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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 01261312 EISSN : 23563931 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101

Core Subject : Science,

Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience

Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 52, No 4 (2020)" : 10 Documents clear

Incidental bladder wall alteration as a surgical complication risk factor in Indonesian benign prostate hyperplasia patient Daniel Mahendra Krisna; Akhada Maulana; Erwin Kresnoadi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Bladder obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes bladder walls alteration such as trabecular and diverticula. Although it is asymptomatic, however it affects the surgery complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between bladder wall alteration and post-surgery complications in BPH patients. It was a descriptive observational study with cross-sectional design involving BPH patients who underwent histopathological examination and surgical intervention in the Bhayangkara Hospital Mataram from January 2010-December 2014. Data of the patients including age, place of birth, intraoperative finding, comorbid condition, and post-surgery complication were obtained from the medical record. The relationship between variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation test and linear regression test.A total 114 subjects were involved in this study with the most common age was in the range 60-69 years (43.0%). Seventy-fivesubjects (74.3%) had trans urethra resection of prostate (TURP). Trabecula (28.7%), diverticula (4.0%), and bladder stone (10.9%) were found when the surgical intervention performed. The most common post-surgical complication was chip or clot retention (56.4%). Significantly relationship betweenintraoperative finding with post-surgical complication was observed (r= 0.265; R2 = 0.07; p<0.05). In conclusion, there is correlation between bladder wall alteration and post-surgicalcomplication in BPH patients. Early bladder wall alteration screening is suggested in BPH patients before surgical intervention performed.

Association between monocyte-high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and severity level of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) . Faizin; Bambang Irawan; Hariadi Hariawan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

The incidence of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) has increased worldwide in the last decade. Its severity has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is believed as the main cause of LEAD. Monocytes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the hallmarks of atherosclerosis. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a role in suppressing the activation of monocytes. The monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) has been reported as a marker of coronary artery disease complexity. However, this marker has not been investigated to assessthe LEAD severity. The study aimed to investigate the association between MHR and LEAD severity. This was an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design. Patients were selected from the Vascular Disease Registry in Dr.Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from January 2016 – January 2019. The blood sample was drawn at one day prior, on the day, or one day after duplex ultrasound performed. The duplex ultrasound was then interpreted based on the duplex ultrasound score. Patients were classified into two groups according to the score i.e. severe (score ≥ 8) and nonsevere (score< 8). Where as, the MHR was classified into two groups according to the cut-off point i.e. high (≥ 14.51) and low (< 14.51). The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and pvalue <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 50 patients were involved in this study. There were 21 (42%) patients in the severe group and 29 (58%) in the nonsevere group. The proportion of the high MHR group and the low MHR group with severe levels of LEAD were 12 (57.1%) and 9 (42.9%), respectively. However, it was not statistically significant [p = 0.145; CI95% PR 1.57 (0.81 – 3.03)]. In conclusion, there is no association between MHR and LEAD severity.

Potential employment of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a beneficial intervention in children with amblyopia: a brief overview Indra Tri Mahayana; Dhimas Hari Sakti; Natalia Christina Angsana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Amblyopia is an early functional imbalance between each eye and the brain that may result in visual cortex inhibition. Current conservative treatments involve altering the input from the ‘good eye’, for example, using patching or biochemical penalization. Direct brain stimulation to the amblyopic cortex might improve the condition. This paper aimed to systematically review the published scientific literature regarding the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a potential method for treatment in the amblyopic visual cortex. This study was a systematic review of the published scientific literature related to theTMS for the treatment of amblyopia that was performed using “TMS, amblyopia” as keywords. However, only three research papers were found and included in the literature review. A study showed that repetitive TMS of the visual cortex can temporarily improve contrast sensitivity in the amblyopic visual cortex. Another study used continuous thetaburst stimulation (cTBS) delivered to the visual cortex while patients viewed a high contrast stimulus with their non-amblyopic eye. It was found that daily theta burst TMS stimulation improved amblyopic eye contrast sensitivity in five adult volunteers. The TMS also increased median visual acuity in the patient with amblyopia after stimulation with no significant changes in the placebo group.Protocol employing repetitive administration of TMS might result in beneficial effects in amblyopia treatment. TMS works in brain dynamics and experience-dependent plasticity, all of which could be important in investigating and treating amblyopia.

