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IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience

IJOG
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Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia

ISSN : 23559314 EISSN : 23559306 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 796 Documents

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Reservoir Modeling of Carbonate on Fika Field: The Challenge to Capture the Complexity of Rock and Oil Types Erawati Fitriyani Adji; Febrian Asrul; M. Aidil Arham; Bayu Wisnubroto
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v1i2.181The carbonate on Fika Field has a special character, because it grew above a basement high with the thickness and internal character variation. To develop the field, a proper geological model which can be used in reservoir simulation was needed. This model has to represent the complexity of the rock type and the variety of oil types among the clusters. Creating this model was challenging due to the heterogeneity of the Baturaja Formation (BRF): Early Miocene reef, carbonate platform, and breccia conglomerate grew up above the basement with a variety of thickness and quality distributions. The reservoir thickness varies between 23 - 600 ft and 3D seismic frequency ranges from 1 - 80 Hz with 25 Hz dominant frequency. Structurally, the Fika Field has a high basement slope, which has an impact on the flow unit layering slope. Based on production data, each area shows different characteristics and performance: some areas have high water cut and low cumulative production. Oil properties from several clusters also vary in wax content. The wax content can potentially build up a deposit inside tubing and flow-line, resulted in a possible disturbance to the operation. Five well cores were analyzed, including thin section and XRD. Seven check-shot data and 3D seismic Pre-Stack Time Migration (PSTM) were available with limited seismic resolution. A seismic analysis was done after well seismic tie was completed. This analysis included paleogeography, depth structure map, and distribution of reservoir and basement. Core and log data generated facies carbonate distribution and rock typing, defining properties for log analysis and permeability prediction for each zone. An Sw prediction for each well was created by J-function analysis. This elaborates capillary pressure from core data, so it is very similar to the real conditions. Different stages of the initial model were done i.e. scale-up properties, data analysis, variogram modeling, and then the properties were distributed using the geostatistic method. Finally, after G&G collaborated with petrophysicists and reservoir engineers to complete their integrated analysis, a geological model was finally created. After that, material balance was needed to confirm reserve calculations. The result of OOIP (Original Oil in Place) and OGIP (Original Gas in Place) were confirmed, because it was similar to the production data and reservoir pressure. The model was then ready to be used in reservoir simulation.

A Drowning Sunda Shelf Model during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Holocene: A Review Tubagus Solihuddin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v1i2.182Rising sea levels since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), some ~20,000 years ago, has drowned the Sunda Shelf and generated the complex coastal morphology as seen today. The pattern of drowning of the shelf will be utilized to assess likely timing of shoreline displacements and the duration of shelf exposure during the postglacial sea level rise. From existing sea level records around Sunda Shelf region, “sea level curve” was assembled to reconstruct the shelf drowning events. A five stage drowning model is proposed, including 1) maximum exposure of the shelf at approximately 20,500 years Before Present (y.B.P.), when sea level had fallen to about -118 m below present sea level (bpl.), 2) melt water pulse (MWP) 1A at ~14,000 y.B.P. when sea level rose to about -80 m bpl., 3) melt water pulse (MWP) 1B at ~11,500 y.B.P., when sea level was predicted around -50 m bpl., 4) Early-Holocene at ~9,700 y.B.P, when sea level was predicted at about-30 m bpl, and 5) sea level high stand at ~4,000 y.B.P., when sea level jumped to approx. +5 m above present sea level (apl.). This study shows that the sea level fluctuated by more than 120 m at various times during LGM and Holocene. Also confirmed that sea level curve of Sunda Shelf seems to fit well when combined with sea level curve from Barbados, although the comparison remains controversial until now due to the considerable distinction of tectonic and hydro-isostatic settings.

Depositional Cycles of Muara Wahau Coals, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan Komang Anggayana; Basuki Rahmad; Agus Haris Widayat
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.v1i2.183Fifteen samples were taken ply by ply from a 33 m thick drill core of Muara Wahau coal seams for interpretation of depositional environments. Generally, lithotype variation in the bottom part of the coal seams has a lower frequency than in the upper part. Petrographical analysis was performed to determine the maceral composition, groundwater index (GWI), and gelification index (GI). The samples from lower sections show much higher GWI-GI values and lower variation frequency than from the upper section. This characteristic is interpreted as the result of development of mesotrophic to ombrotrophic peats during the deposition of lower to upper parts of the section, respectively. During the development of the mesotrophic peat, water was more abundant and relatively stable in budget. However, during the development of ombrotrophic peat, water was less abundant and relatively not stable in budget. The latter is related to the water supply depending only on rain, resulted in the more sensitive water table in the om- brotrophic peat. The unstable water table is thought as the reason of higher variation frequency of lithotype, GWI, GI, as well as maceral composition in the upper part of the core. Unstable water table would lead to moist condition in the uppermost layer of the ombrotrophic peat, favoring fungi to grow. This is confirmed by the higher abundance of sclerotinite maceral in samples from the upper part of the coal core.

Analogue Modeling of Oblique Convergent Strike-Slip Faulting and Application to The Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia Benyamin Sapiie; Meli Hadiana
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.189Sandbox experiment is one of the types of analogue modeling in geological sciences in which the main purpose is simulating deformation style and structural evolution of the sedimentary basin. Sandbox modeling is one of the effective ways in conducting physically modeling and evaluates complex deformation of sedimentary rocks. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate structural geometry and deformation history of oblique convergent deformation using of integrated technique of analogue sandbox modeling applying to deformation of Seram Fold-Thrust-Belt (SFTB) in the Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia. Oblique convergent strike-slip deformation has notoriously generated area with structural complex geometry and pattern resulted from role of various local parameters that control stress distributions. Therefore, a special technique is needed for understanding and solving such problem in particular to relate 3D fault geometry and its evolution. The result of four case (Case 1 to 4) modeling setting indicated that two of modeling variables clearly affected in our sandbox modeling results; these are lithological variation (mainly stratigraphy of Seram Island) and pre-existing basement fault geometry (basement configuration). Lithological variation was mainly affected in the total number of faults development. On the other hand, pre-existing basement fault geometry was highly influenced in the end results particularly fault style and pattern as demonstrated in Case 4 modeling. In addition, this study concluded that deformation in the Seram Island is clearly best described using oblique convergent strike-slip (transpression) stress system.

Eo-Oligocene Oil Shales of the Talawi, Lubuktaruk, and Kiliranjao Areas, West Sumatra: Are they potential source rocks? M. Iqbal; Nana Suwarna; Ildrem Syafri; Winantris Winantris
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.198To anticipate the increasing energy demand, additional data and information covering unconventional fossil fuels such as oil shale must be acquired to promote the usage of alternative energy sources to crude oil. The Talawi and Lubuktaruk regions situated within intra-montane Ombilin Basin, and the Kiliranjao assumed to be a small intra montane basin are occupied by Eo-Oligocene sediments of Sangkarewang and Kiliran Formations, respectively. Field activity, geochemical screening techniques, and organic petrographic analysis, supported by SEM mode, are methods used. Most of the oil shale sequence is typically of an organically rich-succession comprising predominantly well-bedded, laminated and fissile, brownish to dark grey organic-rich shale and mudstone rocks. The exinite macerals within oil shale comprise mainly Pediastrum-lamalginite with minor cutinite, resinite, liptodetrinite, sporinite, bituminite, and rare Botryococcus-telalginite. Therefore; the oil shale deposits can be described as “lamosites”. Minor vitrinite maceral is also recognized. TOC analysis on selected shale samples corresponds to a fair up to excellent category of source rock characterization. The hydrogen index (HI) for all samples shows a range of values from 207 - 864, and pyrolysis yield (PY) ranges from 2.67 to 79.72 mg HC/g rock. The kerogen is suggested to be of mixed Type II and Type I autochthonous materials such as alginite, with minor allochthonous substances. Oil samples collected appear to be positioned within more oil prone rather than gas prone. Thermal maturity of the oil shales gained from Tmax value and production index (PI) tends to show immature to marginally/early mature stage. A consistency in the thermal maturity level results by using both Tmax and vitrinite reflectance value is recognized. On the basis of SEM analysis, the oil shale has undergone a late eodiagenetic process. Thereby, overall, vitrinite reflectance agreeing with Tmax rates, are also consistent with the PI (production index) values and SEM result. By evaluating all the results of geochemical and organic petrological analyses conducted on shale lithologies (shale and mudstone), it can be concluded that the oil shales in those areas have a favourable potential for generation of shale oil or gas to be included as alternative energy resources in the future.

Fault-Plane Markings as Displacement Sense Indicators Tjia Hong Djin
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.177In order to determine the sense of fault motion, older textbooks advise to stroke the fault surface parallel to its striations, or slickensides. The smoother touch is felt when one’s palm moved in the direction of the adjacent fault surface. Laboratory triaxial tests and abundant field evidence proved this ‘smoothness criterion’ of producing ambiguous results. The first published field evidence contradicting the criterion probably originated from the Lokulo area in Central Jawa over half a century ago. Similar findings from elsewhere around the world have also been printed. A practical nomenclature has since developed. The types of reliable fault-plane markings in various rock types are now known. Recognition of fault-movement sense is essential when outcrop size is limited such as in underground exploration and in trenches. In addition, the present article also shows examples how the sense of faulting is applied to arrive at determining structural evolution of a rock body. The method is readily applied to solve structural problems of more extensive geological terranes.

Characteristics of the Triassic Source Rocks of the Aitutu Formation in the (West) Timor Basin Asep Kurnia Permana; Aries Kusworo; Andi Heri Prastian
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.192The Triassic rocks of the (West) Timor Basin have been identified that was mainly deposited in the marine environment. The fine grained clastics and carbonate rocks of this Triassic marine facies are considered to be the most promising source rocks potential in this basin. In this paper we present geochemical and petrographic data from outcrop samples of the Triassic carbonate Aitutu Formation, due to emphasized the organic maturation, kerogen type of the organic matter and the origin of the organic matter. A representative of selected sample were subjected to the Rock-Eval Pyrolisis, vitrinite reflectance and thermal alteration index, bitumen extraction, were analyzed on the GC-MS. The samples were collected from marine deposit of the Triassic Sequence. The TOC values of the analyzed sample range between rich and rich organic richness (0.51% - 9.16%, wt.%, TOC), which consists mainly of type II and III kerogen and the organic matter consider to be predominantly oil/gas prone and gas prone potential. The thermal maturity assessed from Tmax, TAI, and vitrinite reflectance shows an immature to early peak mature stage of the organic matter. The GC-MS analyses of the biomarkers indicate mainly the organic matter derived from mixed source rocks facies containing alga debris and higher plant terrestrial origin.

Carbonate Facies and Sedimentation of the Klapanunggal Formation in Cibinong, West Java Praptisih Praptisih; Kamtono Kamtono
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 1, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.196The limestone of Klapanunggal Formation is well exposed in the area of Cibinong and its surrounding,West Java. Detailed Observation of carbonate rock has been conducted in this area and aims to studythe carbonate facies and its growth environment. The method used in the field is the detailedinvestigation, while mikropaleontology and petrogaphic analysis conducted in the laboratory. Theresult of this study indicate that the carbonate rocks in the study area consists of four facies. namely:(1) boundstone facies, (2) packstone facies, (3) rudstone facies, and (4) limestone breccia facies. Basedon these data be interpreted that the boundstone facies was deposited in the reef front to reef crestenvironment, packstone facies developed on the lower slope, upper slope, and back-reef lagoonenvironment. Rudstone facies formed on the reef front, and breccia limestone facies were formed inthe lower slope. Geographically, the position of the carbonate body environment that is at the reeffront, upper slope and lower slope is expected to be in the North – North East while the reef crest andback reef lagoon is on the South – Southwest.

Developing a Geoinformatic-engineering Stability Modeling Method, using Field Data and GIS Environment: A Case Study from Al Qarara Area in Wadi Musa, Jordan Mohammmad Al Farajat; Abdullah Diabat; Hussein Al Hassanat; Mohammad Ibweni; Jamal Shawaqfeh
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.1.1-21By applying detailed geological field surveys, the spatial factors affecting geo-engineering stability were used to develop a geo-engineering stability modeling method to identify areas under potential threat of landsliding. The factors affecting geo-engineering stability in Al Qarara area in Petra-Jordan were studied and given assumed rates of importance, where optimization process was run by lag iterations; the produced spatial layers of the different factors were gathered and modeled using GIS; a final stability map was produced using an optimized equation. The produced map was validated qualitatively and quantitatively, where a comparison was made between the reality in the field and several maps of different equation. The modeling method which was developed in the context of this study proved to be suitable to produce micro-zonation maps of areas having landslide risk. Further applications on the method in other areas suffering landslides will further improve it.

Contrasting Two Facies of Muncung Granite in Lingga Regency Using Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Element Geochemistry Ronaldo Irzon
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Geological Agency

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.1.23-33Lingga Regency is located in the main range of the famous Southeast Asia granitic belt related to tin resources. There are two granitic units in this region: the S-type Muncung Granite and I-type Tanjungbuku Granite. XRF and ICP-MS were used to measure the major, trace, and rare earth elements of nine Muncung Granite samples. Two different patterns were identified from major data plotting on Harker variation diagram. Granitic rocks from Lingga and Selayar Islands are classified as A facies while others from Singkep Island is B facies. This paper used graphs and variation diagrams to reveal the differences of those two facies. Thus, REE correlation to SiO2, trace element spider diagram, and REE spider diagram show more contrasts correlation. However, both facies are syn-collisional and High-K calc-alkaline granites. Some identical characters with other granitic units in Peninsular Malaysia were also detected in this work.

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Contact Name
Ivan Ferdian

Contact Email
ivan.ijgbg@gmail.com

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Journal Mail Official
ivan.ijgbg@gmail.com

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Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA