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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 1 (2016)" : 8 Documents clear

WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC PLANNING (WASTE MANAGEMENT IN JAYAPURA CITY) Lazarus B. Ramandey
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Abstract: This study deals with urban waste management in general by considering key issues in waste management in Indonesia and various problem solving alternatives dealing with waste problem referring to waste management in developed countries (Curitiba). In addition, problems faced will be discussed with the systems approach including: institutional sub-system (sub-system of institutions), operational technique sub-system (sub-systems engineering), financial sub-system, legal and regulatory sub-system (law sub-system) as well as public and private role sub-system. Population growth that is accompanied by high urbanization has resulted in increasingly high volume of waste that must be managed every day. It is increasingly difficult for management and waste management are less than optimal. Similarly, the active role and public awareness as well as the financing are still very low. The system approach can assist in solving the complexity of the problem of waste management by looking at the issues comprehensively. Keywords: urban waste management, population growth, public awareness

Characterization of mannanase-producing bacteria from sago hump Sri Wahyuni; Andi Khaeruni R; Lianto Lianto; Sidarmin Sidarmin; Holilah Holilah; Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo; Asranudin Asranudin
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Sago is a hardwood that can be used as source of fiber hemicellulose mannan. The abundance of mannanase waste is potential for the production of functional foods such as Manno oligosaccharides. Sago hump which is sago processing waste is very potential for growth of microorganisms because it contains lignin, cellulose, starch, minerals and vitamins that can be used as sources of carbon and energy for the growth. In this study, BLS.11-01 and BLS.11-02 isolates have been isolated and characterized from waste of sago hump. Locust bean gum was used as substrate for measuring the activity of mannanase. Both isolates had optimum temperatures at 70°C and 60°C while they remain stable at temperature range of 30°C - 90°C. Mannanase from BLS.11-01 and BLS.11-02 had optimum pH at 6 and 7, respectively, and were also stable in wide pH range of 2-8. Co2+ was a mannanase activator for both isolates. Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ were mannanase inhibitors for two isolates. Tween 20 (0.5% and 1.0%) and NaCl (0.5% and 1.0%) were chemical reagents that could enhance the activity of BLS.11-01 and BLS.11-02 mannanase isolates. While tween 80 (0.5% and 1.0%), urea (0.5% and 1.0%) and SDS (0.5% and 1.0%) were chemical reagents that were not effective for both isolates mannanase activity

Evaluation Of Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant Operating Anaerobic Baffled Reactor And Biofilter Evy Hendriarianti; Nieke Karnaningroem
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Construction of communal Waste Water Treatment Plant, WWTP in city of Malang since 1998 but until recently had never done an evaluation the performance. Communal WWTP performance evaluation is needed to see how far the efficiency of processing result. Until now, Environmental Agency Malang City only measure effluent from WWTP Communal to know the suitability with domestic wastewater quality standards. Effluent quality data in 2014 showed value above the quality standard of domestic wastewater from East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 in 2013 for parameters BOD and COD. WWTP Communal USRI research objects are on a six (6) locations by involving the user community during the planning, construction, operation and maintenance. Technology choice of ABR followed by a biofilter reactor with the stone media proved capable of processing organic matter of BOD and COD with the removal levels respectively by 78% -99% and 71% -99%. As for the parameters of TSS, NO3 and PO4 have the ranges of removal respectively by 56% -100%, (43%) - 72%, (2%) - 13%. Ratio BOD and COD in influent are low and ranged from 0.22 to 0.41. From the evaluation shows that high organic matter concentrations in influent along with the HRT and operation time high will result in a higher removal level

Bioacoustic Spectral Whistle Sound And Behaviour Of Male Dolphin Bottle Nose ( Tursiops aduncus) At Safari Park Indonesia, Cisarua Bogor Muhamad Zainuddin Lubis; Sri Pujiyati; Totok Hestirianoto
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Whistle sound is generally used for echolocation purposes, while the sound of the blast-beat and whistles play a major role in internal and inter-group communication.The purpose of this research is to know the power spectral patterns and fluctuations in sound based on frequency and Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the sounds produced by dolphins and observing the position of dolphins , Noisy Time Domain (NTD) and behavior using underwater camera, and also comparing between time and sound spectrum. Data recording was taken at tha Safari Park of Cisarua Bogor in Indonesia, by taking data in show pool and show pool. The results showed that salinity before feeding time in the show pool with replication 1,2, and 3 has salinity value that is equal to 30 ‰. Data at the show pool before feeding with replications 1,2, and 3 has a salinity of 29 ‰. Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the whistle sound before feeding was different from one another, but it has the same frequency range. The highest intensity values is at sound whistle 3 before feeding time at the show pool with an intensity value of 28.03 dB with frequency interval of 14 642 Hz-16000 Hz. F-test at the show pool before meals has heterogeneous value. Treat before meals at the show pool has a value of P <0.001 and P <0.001. Value Noisy Time Domain have differences with each other and have a lot of different sound patterns. In general, there are real differences are evidenced by F test on a range of time at each whistle on physiotherapy and swimming pool show in the time before meals. The position of dolphins in a pool show more dominant and often in the bottom of the pool, the position of the dolphins affect the frequency.

