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CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia

CHEMICA
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Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

ISSN : 2355875X EISSN : 23558776 DOI : 10.26555

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.

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Articles 189 Documents

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Pengolahan Limbah Minyak Pelumas dengan Menggunakan Metode Elektrokoagulasi Nimah, Lailan; Fyanidah, Fauzan; Maulana, Muhammad Danan
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Most of users of lubricants are motor vehicles plus lubricating oil used for factory machinery. The amount of lubricating oil used will produce waste. Waste generated by the lubricant is included in the B3 waste which needs special handling. In this study used electrocoagulation because this method is easy and not too dangerous because there is no addition of chemicals. The objective of this study was to study electrocoagulation method using aluminum and steinless steel electrodes and the effect of time to decrease of Fe metal content. This electrocoagulation treats lubricating oil waste electrically so that the ions present in the waste are absorbed by the binding coagulant that is released electrode so that there will be bonds between metal ions with coagulant. The first reactor penetration procedure is filled with a lubricating oil waste containing Fe up to 1000mL. The anode (aluminum) is connected to the positive pole, whereas the cathode (stainless steel) is connected to the negative pole of the current rectifier (adapter). Voltage variations used are 12 volts, 18 volts and 24 volts and 5A current strength with stirring duration of each variation for 2 hours, 2.5 hours and 3 hours. Electrocoagulation result with 24 volt voltage with time of 3 hours for big plate is 26,44 is decrease of Fe content of biggest metal.

Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw for Biogas Production : A Review Shitophyta, Lukhi Mulia
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

AbstractBiogas is one of the alternative fuel Â to decrease the consumption of fossil fuel. Raw materials for biogas production can derive from a wide range of organic wastes including lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw. Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant and renewable. Biogas production can be processed by solid-state anaerobic digestion. Many factors should be considered on SS-AD, including pretreatment ofÂ raw material. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide existing knowledge in SS-AD, factors influencing SS-AD, pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and identify the preceding researches on the SS-AD.Key words: biogas, solid-state anerobic digestion, lignocellulose, rice straw

Pengaruh Panjang Kolom Distilasi Bahan Isian Terhadap Hasil Produk Cair Sampah Plastik Azizah, Isti Nur; Sari, Ninda Puspita; Maryudi, Maryudi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Plastic waste is a problem that has to be taken seriously for the pollution of the environment, especially for land contamination. For now, the handling of plastic waste normally disposed (landfills), burned or recycled (recycle). At burning of plastic waste is usually carried out by pyrolysis method to produce plastic oil. To get the maximum results needed further analysis in the form of purification by distillation, where the distillation is a method that can be used for advanced analysis, one with a distillation column. Fractional distillation is often called the distillation column is to separate liquid components, two or more, of a solution based on differences in their boiling points. This distillation can also be used to mix with boiling point less than 20Â°C and work at atmospheric pressure or low pressure. Application of this type is used in the distillation of crude oil industry, to separate the components in the crude oil distillation Differences simple fractionation and distillation is the fractionation column. In this column warming occurs gradually with different temperatures on each license plate. Different heating is intended for refining distillates from the plates underneath. Getting to the top, the less volatile liquid. The distillation process depends on the characteristics of the vapor pressure of a liquid mixture of components.The distillate was obtained at temperature of 195oC, 200oC, 220oC, 235oC and 240oC and the most products component of pyrolysis plastic in previous research was obtain at 195oC, 200oC and 220oC

