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Forum Geografi
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 08520682     EISSN : 24603945     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
Aim Forum Geografi is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the field of geography by publishing original scientific articles on spatial issues. The journal prioritizes studies that employ rigorous spatial analysis and geospatial technologies—such as GIS and remote sensing—to deepen theoretical and empirical understanding of spatial patterns, processes, and interactions in both physical and human geography. Focus The primary focus of Forum Geografi is on studies that apply Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and/or remote sensing for spatial and regional analysis of physical and human geographic phenomena. Scope - Human and environment interaction - Geomorphology: process and modelling - River basin: process and modelling - GIS and/or Remote sensing-based disaster-related study - Urban, rural, and regional study
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geologi
Articles 97 Documents
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Enhancing Digital Elevation Model Accuracy for Flood Modelling – A Case Study of the Ciberes River in Cirebon, Indonesia Sahid Sahid
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.1839

Abstract

Topographic conditions represented by the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are essential in flood inundation models. The DEM, which is categorised as a Digital Surface Model (DSM) stores the height information, besides the ground and non-ground elevation required for preprocessing before being employed in hydrologic applications, particularly in relation to flood modelling by removing non-ground elevation along the floodplain and river channels. The improvement in the accuracy of flood inundation modelling is crucial in reducing the impact of flood disasters. This study aims to compare the accuracy level of the DEM based on TerraSAR-X data with the filtering process using slope-based filtering and combining the cross-sectional river profile from the field measurement with the filtered DEM. The result confirms that the accuracy of the DEM product is improved via filtering to remove non-ground elevations, and there is a significant improvement in accuracy by means of fused river profile information for the filtered DEM. The results of adding river information to the DEM could provide a representation closer to the cross-sectional profile of the river based on field measurements within the accuracy level Mean Absolute Error 2.51 m, 2.72 m, and 1.91 m in the left overbank, right overbank and centre of the river, respectively. The performance results of the 2- dimensional flood hydrodynamic modelling using HEC-RAS derived from the DEM before filtering, after filtering, and the addition of river information show increasing accuracy in flood depth at each stage of the DEM processing. There is an improvement in accuracy in flood depth of approximately 11.67% using the filtered DEM, besides an increase in accuracy in flood depth by 24.98% utilising the filtered DEM with added river channel information.
Analysis of Chlorophyll-a Variability in the Eastern Indonesian Waters Using Sentinel-3 OLCI from 2020-2021 Eko Handoko; Noorlaila Hayati; Muhammad Syariz; Megivareza Hanansyah
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.2361

Abstract

The Eastern Indonesian waters are significant in influencing the global climate system and oceanic connectivity. However, the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) facilitates the movement of waters from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. This flow vertically mixes water masses in the Eastern regions, leading to the concentration of phytoplankton. In addition, the distribution of phytoplankton, indicative of chlorophyll-a concentration, is influenced by upwelling and downwelling phenomena. Chlorophyll-a, responsible for capturing carbon and producing oxygen in marine ecosystems, is important in regulating climate change. Moreover, oceanographic conditions play a significant role in the dispersion of chlorophyll-a concentration. Therefore, this study adopted ocean colour remote sensing technology to assess chlorophyll-a distribution. Monthly ocean colour data was collected by the multi-temporal Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI). The analysis output included chlorophyll-a concentration associated with currents and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Data processing using the Case-2 Regional Coast Colour (C2RCC) processor resulted in an average chlorophyll-a concentration in the Eastern Indonesian waters ranging from 0.16 to 0.52. The results showed higher chlorophyll-a levels during the southeast monsoon (July to September) and lower levels during the northwest monsoon (January to March).
Spatial Differentiation of the Land and Nutrient Footprints for Kampala: Implications for Urban Food Sustainability Joyfred Asaba; Paul Isolo Mukwaya; Shauib Lwasa; Yazidhi Bamutaze; Fredrick Omolo
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i2.2421

Abstract

Rapid urban growth, together with an increase in urban food demand and rural-urban food flows, effectively transfer the urban footprint to the surrounding cities. In Uganda, where fast urban growth is evident, data on the resultant foodprint is sparse. To bridge this gap in knowledge, this paper quantitatively analyses the flows of the rural-urban cooking banana (matooke) to Kampala, Uganda, and the embedded land and nutrient footprints. Food freight surveys involving interviews with food truck drivers and field measurements were used to obtain data on quantities of banana flow to ten purposively sampled city markets. The results confirm that 88.5% of Kampala’s banana inflows are sourced from the Ankole sub-region. Disaggregation of the flows by season revealed a 52% fall in banana supplies to the city during the wet season. The calculated annual land footprint associated with the city’s banana inflows was 15,268 hectares. The hot spots for NPK nutrient mining are in the Ankole region, including mean daily losses of 362.29±29.13Kg (K), 104.66±8.42Kg (N) and 4.03±0.32Kg(P). The ANOVA results exhibited significant differences (P˂0.05) in the cooking banana land and nutrient footprints between the source regions and concerning the dry and wet seasons, except for the Rwenzori, Kigezi, and Bunyoro sub-regions pertaining to the land footprint and Buganda, Tooro, and  Bunyoro as regards the nutrient footprint. These results emphasise the intense rural nutrient mining that is associated with urban food consumption. Thus, to guarantee sustainable matooke production, there is a need to establish waste diversion strategies that enable nutrient recycling back to rural farms.
Monitoring Mining Impact for Geosites Using Time Series NDVI and Run-off in the Eastern Part of Southern Java Mountains, Indonesia Fahmi Arif Kurnianto; Elan Artono Nurdin; Era Iswara Pangastuti; Syintia Bella
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i2.2996

Abstract

Several geosites in the Eastern Part of the Southern Mountains of Java which are currently being mined are important geosites because they have recorded tectonic processes in the tertiary period. However, mining activities without environmental monitoring could be  lead loss of rock outcrops and alteration of mineralscontained in the geosite. This study aims to monitor the vegetation index and run off in karst geosites and gold mined hills. We used Sentinel 2A Imagery on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to get the vegetation index (NDVI) and run off values temporally. The Sentinel 2A data acquisition pro-cess in both 2018 and 2022 was carried out on the Google Earth Engine with specific steps consisting import data from cloud collection, cloud masking, and customing date acquistion. The results show that there has been a decrease in the vegetation index in the period 2018-2022 which is indicated by the decrease in the vegetation index value in the mined area. Another impact found is that there has been an increase in the run-off value in 2022 in both the Karst Puger Hills and the Tumpang Pitu Hills. The NDVI pattern on mined geosites has also changed significantly due to increasingly intense mining activities. The NDVI fluctuation pattern in the Karst Hills in 2018-2020 ranges from 0.41 to 0.74, while in 2021-2022 the fluctuation pattern is only in the range 0.05 to 0.4, respectively. The NDVI fluctuation pattern in the Tumpang Pitu Gold Hills in 2018-2019 is in the range 0.6 to 0.8, while in 2020-2022 it is in the range 0.38 to 0.52, respectively. Google Earth Engine is able to map the vegeta-tion index more efficiently by using a time series approach. These advancement is different compare to previous studies, where our study shows rapid acquisition during pre-processing, performing NDVI with rapid temporal analysis, and shows numerous degraded land in southern java mountains.   There-fore, it can be concluded that there has been a decrease in the vegetation index and an increase in run off which can threaten the rock outcrop on the geosite. Furthermore, this study suggest that GEE should be considered as a main tool to identified degraded land, particularly for geosite conservation.
Localising Global Standards in Toba, Indonesia Through a Tourist-Centric Perspective of UNESCO Guidelines Rachmat Mulyana; I Wayan Koko Suryawan; Iva Yenis Septiariva; Sapta Suhardono; Mega Mutiara Sari; Nova Ulhasanah; Nur Novilina Arifianningsih; Wisnu Prayogo; Dwinto Martri Aji Buana
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.3022

Abstract

This study examines the response to and support of the UNESCO recommendations on behalf of geo-tourism using the actual perspectives of tourists visiting the Toba region. The study employed a detailed map of Toba Geo-tourism in the Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia, to provide a comprehensive understanding. The research was underpinned by a random sampling approach, gathering responses from a broad spectrum of tourists. The results captured an optimistic landscape, demonstrating a clear synergy between the UNESCO recommendations and the sentiments of the tourists. Not only did the guidelines resonate, but there was also a palpable feeling among tourists to either extend their stay or make a subsequent visit, provided the recommendations were implemented holistically. This study stresses the value of adopting and localising global sustainable tourism standards to suit a region such as Toba’s unique attributes and tourist expectations. By means of this research, we aim to amplify that dialogue, charting a path for Toba and similar regions to embrace a future that is both ecologically sensitive and visitor centric.
Spatial Distribution of Seawater Intrusion Based on Various Lithologies in Pesanggaran Subdistrict, Banyuwangi, Indonesia Dwi Lestari; Sri Astutik; Fahmi Arif Kurnianto
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.3182

Abstract

Seawater intrusion often occurs in shoreline areas closest to alluvium rock lithology and is caused by excessive groundwater exploration. In Pesanggaran Banyuwangi, saline groundwater was found at approximately 8000 m from the shoreline. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of seawater intrusion based on rock lithology, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Pesanggaran, Banyuwangi. A descriptive-quantitative survey method was used to assess groundwater quality based on EC, TDS, and spatial distribution parameters. Interpolation with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was used to map seawater intrusion and its relationship to each parameter. The results showed that moderate-saline groundwater was found in several areas far from the coast with volcanic rock lithology, namely Kalibaru formations (Qpvk) and limestone lithology at Batuampar formation. Groundwater in shoreline areas (Alluvium) was dominated by freshwater due to the deposition process found in alluvium lithology, which could form an aquifer with high quantity. Saline groundwater in Batuampar and Kalibaru formations showed salt minerals flushing related to shallow marine deposition since the tertiary period. In conclusion, Pesanggaran Subdistrict had uneven spatial distribution, and no significant relationship with distance from the shoreline, but it was related to the deformation process for each lithology.
Spatial Modelling Analysis for Potential Expansion of Cipanas City Candidate Area as Autonomous City Lili Somantri
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.3579

Abstract

The establishment of new autonomous city is considered a significant decision and the proposal has been under review in Cipanas for several years. Therefore, this research aimed to address the proposal by conducting spatial modelling analysis for potential expansion of Cipanas as autonomous city, using Geographic Information System (GIS) method. The physical and social factors were analysed, using spatial overlay analysis to determine potential development area. SWOT analysis was also performed for qualitative insights into strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the prospective Cipanas area. The results showed that Cipanas had significant potential to become autonomous city, with a particular focus on agriculture and tourism due to the varied topography and predominant natural land use. Through overlay analysis, areas in Pacet, Cipanas, and a small part of Cugenang Sub-districts were identified as potential development zones for the capital city. In general, Cipanas area was found suitable for the development of a major city with an agropolitan concept. Certain areas were considered more appropriate with urban characteristics compared to other areas based on specific criteria. Based on the results, recommendations include infrastructure improvements, economic sector diversification, tourism promotion, and disaster risk reduction activities. GIS spatial analysis facilitated the accurate identification of potential areas, aiding in mapping and pinpointing optimal areas for the establishment of new autonomous city.
Vegetation Cover Change in Ugam Chatkal National Park, Uzbekistan, in Relation to Climate Variables During the Post-Soviet Period (1991-2022) Bokhir Alikhanov; Bakhtiyor Pulatov; Luqmon Samiev
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.3824

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study relating to the vegetation cover change in Ugam Chatkal National Park (Uzbekistan) and its relation to climate change during the post-Soviet period (1991-2022). The study utilises remote sensing technology, specifically the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), to monitor spatiotemporal changes in vegetation. Landsat satellite imagery and meteorological data, including temperature and precipitation records form the basis of the analysis. The research aims to understand the impact of climatic factors, such as air temperature, soil temperature, and precipitation on vegetation cover. Statistical methods, such as Pearson's correlation analysis, are employed to determine the strength and direction of relationships between these variables. The study reveals that both NDVI and SAVI are strongly correlated with air and soil temperatures, indicating the significant influence of these climatic factors on vegetation health and growth. The findings suggest that changes in vegetation cover in the Ugam Chatkal National Park are closely tied to climate change, with air temperature revealing a substantial correlation with time, indicating a trend toward increasing temperatures. The study also forecasts future climatic and vegetation trends, predicting an increase in air temperature, precipitation, and vegetation cover over the next four decades. In particular, the research highlights the magnitude of monitoring and understanding the complex interactions between climate change and vegetation dynamics, which are crucial for environmental management and regional policy-making.
Dams Overtopping Scenarios from Catastrophic Landslides in Mountains’ Headwaters: Case Study in Kobe City, Japan Christopher Gomez
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i1.4080

Abstract

As a Mw 8.0 Nankai Trough Earthquake is predicted with an 80% probability of occurrence within the next 30 years, the efficiency of check dams in the mountains above Kobe City is a crucial question when considering co-seismic landslide disaster risk management. In the present contribution, the author aimed to define which subsection of the Sumiyoshigawa watershed may be more prone to generate impacts downstream of Kobe City from catastrophic landslides in the headwaters. For this purpose, the present state of the check dams network was analysed from the 2018 LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data, considering the progressive infilling of the structures. As a result, the capacity of the dams in 2018 dropped by about 1/10 of the original designed capacity, arguably because of the heavy rainfall events in 2014 and 2018. Despite this evolution, landslides > 20,000 m3 starting from only one tributary can fill all the dams and flow downstream. This data makes it possible to prioritise dam curation programs, especially because population ageing and shrinking are reducing the manpower and the funds available to maintain the check dams.
The Detection of Past and Future Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ugam Chatkal National Park, Uzbekistan, Using CA-Markov and Random Forest Machine Learning Algorithms Bokhir Alikhanov; Bakhtiyor Pulatov; Luqmon Samiev
Forum Geografi Vol. 38 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/forgeo.v38i2.4221

Abstract

This comprehensive study investigates land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Ugam Chatkal Na-tional Park, Uzbekistan, over a 30-year period from 1993 to 2022 with Landsat satellite images. Utili-zing advanced CA-Markov and Random Forest machine learning algorithms, it meticulously analyzes historical data to understand past trends and projects future LULC changes. According to remote sen-sing analysis of the past, our findings show the sharp decline of glacier land cover from 2105 km2 to 1334 km2 in the Ugam Chatkal National Park, replaced by tree cover (from 327 km2 in 1993 to 450 km2 in 2022), rangelands (1259 km2 in 1993 to 1355 km2 in 2020), and rocks (from 834 km2 in 1993 to 1390 km2 in 2022). Agriculture, water and bare land witnessed some fluctuations but did not change significantly. At the same time, the region experienced some urbanization, raising the urban area from 50 km2 in 1993 to 90 km2 after 29 years. The article suggests three possible scenarios for the future of the region: “hard”, “soft” and “bad” scenarios. Land cover change predictions are done in TerrSet software with the CA-Markov model for four decades: 2035, 2045,2055 and 2065. Hard and soft sce-narios predict similar patterns for the future: a decline in glacier cover and a rise of tree cover, rock and rangelands, with a slight increase in agriculture and urban classes. Whereas “bad” scenario, which incorporates rapid urbanization and agricultural expansion for the study area, forecasts a climb of the urban area until 415 km2 (8% of the territory) until 2065, and 286 km2 for agriculture.

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