Persistent lymphopenia in septic patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta Doni Priambodo; Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie; Yanri Wijayanti Subronto; Juvita Kurniawan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Sepsis triggers immune responseboth pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Lymphocytes play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. The decrease in lymphocyte numbers due to continuous apoptosis by sepsiscan suppress the immune system and failure to resolve inflammation. Persistent lymphopenia is also associated with a poor prognosis of sepsis. Currently, there are limited studies about persistent lymphopenia in sepsis patients in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory patterns of sepsis patients with persistent lymphopenia. This was a descriptive study that analyzed patients’ medical records who were treated at the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from January 1st, 2016, to December 31th, 2017. Patients diagnosed with clinical sepsis and persistent lymphopenia were included in the study. The status of persistent lymphopenia was described as lymphocyte counts that remained low or lower (<1.62x103/L) on day 4± 24 h compared to the initial value at the time of sepsis diagnosis (day one). Information of patients’ individual and clinical characteristics, complete blood cell count profiles and culture results were included. The outcomes of interest were the survival status and length of stay of the patients. A total of 101 patients with sepsis and persistent lymphopenia were involved in this study. The average increase in lymphocyte numbers was 73.63 ± 426.86/µL. The main source of infection was pulmonary infection, with a mortality rate of 43.6% and a median survival of 19 days. The average length of stay was 13.1±6.8. Persistent lymphopenia in patients with sepsis has a high mortality. Further research is needed to determine the clinical ramifications of persistent lymphopenia.

Effect of tagitinin C isolated from kembang bulan [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray] leaves on VEGF and TNF-α expressions ofkeloid fibroblast Arif Yusuf Wicaksana; Dwi Aris Nugrahaningsih; Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Tagitinin C, an active constituent of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray, has been proven can inhibit the collagen deposition of keloid fibroblasts in vitro. However, its mechanism of action has not been widely studied. One possible mechanism involves growth factors and cytokines. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) play an important role in the collagen deposition. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of tagitinin C on VEGF and TNF-α expression in keloid fibroblasts culture. An experimental laboratory study using fibroblast cell lines at passages III and IV was performed. Treatments were divided into two groups i.e. the treatment groups after incubation with tagitinin C at various concentration of 1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125μg/ mL for 72 h, and the control group using culture media without tagitinin C. Following after incubation, the VEGF and TNF-α levels of keloid fibroblast culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Kruskal-Wallis test continued using Mann-Whitney test or one way Anova continued by independent t test were applied to evaluate the differences between groups. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The VEGF levels significantly decreases in concentration-dependent manner after treatment of the tagitinin C at various concentrations (p<0.05). However, no significantly difference in TNF-α levels was observed (p> 0.05). In conclusion, tagitinin C decreases the VEGF expression of keloid fibroblasts. However, it has no effect on the TNF-α expression.

Reducing post-radical cystectomy complications with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol: is it time to change? Ahmad Zulfan Hendri; Muhammad Mauny Puteh; Said Alfin Khalilullah; Andy Zulfiqqar
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Radical cystectomy (RC) remains associated with a greater number of postsurgical complications than any urological procedure. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multimodal perioperative care pathway designed to achieve early postsurgical recovery. We evaluated the perioperative outcome of post-RC patients, comparing the effectiveness of ERAS to conventional recovery protocols. We identified 37 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer from 2016 to 2018. The characteristics, complication rate and clinical outcomes were evaluated in these groups of patients. In this study, the mortality was 8.1%, and the complications were 37.8%. The most frequent complications were anastomotic leakage (16.2%), wound dehiscence (13.5%), infections/sepsis (8.1%), and paralytic ileus (8.1%). The ERAS protocol significantly reduced operative time (p=0.001; OR=216; CI95%: 12.0-3855.2) and reduced overall complications (p=0.04; OR= 0.14 CI95%: 0.016-1.132). Extensive complications and mortality develop following the RC procedure. Meanwhile, refinement in perioperative care has been reducing the rate of serious complications. The ERAS protocol distinctly reduces the post-RC complication rate.

Ethanolic extract of Dutch eggplants (Solanum betaceum) protects spermatozoa motility exposed to lead acetate Rima Wirenviona; Reny I'tishom; Siti Khaerunnisa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Lead is a toxic material that can have negative effects on reproductive organs. Lead exposure reduces the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and increases the number of oxidants in the body. High free radicals will affect spermatogenesis and result in decreased motile spermatozoa. Antioxidants are known to protect the motility of spermatozoa, and adequate antioxidants can be found in Dutch eggplants (Solanumbetaceum). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of S. betaceum on spermatozoa motility after exposure to lead acetate. This study is a true experimental design with a randomized post-test-only control group design. Forty male Balb/C mice 12 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups: two control groups (C0, C1) and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3).The C0 received distilled water, and the C1 received 75 mg/kg BW lead acetate. The T1, T2 and T3 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of S. betaceum, respectively, an hour before exposed lead acetate. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significant level of p <0.05. A significantly increasein the mean total motility of spermatozoa in T1, T2, and T3 was reported.This study indicates that S. betaceum have a protective effect on spermatozoa motility when exposed to lead acetate.

