Althea Medical Journal
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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<![CDATA[Treatment Failure of Ampicillin to Children with Pneumonia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2014–2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Kania Devi Suharno]]>;
<![CDATA[Ike Rostikawati Husen]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Sudarwati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Pneumonia is one of the causes of death in infants in developing countries especially Indonesia. Appropriate treatment is needed to decrease mortality rate in children due to pneumonia. Ampicillin is one of first choices empirical antibiotic to children with severe pneumonia. The study was aimed to determine the failure rate of ampicillin in children with severe pneumonia.Methods: This study was a descriptive study which used medical records as source of data. Subjects were children aged 2–59 months with World Health Organization (WHO) defined with severe pneumonia and treated with intravenous ampicillin during January 2014 to July 2015 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Samples were obtained using total sampling method while variables were analyzed using statistics software.Results: This study acquired 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria with 23.36% of them aged 2–11 months and 62.21% aged 12–23 months. Majority of subjects were male amounted as 63.55% while female occupied 36.45%. Treatment failure on the third day was 45.8% while 16.7% on the sixth day of therapy with majority failure due to existence of lower chest indrawing.Conclusions: Treatment failure on the third and sixth day of therapy still high that is characterized by the existence of lower chest indrawing as its main factor. [AMJ.2017;4(1):100–6]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1029]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of Running Exercise Duration on Leg Muscle Strength among the people Joining Indorunners Bandung Community ]]>
<![CDATA[Agaprita Eunike Sirait]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuni S. Pratiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ginna Megawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Indorunners Bandung is a community for runners that has a routine exercise schedule for running around the city of Bandung. Exercise, like running, if is conducted in an accurate duration may improve physical fitness. One of the aspects of physical fitness is leg muscles strength. Many people fail to fathom the importance of exercise duration, so, they fail to get the benefit. The aim of this study was to discover the impact of running exercise duration on leg muscles strength among the people joining Indorunners Bandung community.Methods: A comparative study was conducted to 41 people, 31 males and 10 females, of Indorunners Bandung community from September to November 2015. Each participant filled a questionnaire about his/her personal data, and then was grouped by his/her duration of exercise per week, which were 150 minutes/week, 150–299 minutes/week, and 300 minutes/week or more. The respondents were measured for their leg muscles strength. The data collected were analyzed using ANOVA test.Results: There was significant difference of lower extremities muscle strength both in men (p<0.001) and women (p=0.029). These results showed that there was a difference in leg muscles strength among the people joining Indorunners Bandung community with different exercise duration per week.Conclusions: There is a difference in leg muscles strength among the people joining Indorunners Bandung community with different exercise duration per week. [AMJ.2017;4(1):69–72]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.672 ]]>
<![CDATA[Peer Pressure and Smoking Behavior in Elementary School Students ]]>
<![CDATA[Sinthura Vimalan Subramaniam]]>;
<![CDATA[Arifah Nur Istiqomah]]>;
<![CDATA[Eddy Fadlyana]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background:Adolescence is an important period in which many individuals are vulnerable to onset and progression of smoking. Peers are strongly associated with adolescent smoking initiation. This study is conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between peer pressure and smoking behavior in male elementary school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2014. Respondents were male students from grade four and five from state elementary schools (SDN) in Jatinangor district who voluntarily followed the research procedure. The sampling method used in this study was two-stage cluster sampling. A validated questionnaire was provided after getting informed consent from the respondents. The data analysis was performed using chi-square test.Results: As much as 110 male subjects were included in the study. Data showed that 57 students (51.8%) which were more than half of the number of students ever smoked and 53 students never smoked. Out of 110 students, 69 students (62.7 %) experienced peer pressure and 41 students (37.3%) never experienced peer pressure. The result of chi-square test from the study showed that the p-value is 0.000.Conclusions: There is a relationship between peer pressure and smoking behavior in male elementary school students in Jatinangor district. [AMJ.2017;4(1):1–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1012]]>
<![CDATA[Relationship between Drugs Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Senior High School Students ]]>
<![CDATA[Yola Yuniaarti Herijanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Lucky Saputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Meita Dhamayanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Drugs use and risky sexual behavior among teenager are some of crucial problems arising in Indonesia. Statistic showed that there is an increasing prevalence in drugs use and risky sexual behavior among teenagers. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between drugs use and risky sexual behaviors among high school students. Methods: An analytic study involving 432 students in 5 state high schools located in Kerees region Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, was carried out in 2013. The region was chosen due the high prevalence of substance abuse. The inclusion criteria were every high school students in the Karees region. The exclusion criteria were the students who refused to participate in the study, did not come when the sample was taken, and did not fill the questionnaire completely. The instruments used for the study were questionnaires with cross-sectional technique. Furthermore, the questionnaire used for analyzing drugs use was Addiction Severity Index-Lite Version (ASI-lite) questionnaire; with additional questionnaire to analyze risky sexual behaviors.Results: Out of 432 students, 23.8% students already engaged to one or more risky sexual behavior. Among all respondents, the prevalence of students who had already done kissing was 22.7%, necking 9.3%, petting 7.2% and sexual intercourse 1.2%. Illegal drugs had been used at least once by 21.8% students. According to Chi-square test, drugs use and risky sexual behavior were related.Conclusions:The prevalence of both drugs use and risky sexual behaviors are high and students who use drugs are more prone to do risky sexual behavior. [AMJ.2017;4(1):125–8] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1032]]>
<![CDATA[Relationship between Socioeconomic Demographic Characteristics with Antibiotic Self-Medication in Community Dwelling Adults ]]>
<![CDATA[Michael Aditya]]>;
<![CDATA[Istriati Istriati]]>;
<![CDATA[Aih Cahyani]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Infectious diseases escalation in developing countries especially in Indonesia lead to increasing use of antibiotics in the community. Self-medication with antibiotics may increase the risk of resistant bacteria and irrational use of antibiotics. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between socioeconomic -demographic characteristics with antibiotic self-medication. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on people from Sayang Village in West Java Indonesia aged over 18 years and had experience in using antibiotics. A total of 146 respondents were selected as the sample of this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic demographic characteristics with antibiotic self-medication.Results: Out of 146 questionnaires that were completed, 111 were female and 35 male respondents, 75 respondents had experience in using antibiotics without prescription. The survey showed significant relation between antibiotics use with monthly income (p=0,031) and source of income (p=0,009).Conclusions: The study confirms that there is relation between monthly income and source of income with antibiotic self-medication. [AMJ.2017;4(1):73–7]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1023]]>
<![CDATA[Histopathologic Distribution of Appendicitis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, in 2012 ]]>
<![CDATA[Tara Zhafira]]>;
<![CDATA[Herry Yulianti]]>;
<![CDATA[Maman Wastaman]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Appendicitis is a medical emergency and a common cause of emergency surgeries worldwide. Its frequency is varied based on many factors, including age and sex. Histopathologic examination is a gold standard for diagnosis, and complications like gangrene formation and perforation lead to high mortality and morbidity in almost all age groups. This study was conducted to describe the distribution pattern of appendicitis according to age, sex, and histopathologic type. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from August–October 2013. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of January 1st to December 31st, 2012. A total of 503 out of 516 cases were included to be reviewed. Age, sex, and histopathologic type from medical records were then evaluated. Any specific case and perforation were also noted.Results: Data showed the highest prevalence of appendicitis occurred in the 10- 19 age group (28.4%) and in the female group (52.3%). Acute appendicitis was more common than chronic appendicitis in both sexes and all age groups. Perforation rate was high (41.4%), and was more prevalent in male (54.9%) and in the 0–9 age group (65.7%).Conclusions: Appendicitis, both acute and chronic, is more distributed in the second decade, and is slightly more prevalent in females. Acute cases are more common than chronic. Perforation rate is significant and peaks in the first decade and in males. [AMJ.2017;4(1):36–41]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1017]]>
<![CDATA[Diagnostic Value of Narrow Band Imaging in Diagnosing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ]]>
<![CDATA[Debbi Yuniserani]]>;
<![CDATA[Bethy S. Hernowo]]>;
<![CDATA[Agung Dinasti Permana]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Carcinoma is the most common tumor in nasopharynx. Endoscopy is used to determine the presence of lesions suspected of malignancy. Narrow Band Imaging is an endoscopic technique that uses narrow–band spectrum as a filter to determine any mucosal vascular changes in carcinoma. Narrow Band Imaging can early detect superficial mucosal lesions that are difficult to detect with conventional endoscopy, so that diagnosing is more accurate and occurrence of unnecessary biopsies can be reduced. This study aimed to determine diagnostic value of Narrow Band Imaging in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: This diagnostic test study was conducted at Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung from September to October 2014. Twenty four patients with clinical signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma that fulfilled the study criteria were assigned using consecutive sampling to examine with Narrow Band Imaging and histopathology examination. The data were then analyzed with 2x2 table to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.Results: In this study, the results of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma using Narrow Band Imaging were 93.75%, 62.5%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Sensitivity of Narrow Band Imaging is 93.75%. [AMJ.2017;4(1):133–7] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1034]]>
<![CDATA[Perception of Mothers on Adequate Nutrition ]]>
<![CDATA[Darshini Valoo]]>;
<![CDATA[Aly Diana]]>;
<![CDATA[Sharon Gondodiputro]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Malnutrition in children less than 5 years old persists around the world. In West Java and one of the districts of West Java (Sumedang), the prevalence of malnutrition is about 18.5% and 15.8% respectively. Numerous factors can lead to child malnutrition. Difficulties in availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of food can be contributing factors. A good perception of mother on adequate nutrition can improve children’s nutritional status. This study was conducted to study the perception of mothers with children 2 to 5 years old on adequate nutrition. Methods: Most of the respondents had good perception on the aspect of adequate nutrition. Results showed perception on availability was 83.8%, physical accessibility was 97.1%, economical accessibility was 98.6%, information accessibility was 84.8% and acceptability was 81.0%. However, perception of respondents on good quality nutrition for the main meal and additional food was still poor. Moreover, there are taboos for eating shrimp and watermelon. Additionally, children were given snacks in large amount.Results: There was a strong correlation between mid-upper arm muscle area/size and muscular strength (correlation cooefficient 0.746). Moreover, the higher the Body Mass Index, the stronger the muscle strength was to some point. If the BMI was more than 25 kg/m2, this findings did not occurred. Conclusions: This study reveals that the perception of mothers on good quality food is poor regardless the good results on availibility, accesibility and acceptability. [AMJ.2017;4(1):87–93] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1027]]>
<![CDATA[Impact of Comorbidity on Length of Stay of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Mala Il A'la]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Utomo Suardi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi Kartika Turbawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[ Background: The incidence of pneumonia in children under-five in West Java is high. The average length of stay (LOS) often exceeds the standards set by the Indonesia-Disease Related Group (INA-DRG) because of the comorbidities. It can cause financial loss for the hospital. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of comorbidity on LOS.Methods: Data was collected from medical records of 296 hospitalized pneumonia under-five children in the Department of Child Health Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in the period from January–December 2012 that consisted of patient’s identity, LOS, primary diagnosis, and comorbid diagnosis. Data was selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria and statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Spearman correlation test.Results: Out of 218 subjects, those who had major comorbidities and minor comorbidities was 79 (36.2%) and 39 (17.9%), respectively. The average LOS of those who had major and minor comorbidities was 8.33±8.252 days and 5.95±3.554 days, respectively. Congenital heart disease had the highest and most significant Risk Ratio (RR) with average LOS was 8.00±4.889 days with RR: 1.895 (95% CI:1.339–2.682, p=0.001).Conclusions: Subjects have higher average LOS than the LOS set by the INA-DRG. Congenital heart disease is the most common comorbidity and has the highest and the most significant risk ratio. [AMJ.2017;4(1):42–6]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1019]]>
<![CDATA[Motoric Clinical Symptoms in Late Onset Parkinson’s Disease at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung ]]>
<![CDATA[Jasvinee Sivakurunathan]]>;
<![CDATA[Thamrin Syamsudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryono Tansah]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological that disorder is characterized by a number of motoric symptoms which are resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural disturbance. The main aim in carrying out this study was to observe the motoric clinical pattern in patients with late onset Parkinson’s disease based on age, gender, and staging of the disease.Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study to 89 medical record of patients with late onset Parkinson’s disease from Neurology outpatient clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in the period January 2010 to January 2013. Total sampling was used to determine the population sample size The motoric clinical symptoms in patients with late onset Parkinson’s disease were classified based on age at diagnosis, gender, and staging of the disease conducted using descriptive retrospective method. Besides, staging was made based on Hoehn and Yarl scale.Results: Overall, 92% of the patients with late onset Parkinson’s disease had resting tremor, and postural instability was less frequently found in 21% of patients. Sixty one men suffered from this disease, 43% were from the age group 60–69, and 32% were in stage III.Conclusions: A majority of patients with the late onset Parkinson’s disease show resting tremor that has the common motoric clinical pattern, followed by bradykinesia, rigidity, and some show postural instability. [AMJ.2017;4(1):11–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1013]]>