Copper Accumulation on Avicennia marina In Tapak, Tugurejo, Semarang, Indonesia Nana Kariada Tri Martuti; Budi Widianarko; Bambang Yulianto
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Mangroves are good hyperaccumulators, they are not only able to grow on highly poisonous land, but also accumulate the poisonous substances in the branches and leaves. The aim of the research was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of Cu on Avicennia marina in Tapak Semarang. Tapak Semarang is selected as the research site because the mangrove ecosystem is surrounded by milkfish ponds. The research used ecological approach. Bioaccumulation data and heavy metal translocation in plants, sediment and water were analyzed using pre-determined formulation. Results showed that Cu was found in water (0.0069 mg/l), sediment (26.760-37.889 mg/Kg), roots (2.336-7.997 mg/Kg), young leaves (2.367-6.604 mg/Kg) and old leaves (1.080-6.748 mg/Kg) of Avicennia marina. Sediment have the highest ability to accumulate Cu ( ) compared to water with concentration factors of ranging from 3878.26 to 5491.16. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of roots and sediment was ranging from 0.09 to 0.211, and the Translocation Factors (TF) for young leaves was ranging from 0.83 to 1.54 and for old leaves was ranging from 0.46 to 0.94. It was found that the concentration of Cu in the pond tended to increase towards the sea. It was concluded that there was an accumulation of Cu in the sediment, roots and leaves of Avicennia marina in Tapak, Tugurejo Semarang. The sediment have the highest ability to accumulate Cu from the environment.

COUPLING OF MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR AND OZONATION FOR REMOVAL OF ANTIBIOTICS FROM HOSPITAL WASTEWATER Bui Xuan Thanh; Quyen Vo Thi Kim; Phuc Luu Vinh; Tin Nguyen Thanh; Hien Vo Thi Dieu; Thanh Cao Ngoc Dan; Quoc Tuc Dinh
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Antibiotic residues in the environment and their potential toxic effects have been considered as one of the emerging research area in the environmental field. Their continuous introduction in our environment may increase their negative impacts on human health. In this study, the eliminations of antibiotic such as Norfloxacin (NOR), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Ofloxacin (OFL) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in wastewater of hospital were processed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with ozonation process. In particular, the MBR was applied for the antibiotic removals followed by ozonation process as a post-treatment stage to create an adequate integration to enhance removal efficiency. Achieved results after MBR treatment showed that the removal efficiency of NOR, CIP, OFL and SMZ were 90 ± 4.0% , 83 ± 13% , 81 ± 13 % and 39 ± 6%, respectivley. In addition, those antibiotic matters were continously removed by ozonation process with the removal efficiency of 87±9.0% , 83±1.0% , 81±2.3% and 66±2.3% for NOR, CIP, OFL and SMZ, respectively. In summary, antibiotics could be basically limited by the combination of MBR and ozonation before discharging in aquatic environment.

Review – Biogas Technology to Treat Bioethanol Vinasse Iqbal Syaichurrozi
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Bioethanol industries generate by-product that is called vinasse. Vinasse is generated from button product of distillation unit. It has high COD, high TS, high temperature, very low pH and some variety compounds. Because of these contents, vinasse can be discharged directly into the water bodies such as the rivers. Vinasse causes negative impact to environment. Therefore, treatment of vinasse must be done. Vinasse treatment methods that had investigated by some authors are aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment is more interesting than aerobic treatment, because it can treat wastewaters that contain high COD and it can produce biogas that can be used as alternative fuels.

CHARACTERISATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCED USING DOMESTIC WASTE ASH AS CATALYST IN THE TRANSESTERIFICATION STAGE Kelechi Uche; Ngwu Nwachukwu; Chinwe Alisi; C Ibegbulem
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Domestic wastes ash of unripe plantain peels, palm fruit husks and kola nut pods were used in place of inorganic potassium and sodium in biodiesel production. Analysis of fuel parameters such as Density, Viscosity, Cloud, Pour and Flash points were carried out on the produced biodiesel using the American Standard for Testing Materials ASTM D6751. Quantitative analysis with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was done to determine the presence of metals on the 3 ash samples. The result of fuel parameters of Density (mm2/s), Viscosity (mm2/s), Cloud (˚C), Pour (˚C) and Flash (˚C) points gave 0.890±0.007, 5.046±0, 9.0±0.28, 6.5±0.35, 168±1.41 respectively for unripe plantain sample; 0.890±0.01, 5.196±0.00, 9.0±0.56, 6.0±0.14, 168±8.48 for palm fruit husk; 0.895±0.01, 5.912±0.00, 10.25±0.14, 8.0±0.70, 172±2.82 for kola nut pods and 0.886±0.00, 4.813±0.01, 6±0.28, 3±0.00, 165±2.12 for the control sample. Quantitative analysis of the ash samples for metals showed the presence of these metals in the following order K > Na > Pb, Na > K >Pb, K > Na >Pb respectively. The samples studied were found to be rich sources of alkali which can be utilized as alternative to conventional alkali in industries.

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