: Hemibagrus nemurus, phytase, soybean meal, phosphorus.
TAXOMETRICS CLASSIFICATION (HIERARCHICAL AND ORDINATION) OF AQUATIC AND SEMI-AQUATIC MOSSES: A PRELIMINARY MODEL TO BRYODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT LOO, MIN JET; CASILLAS, T. A. DELVALLS; DIAZ, L. MARTIN
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.73

Abstract

Bryodiversity is naturally serving the ecosystems sustainably. It serves the environments by preventing natural disaster (flooding), maintaining the quality of the water body and filter or treats the pollutants naturally. Efficient bryodiversity management is needed for environmental cost cutting and have a cost-effective management strategy. To achieve this, cluster and principal component analyses (PCA) were manipulated to produce the linkage distance between the OTUs and identify the important groups of characters, respectively. In return, it becomes a guideline for bryoflora and environmental managements. In this study, 23 OTUs and 156 characters were analyzed. The output from the reliability and item analysis showed that the data set is highly reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.9627). From the cluster analysis, it showed that 5 clustered groups (manageable units) could be derived from the produced phenogram. This is based on the nearest neighbour amalgation rule and Euclidean distances. As for the principal component analysis, three factors were derived and explained 75.1064% of the variation with 56.0485%(PC1), 11.7346%(PC2) and 7.3233%(PC3), respectively. The ordination showed that 5 manageable units were derived from PC1 and 3 manageable units for PC2 and PC3, respectively. In conclusion, conservation should precede any biodiversity management plans.   Keywords: aquatic mosses, semi-aquatic mosses, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), classification  
COMPATIBILITY STUDIES OF INTERSPECIFIC IN VITRO MICROGRAFTING OF AGARWOOD (Aquilaria malaccensis LAMK.) MATHIUS, NURITA TORUAN; SITUMORANG, JONNER; RACHMAWATI, DEWI RACHMAWATI; ANIDA
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.69

Abstract

Aquilaria spp produced agarwood as nonwood  forest production, and has high economic value. A. malaccensis is susceptible to white rot diseases and termites. On the other hand most of the community plantations are a mixed culture with rubber trees, oil palms and with high risk of contamination causing white root diseases. Besides that, vegetative propagation by cuttings, stumping or air layering are still very difficult with low percentage of growth. The objectives of this research were to analyze the best suitable micrograft type, changes of SDS-PAGE protein band patterns of compatible and incompatible micrografts with several combinations of gaharu planlets in in vitro condition, and histology of union area between rootstocks and scion. The results showed that wedge or V type was the best of the micrografs. MS medium with the addition of 3 mg/L IBA was the best medium for gaharu planlet growth after micrografting. Acclimatization was conducted in husk chacoal and top soil  (1:1) medium  and grown under plastic house of 70% shading with paranet. Compatible combination (Ac/Am) of micrografting showed that anatomy structure of union area is the same as anatomy structure of non micrograftd planlet. While incompatible (Gv/Am)  micrografting produced necrotic layer growth from pith and parenchymateous tissues of the wood in union area   along  the middle of radial  shoot. Recovery period of union area between stocks and scion is initiated by callus formation from the pith and parenchymatous tissues of the wood. Callus will differentiate into mature cells or tissue and become  combined  phloem and xylem vessels between rootstocks and scion. SDS-PAGE protein band pattern on compatible combination was the same as plants originated from seedlings. While, incompatible combination produced new protein bands with molecular weight around  21 and 30 kD. Key words : Agarwood, Aquilaria spp, micrografting in vitro, incompatible micrografting, SDS-PAGE protein, incompatible histology.
USING STREPTOMYCES XYLANASE TO PRODUCE XYLOOLIGOSACHARIDE FROM CORNCOB MERYANDINI, ANJA; SUNARTI, TITI CANDRA; NAOMI, APRILIA; MUTIA, FERY
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 2 (2008)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.2.71

Abstract

Streptomyces 234P-16 and SKK1-8 are xylanase-producing bacteria. Corncob xylan were extracted using acidified method. Crude enzymes (produced by centrifuging the culture) were used to hydrolyze xylan from 2 varieties of corncob. Crude extract activity was measured by using DNS (Dinitrosalisilic Acid) method. Xylanase from strain 234P-16 has the highest activity if cultivated in 1% Hawaii xylan, whereas strain SKK1-8 on 1.5% Bisma xylan. SKK1-8 xylanase can hydrolize corncob xylan (1% Hawaii or 1.5% Bisma xylan) within 4 hours and produce xylooligosacharide with polymerization degree of 4.76 and 6.37, respectively. Key words: Xylanase, Xylooligosacharide, Streptomyces.

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