Aplikasi Filler Batang Sorgum pada Sintesis Bioplastik dengan Plasticizer Asam Palmitat Darni, Yuli; Synthauli E, Dita; Sinambela, Erna Sartika; Utami, Herti
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Plastics are used for human use, creating side effects on the environment. The low level of degradation in the plastic makes the environment must accommodate so much plastic waste that causes pollution so that innovation is needed in the manufacture of plastics that can decompose in nature. This study discusses the use of sorghum stalk as a filler in the manufacture of bioplastic. Sorghum starch and chitosan as a bioplastic raw material with a palmitic acid and PEG-400 as a plasticizer. The purpose of this study was determined the effect of sorghum stalk as a filler (packing material) into mechanical properties of bioplastic. Bioplastic produced is expected to resemble a commercial LDPE plastic. Starch-chitosan formulations used in this study was 63 : 35 (w/w), the size of the starch and chitosan was 63 micron sieve, stirring time about 35 minutes and stirring velocity about 375 rpm this research was also conducted various concentration of plasticizer (10,15, 23, 27, 33, 35 wt%). Some analysis of the mechanical test (tensile strength, percent elongation, and modulus young), water resistance, density and FTIR has determined the characteristics of bioplastic. The best result in this research is bioplastic with 1 gr filler formulation at 10% plasticizer concentration with modulus young value characteristic aboutÂ 126,145 MPa, the tensile strength of 7,028 MPa, extension percent about 5,517 %, density about 0,9 gr/mL, the water absorption of 38,88%. The bioplastic characteristic already meet the LDPE plastic standard.

Pupuk Organik dari Limbah Pabrik Gula Madukismo dengan Starter Mikrobia Pengurai Untuk Menambah Kandungan N, P, K Harjanti, Ratna Sri
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

AbstrakÂ Blotong is sugar mill waste slude in the form of dark, often dumped, causing pollution and odor. Blotong produce about 3,8 % of cane milled by a sugar factory unit. While vinasse is waste water generated from the process of making alcohol. In the process of making one liter of alcohol will produce as much as 13 liters of vinasse. Vinasse contain many elements K, while blotong contains a lot of elements of N, P, dan Ca. This allows for composting blotong with the addition of vinasse to produce organis fertilizer. Blotong and vinasse may be seen in the PG Madukismo.Organic fertilizer through composting mixture of blotong and vinasse using microbial starter EM-4 and X-Compost can be done easily in the home environment. To determine the optimum process conditions to produce organic fertilizer, need to be varied ratio of blotong and vinasse. Composting reaction carried out for thirty days with observed in temperature and pH. Further analysis of N, P, K and C/N ratio.Based on the results obtained, the use of starter microbes X compost more prospective than using starter microbes EM-4. The compost produced by the starter microbes X-compost contains N, P, K which is much higher than the compost produced by the starter micobes EM-4. As for the addition of vinasse, will give optimum results in the addition of vinasse 25% of the weigth of blotong.Â Keywords: blotong, vinasse, compost, microbe

Pengaruh Suhu pada Pengeringan Tepung Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Sulistiawati, Endah; Santosa, Imam; APS, Yunizar Rizka; Saka, Arya Aji
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Taro flour can be used as an alternative for wheat. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions on the operation of the drying resulting in minimal water content, but did not damage the properties of the desired material. This research will be obtained the parameters that can be used to design a dryer with a larger scale. After the taro peeled, washed, chopped and soaked with a solution of salt. Samples inserted into a dryer equipped with a balance, so that it can be read sample weight at a certain time. The drying process is stopped until the weight remains. The process of making flour baked, steamed after soaking the taro, and then do the drying process as the raw flour. The variables studied were temperature drying. The result showed that higher drying temperatures will accelerate the achievement of equilibrium moisture content, which means the drying operation requires a shorter period of time. Lower values of equilibrium moisture content on 0,02 (g water / g dry matter) can be achieved at a temperature of 90 0C, with a time of 80 minutes.

Analisa Efisiensi Water Tube Boiler Berbahan Bakar Fiber dan Cangkang di Palm Oil Mill Kapasitas 60 Ton TBS/Jam dengan Menggunakan Chemicalogic Steamtab Companion Version 2.0 Maulana, Khaidir; Lukman, Lukman; Uddin, Faqih Burhan; Sanjaya, Ari Susandy
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Some of the factors that occupy the efficiency of the boiler are superheater pressure, feed water temperature, steam temperature, the amount of steam produced, the amount of fuel consumption, and the calorific value of fuel combustion. ChemicaLogic Steamtab Companion Software is software that use to calculate enthalpy value. The purpose of this research is to get the relationship of variation of superheater pressure with boiler efficiency, variation of feed water temperature with boiler efficiency, variation of steam generated with boiler efficiency, analyzing fuel calorific value of 75% fiber + 25% shell and analyzing water tube boiler. From the analysis result that has been done, the relation of variation of superheater pressure with boiler efficiency is not constant but irregular or up and down, the relation of feed water temperature variation with boiler efficiency is not constant but irregular or up and down, the relation of variation of steam produced with boiler efficiency relatively up. The highest burning calorific value (HHV) is 21078,4853 kJ/kg. The lowest burning calorific value (LHV) is 17838,4853 kJ/kg, the highest boiler efficiency value generated is 54.7% and the lowest boiler efficiency amounting to 44.23%.

Optimasi Proses Hidrolisis Vinasse Sebagai Bahan Baku Resin Polimer yang Ramah Lingkungan Saputri, Lestari Hetalesi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Vinasse contains some amine, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in itâs organic acids. These groups when being combined with other materials can be synthesized into a raw material of coating material. This research aims to break vinasse chain by hydrolysis into amino acids. Hydrolysis is carried out at 110 Â°CÂ with a residence time of 60-150 minutes (with 30-minute intervals). In addition, the comparison between the volume of vinasse and HCl isÂ 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3 and 1: 4. Then the material from the hydrolysis are analyzed their groups. Quantitative analysis is required to determine the composition of vinasse that will be added in the next polimerization processing. The result showed that the optimum conditions of hydrolysis process is at 2 hours and volume HCl with the ratio of 1: 3. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of carboxyl and amines groups on hydrolyzate. The long termÂ goal of this research is the use of vinasse as a coating material derived from biomaterials, as well as renewable materials. It could be expected that hydrolysis under acidic conditions can be an initial step to a coating material with vinasse as a raw material base.Â Keywords: Â Vinasse, Polimer Resin, Hydrolysis, Coating Material.

Proses Gasifikasi berbagai Jenis Biomassa pada Gasifier Downdraft Aktawan, Agus
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v2i2.4564

Biomass gasification is an endothermic reaction process for converting biomass into syngas. Gasification occurs at high temperatures with limited oxygen. Knowing the temperature profile of biomass gasification wood charcoal, coconut shell charcoal and coconut shell, rice husk and woodchip and seek optimal results from gasification of biomass are the purpose of the research. Research start by ignite the biomass in the gasifier, the air flows by blower and the syngas came out after the filter. Research variabel are variation of biomass types mentioned above. Observations were made up until the biomass in the gasifier did not produce syngas, characterized by gas results could not burn. The results of the temperature profile from gasification of various biomass shows that the syngas appeared in the early minutes (2 minutes until the 5th) on the gasification, such as gasification coconut shell, woodchip and rice husk. Syngas of coconut shell charcoal is 2,825% w/w of biomass and can burn for 19 minutes and resulted in 1,92% ash and 29,57% charcoal.

Pengaruh Proses Pengolahan dan Penyangraian Biji Terhadap Aktivitas dan Kandungan Senyawa Antioksidan Sari Kedelai Hitam Mallika (Glycine Max) Rahayu, Wahidah Mahanani; Astuti, Erna
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Black soybean roasting at certain temperature and period was reportedly able to increase its antioxidant activity. This research aimed to evaluate black soybean antioxidant properties after processed into soybean milk. After roasting at 200oC for 30 minutes, roasted and non-roasted black soybean were water-soaked for 12 hours. Soaked beans from both treatments were divided into two parts. First part was steamed for 30 minutes then ground with room temperature water. The second was not steamed but ground with 80oC water addition. After filtration, soybean milk was subjected to antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and anthocyanin content analyses. Steamed-roasted soybeans milk had the highest antioxidant activity of 43.608%, but it contained significantly lower phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin than non-roasted beans. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanin content of roasted beans were 37.99 â 33.8%, 15%, 16.57 â 27.53% lower than those of non-roasted beans, compared in steamed and hot-water added milk. Generally, milk from non-steamed and hot water added beans had higher total phenolics and flavonoids than those from steamed beans, while anthocyanin content remained higher in steamed soybean milk. The results suggested that there was other compounds which responsible on roasted beans antioxidant activity, other than phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Comparison of soybean milk processing method indicated than steaming was able to preserve non-phenolics and non-flavonoid antioxidative compounds generated during roasting, whereas 80oC water addition without steaming might optimize phenolics and flavonoids compound extraction.

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Agus Aktawan

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Kota yogyakarta,

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