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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
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The effects of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise on spatial memory function in male Wistar rats
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 3 (2019): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i3.1825

Abstract

BACKGROUND Memory is a vital function of the brain. Aerobic exercise has a positive effect on memory's function, but the appropriate combination of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise is still unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of optimum combinations of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise on spatial memory function. METHODS In this study, the authors performed in vivo experiment using 20 male Wistar rats (6-month-old). They were randomly divided into four groups: (1) low-intensity and short duration aerobic exercise group (L-S); (2) low-intensity and long duration aerobic exercise group (L-L); (3) high-intensity and short duration aerobic exercise group (H-S); and (4) high-intensity and long duration aerobic exercise group (H-L). The aerobic exercise treatment of each group was conducted for three weeks with a frequency of five days a week. The memory function was assessed with the help of water-E-maze on week 0, 1, 2, and 3 (a total of four times). RESULTS This study indicates that the central nervous system responds to aerobic exercise as an external stimulus differently depending on the combinations of intensity and duration. Moreover, this study demonstrates that changes in memory functions are best observed in the group with low-intensity and long duration aerobic exercise. CONCLUSIONS The combination of low-intensity and long duration of aerobic exercise for animal study can improve spatial memory functions better than any other combinations of intensity and duration of aerobic exercises in male Wistar rats.
The preventive effect of Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract administered simultaneously to excess iron on markers of iron overload in Spraque-Dawley rats
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 4 (2017): December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i4.1829

Abstract

Background: Recently, there is no agent available for the prevention of iron overload (IO) in thalassemia patients. Previous studies showed that Mangifera foetida L. leaf extracts reduced the levels of iron in IO in vitro and in vivo models. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract in the prevention of IO induced in rats.Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: control (untreated), IO, 3 treatment groups with leaf extract equivalent to 50, 100, and 200 mg of mangiferin per kg BW. Fe-dextran (15 mg) was administered intraperitoneally twice a week for 4 weeks to all groups except control (IO, DSM50, DSM100, and DSM200). Urine and blood samples were taken before and after treatments. After 4 weeks of treatment, rats were terminated, and samples of spleen, liver, and heart were taken. Ferritin and mangiferin levels and SOD activities were determined in plasma. Iron levels were measured in plasma, urine, and spleen.Results: Experimental IO increased plasma Fe content 4.23 times and plasma ferritin levels 6.9 times vs normal. Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract DSM50 resulted in the highest blood levels of 212 ng mangiferin per mL and moderately, although not significant, prevented increased plasma ferritin levels and IO in organs and protected against oxidative stress.Conclusion: Aqueous Mangifera foetida L. leaf extract may be useful to prevent IO and oxidative stress in thalassemia patients.
Acupoint-catgut embedment combined with medication does not decrease interleukin-6 levels serum in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 3 (2019): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i3.1850

Abstract

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a pathological condition caused by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. GERD is a multifactorial disorder with an increase in prevalence worldwide. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is commonly found in the esophageal mucosa of GERD patients and associated with esophageal motor disorders. Acupoint-catgut embedment has long been known as adjunctive therapy for GERD. This study was aimed to establish the effect of acupoint-catgut embedment combined with medication on the IL-6 serum levels of patients with GERD. METHODS This single-blind randomized controlled trial involved 40 GERD patients from the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital that were randomly allocated to either catgut-embedding therapy plus medication or sham acupuncture with medication. Catgut-embedding therapy was given two times at CV12 (Zhongwan), ST36 (Zusanli), and BL21 (Weishu) every 15 days. Serum levels of IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as research output. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the baseline levels of proinflammatory (IL-6) mediators between the groups. After 1-month treatment, the median levels of IL-6 were statistically insignificant decreased in catgut-embedding therapy plus medication versus sham acupuncture with medication (0.15 versus -0.16 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that catgut-embedding therapy has not been proven to statistically influence the levels of IL-6 in patients with GERD.
Does the establishment of universal health coverage drive the foundation of postgraduate education for primary care physicians?
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 2 (2017): June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i2.1857

Abstract

Background: Studying the formation of postgraduate training in primary care within countries which has attained Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is important to support the development of similar training in low-and middle-income countries aiming to achieve UHC by 2030. This review aims to describe the state of postgraduate training for primary care physicians in UHC-attaining countries.Methods: A literature review of published literature and official documents from the websites of regional and global health/primary care organizations or societies such as World Health Organization (WHO), World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), European Forum for Primary Care, European Union of General Practitioners (GP)/Family Physicians (FP), European Academy of Teachers in GP/Family Medicine (FM), as well as the websites of GP/FP organizations in each of the respective countries. The list of UHC attained countries were identified through WHO and International Labor Organization databases.Results: A total number of 72 UHC-attained countries were identified. Postgraduate education for primary care physicians exists in 62 countries (86%). Explicit statements that establish primary care postgraduate training were corresponded with the policy on UHC is found in 11 countries (18%). The naming of the program varies, general practice and family medicine were the commonest. In 33 countries (53%), physicians are required to undertake training to practice in primary level. The program duration ranged from 2–6 years with 3 years for the majority.Conclusion: Although UHC is not the principal driving force for the establishment of postgraduate training for primary care physicians in many countries, most UHC-attaining countries make substantial endeavor to ensure its formation as a part of their health care reform to improve national health.
Prevalence and pattern of domestic violence at the Center for Forensic Medical Services in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 2 (2017): June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i2.1865

Abstract

Background: Domestic violence (DV) is still a significant public health problem, especially in women's health. Few studies have reported the prevalence and domestic violence in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence, type of violence, and forensic examination on domestic violence victims in emergency departments. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of domestic violence victims observed in the Emergency Department at the Bhayangkara Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia, between 2010 and 2014. The determinations of DV cases are based on the medico-legal reports (visum et repertum) and the police’s official inquiry letters. Results: Out of 6,876 medico-legal injury reports of living victims were reviewed, and 755 (10,9%) cases were DV. The majority of victims in DV were women (93.8%) with childbearing age group as the highest frequency (77.9%). Most of the DV victims were housewives (67.0%). Moreover, physical assault was the most common DV types (98.7%). Bruise was the predominant type of wound among the DV victims (76.2%), and almost half of the victims had abrasions (48.1%). Head and limbs were the predominant sites of wound. Blunt injury was found in more than three-quarters of the victims (88.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of domestic violence was high among living victims in the emergency department, with women as the majority of victims.
TMEPAI genome editing in triple negative breast cancer cells
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 1 (2017): March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i1.1871

Abstract

Background: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a powerful genome editing technique. It consists of RNA-guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 and single guide RNA (gRNA). By combining their expressions, high efficiency cleavage of the target gene can be achieved, leading to the formation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) at the genomic locus of interest which will be repaired via NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) or HDR (homology-directed repair) and mediate DNA alteration. We aimed to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to knock-out the transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein (TMEPAI) gene in the triple negative breast cancer cell line.Methods: Designed gRNA which targets the TMEPAI gene was synthesized, annealed, and cloned into gRNA expression vector. It was co-transfected into the TNBC cell line using polyethylenimine (PEI) together with Cas9-GFP and puromycin resistant gene vector. At 24-hours post-transfection, cells were selected by puromycin for 3 days before they were cloned. Selected knock-out clones were subsequently checked on their protein levels by western blotting.Results: CRISPR/Cas9, a genome engineering technique successfully knocked-out TMEPAI in the Hs578T TNBC cell line. Sequencing shows a frameshift mutation in TMEPAI. Western blot shows the absence of TMEPAI band on Hs578T KO cells.Conclusion: TMEPAI gene was deleted in the TNBC cell line using the genomic editing technique CRISPR/Cas9. The deletion was confirmed by genome and protein analysis.
Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting anterior cruciate ligament injuries
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 3 (2017): September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i3.1873

Abstract

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stabilizes the joint during hyperextension and prevents anterior translation over femur. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting ACL injury by taking arthroscopy as gold standard in patients with traumatic knee injury. Methods: Patients fulfilling the study criteria were treated with clinical examination, MRI and then arthroscopy at the Department of Orthopedics and Spine in the Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing the anterior cruciate ligament injury were calculated based on arthroscopic findings. All the data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 version. Results: A total 185 patients were included. 91.1% were males and 8.9% were females with Mean age of 28.25±0.433. The accuracy of MRI in diagnosing the anterior cruciate ligament was 91.89%, with sensitivity of 93.33%, specificity of 85.71%, positive predictive value of 96.55% and the negative predictive value of 75%. Conclusion: MRI is accurate and non-invasive modality for the assessment of ligamentous injuries. It can be used as a first line investigation to patients with suspicion of ACL injury.
Leadership in doctor-patient relationship: Implementation on patient's case management in primary care
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 2 (2017): June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i2.1877

Abstract

As a care coordinator, primary care physicians (PCP) need planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. A model of leadership in medicine needs to be implemented in primary care. Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership style that is suitable for health services. It is similar to a patient-centered approach. Case management should be well prepared and explained in accordance with patient needs, can be agreed upon, as well as implemented with appropriate respective roles. A leader needs to do various aspects related to the managerial process for carrying out the required activities. The same process can also be done by PCPs to achieve patient's target management. Such activities include planning up to building networks. PCPs are expected to have leadership competencies and transformational leadership to support their performance as care coordinators. This can be obtained through a holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and continuous approach, as well as building relationships with other stakeholders.
Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves ethanol extract inhibit maturation and promote apoptosis of systemic lupus erythematosus BALB/c mice B cells
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 4 (2017): December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v26i4.1899

Abstract

Background: B cells play a key role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Targeting B cells as SLE therapy is a plausible approach. This study investigated the potential effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves with ethanol extract in decreasing percentages of maturation, increasing percentages of apoptosis, and decreasing NF-κB p65 expressions of SLE BALB/c mice B cells. Methods: Culturing B cells from pristane induced SLE BALB/c mice's spleen will resulted in this in vitro study. B cells were activated by BAFF, LPS, IL-4, and anti-CD40 yielding CD19+ >80%. B cells were cultured by adding those stimulants with and without B. pinnatum leaves (0, 0.02, 0.1, or 0.5 µg/ml) for 72 hours at 37°C. Flow cytometry was performed to determine The Percentages of maturation (CD19+CD38+) and apoptosis (Annexin V+PI+) of B cells. Further analysis to determine the expressions of transcription factor of maturation and apoptosis of B cells, NF-κB p65, were performed using immunocytochemistry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Flow cytometry assay showed significant decrease in percentages of maturation of B cells in all doses and significant increase in percentage of apoptosis of B cells in dose 0.5 µg/ml. Immunocytochemistry results showed significant decrease expressions of NF-κB p65 in all doses. Percentages of maturation, apoptosis, and expressions of NF-κB p65 of B cells were significantly correlated. Conclusion: This in vitro study revealed that B. pinnatum leaves with ethanol extract decreased the percentages of maturation, increased the percentage of apoptosis, and decreased NF-κB p65 expressions of SLE BALB/c mice B cells significantly.
Use of 2D and multislice transperineal ultrasonography to describe the degree of perineal laceration following vaginal delivery
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 2 (2018): June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v27i2.1908

Abstract

Background: Perineal tear is the most common complication after vaginal delivery. Pill-rolling test is a widely used clinical evaluation method to determine the degree of perineal tear. However, the evaluation results of anal sphincter complex (ASC) differ between clinical examination and 2D/multislice transperineal ultrasonography (TPUS). This study aims to describe measurement variation between these modalities.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from November 2015 to May 2016. Subjects were primiparous women after vaginal delivery. Clinical examination using pill-rolling test was performed to determine the degree of perineal laceration. Suture was conducted accordingly. The subjects were subjected to 2D/multislice TPUS 72 hours after delivery to evaluate the integrity of internal and external anal sphincters. Data were collected and analyzed to determine compatibility between these examinations.Results: Among 70 prospective primiparous women, five were excluded due to unavailability to undergo 2D/multislice TPUS 72 hours after delivery. The mean duration to perform 2D/multislice TPUS was 4.5 minutes, and pain was tolerable during the examination. The compatibility values of clinical examination with 2D and multislice TPUS were 0.98 and 0.93, respectively, with Cohen’s kappa of 0.92 (95% CI 0.81-1.00) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.58-0.99), respectively. Conclusion: Clinical examination is compatible with 2D/multislice TPUS for determining the degree of perineal tear after vaginal delivery.

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