Comparison of high-intensity and low-level laser therapy effecton combined sensory index, sensory conduction velocity and distal motoric latency: a study in moderate carpal tunnel syndrome patients Nelson Sudiyono; Rudy Handoyo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy compression syndrome. The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as one of the conservative therapy for CTS is still debatable. High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is developed with higher energy and deeper tissue penetration than LLLT. This study aimed to compare the effect of HILT and LLLT on sensory and motoric electrophysiologic parameters in moderate CTS patients. This was an experimental randomized pre and post-test group study. Sixteen patients (fifteen females and one male) with moderate CTS were randomly assigned into two groups. The HILT group was given HILT with analgesic dosage 10 J/cm2 and biostimulation dosage 120 J/cm2. The LLLT group was given LLLT with dosage 6 J/cm2. All treatments were given for ten sessions in 2 weeks. Combined sensory index (CSI), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), and distal motoric latency (DML) were recorded before and three days after the last treatment. The mean decrease of CSI was more significant in HILT group (-0.37±0.37 ms; p=0.03). There were no significant differences in the mean increase of SNCV (HILT = 3.16±3.15 m/s, LLLT= 2.74±1.42 m/s; p=0.73) and mean decrease in DML between two groups (HILT = - 0.20 ± 0.18 ms , LLLT = - 0.14 ± 0.21 ms; p=0.52). In conclusion, the HILT is more effective than LLLT in improving the CSI values in moderate CTS patients.

The correlation of HbA1c levels on the healing process of postoperative fractures in diabetes mellitus patients Elanda Putri Madyaningtias; Arman Bausat; Jufri Latief; Nasser Mustari; Joko Hendarto; Prihantono Prihantono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Fracture is defined by the loss of bone or cartilage continuity, either total or partial. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. HbA1c could be used as a diagnostic tool and determines the glycaemic control of DM patients. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum HbA1c levels and the healing process of postoperative fractures in DM patients. This was an observational study with a retrospective cohort design. The study population was DM patients who were admitted to the Department of Emergency, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar due to long bone fracture within the period of September 2019-February 2020. The bone fractures healing was evaluated based on the radiographic union scale in tibial fractures (RUST) scores. The results are analysed using the Chi-square test. A total of 70DM patients who underwent fracture reduction surgery were involved in this study. Out of 35 patients with controlled DM (HbA1c <7%), we obtained 24 (68.6%) patients and 11 (31.4%) patients with good and delayed union, respectively. The other 35 patients had uncontrolled DM (HbA1c >7%), and there were 13 (37.1%) patients and 22 (62.9%) patients with good and delayed union, respectively. The Chi-square test showed a significant relationship (p= 0.008). It can be concluded that the increase in HbA1c levels was related to the obstacles in bone fractures healing. Moreover, an infection contributes to the healing status of bone fractures.

Insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of the pathophysiology and the potential targets for drug actions Taoreed Adegoke Azeez; Morenike Osundina
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Insulin resistance refers to the reduced physiological effects of insulin on various tissues. Insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a spectrum of diseases ranging from hepatic steatosis on one end to steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma on the other end. In most parts of the developed world, it is now the most commoncause of chronic liver disease and the most commonindication for liver transplantation. A similar findingis emerging in the developing world due to the rising prevalence of obesity and widespread adoption of Western lifestyles. Despite these epidemiological data, there are no universally approved medications for the treatment of NAFLD. The pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD essentially include adipose tissue insulin resistance, hepatic insulin resistance, inflammation and fibrosis. At the subcellular level, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative changes and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction have been documented. Several drugs have been tested in vitro and in animal studies to target these pathophysiological mechanisms. Some are presently going through clinical trials, while others have already gone through clinical trials with variable results. Other potential target sites of drug development for the treatment of NAFLD are based on the complex pathophysiology of the disease. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of NAFLD. There are potential targets in the pathophysiology of NAFLD that can be explored in the development of medications for the disease.

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Home Page

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Contact Name Nurhadiyahya

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Contact Name
Nurhadiyahya

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nurhadiyahya@ugm.ac.id

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+6289672800034

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Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA