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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010" : 10 Documents clear
IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS CONFERRING RICE BLAST RESISTANCE USING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES Sobrizal, Sobrizal; Bustamam, Masdiar; Carkum, Carkum; Warsun, Ahmad; Human, Soeranto; Fukuta, Yoshimichi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the limitingfactors for rice production world wide. The use of resistantvarieties for managing blast disease is considered as the mosteco-friendly approaches. However, their resistances may bebroken down within a few years due to the appearance of newvirulent blast races in the field. The objective of the presentstudy was to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferringresistance to blast disease using 126 recombinant inbred(RI) lines originated from a crossing of a durably resistant uplandrice genotype (Laka) and a highly susceptible rice accessioncultivar (Kencana Bali). The RI population was developedthrough a single seed descent method from 1997 to 2004.Resistance of the RI lines was evaluated for blast in an endemicarea of Sukabumi, West Java, in 2005. Disease intensity of theblast was examined following the standard evaluation systemdeveloped by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).At the same year the RI lines were analyzed with 134 DNAmarkers. Results of the study showed that one major QTL wasfound to be associated with blast resistance, and this QTL waslocated near RM2136 marker on the long arm of chromosome11. This QTL explained 87% of the phenotypic variation with37% additive effect. The map position of this QTL differedfrom that of a partial resistant gene, Pi34, identified previouslyon chromosome 11 in the Japanese durably resistant variety,Chubu 32. The QTL, however, was almost at the same positionas that of the multiple allele-resistant gene, Pik. Therefore, anallelic test should be conducted to clarify the allelic relationshipbetween QTL identified in this study and the Pik. The RI linesare the permanent segregating population that could be veryuseful for analysing phenotypic variations of important agronomictraits possibly owned by the RI lines. The major QTLidentified in this study could be used as a genetic resource inimprovement of rice varieties for blast resistance in Indonesia
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND GRAIN YIELD OF RICE FOR TIDAL SWAMP AREAS Hairmansis, Aris; Kustianto, Bambang; Suwarno, Suwarno
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Development of rice varieties for tidal swamp areas is emphasized on the improvement of rice yield potential in specific environment. However, grain yield is a complex trait and highly dependent on the other agronomic characters; while information related to the relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield in the breeding program particularly for tidal swamp areas is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield of rice as a basis for selection of high yielding rice varieties for tidal swamp areas. Agronomic characters and grain yield of nine advanced rice breeding lines and two rice varieties were evaluated in a series of experiments in tidal swamp areas, Karang Agung Ulu Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, for four cropping seasons in dry season (DS) 2005, wet season (WS) 2005/2006, DS 2006, and DS 2007. Result from path analysis revealed that the following characters had positive direct effect on grain yield, i.e. number of productive tillers per hill (p = 0.356), number of filled grains per panicle (p = 0.544), and spikelet fertility (p = 0.215). Plant height had negative direct effect (p = -0.332) on grain yield, while maturity, number of spikelets per panicle, and 1000-grain weight showed negligible effect on rice grain yield. Present study suggests that indirect selection of high yielding tidal swamp rice can be done by selecting breeding lines which have many product tive tillers, dense filled grains, and high spikelet fertility.
PROTOPLAST FUSION BETWEEN WHITE AND BROWN OYSTER MUSHROOMS Djajanegara, Ira; Masduki, Agus
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Genetic crossing of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus floridae)to introduce longer storage life trait can only be done withinindividuals in this particular species. However, longer storagelife trait is possessed by brown oyster mushroom (Pleurotuscystidiosus). Therefore, a protoplast fusion experiment betweenwhite and brown oyster mushrooms was conducted to obtain anoyster mushroom strain showing high productivity and longstorage life. The experiment was done at the biology laboratoryof the University of Al Azhar Indonesia from May 2008 toAugust 2009. Protoplast fusion was done by isolating protoplastfrom 5-day old monokaryotic mycelia grown in potato dextrosebroth (PDB). Around 3.15 x 105 protoplasts ml-1 were harvestedusing mixture of cellulase Onozuka R-10 (1%) and macerozymeR-10 (1%) from brown oyster mushroom with 80.61% viability.Similarly, 3.71 x 105 protoplasts ml-1 were harvested using lysingenzyme (2%) from white oyster mushroom with 83.68% viability.Protoplast fusions were conducted using 40% PEG6000 for10 minutes. The candidate fusants were then screened usingminimum regeneration media (MRM). There were 22 coloniesgrew on MRM media and four colonies (FS1, FS2, FS3, and FS4)showed clamp connection as well as primordia formation to bechosen as candidate fusants. However, isozyme studies usingmalate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase as marker enzymesconfirmed that only FS1 and FS2 were the hybridized products.The two colonies showed different mycelia growth patterns andhyphae sizes, fruit body morphology and productivity comparedto their parents. These two fusants, however, did not indicatethe presence of longer storage life trait as expected despite ahigher productivity achieved by FS1. In this study, the protoplastfusion only yielded higher productivity strain of mushroomwith different colors without any changes in storage life.
IDENTIFICATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR DRY SEASON AND WET SEASON PLANTING Sumarno, Sumarno; Sutisna, Entis
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rice planting on dry and wet seasons faces a specific climatological characteristic, which affects directly on rice growth and yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated for their seasonal planting adaptation at Sukamandi Experimental Station, Subang, West Java, during the dry and wet seasons of 2009-2010.Randomized complete block design with three replications was applied on the experiment. Plot size was 4 m x 6 m and plant spacing was 20 cm x 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices were applied on both planting season experiments. Data were collected for major morphological traits, days to grain maturity and grain yield, measured on wet and dry basis (11% moisture content). Data were analysed for analyses of variance for each season and for combined seasons, and mean values separation of the variable used the 5% Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation between grain yields and morphological variable data were computed for each season and for combined seasons. The correlation coefficients of variables and grain yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes using path analyses. Combined analyses of variances indicated significant effects of genotypes, seasons and genotypes x seasons interaction for almost all variables, including grain yields, suggesting there were seasonal adaptation specificity among genotypes. Five genotypes were identified as suitable for dry season planting, and ninegenotypes as suitable for wet season planting. Among those genotypes, three genotypes, namely Mekongga, Inpari-10 and OM 5240 were suitable for both dry and wet season planting. Ciherang and Cigeulis varieties were more suitable for dry season, while Cibogo, Inpari-1, Inpari-3, Inpari-5, and Inpari-8 were more suitable for wet season planting. Adopting the most productive rice varieties for planting on dry or wet season as was suggested on this research should increase rice production substantially. To facilitate the availability of varieties adaptedfor a specific planting season, rice breeding should purposedly apply a directional selection of lines suitable for specific planting season, starting on the early generation of selection. 
LAND USE CHANGE AND RECOMMENDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PEATLAND FOR AGRICULTURE: Case Study at Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts, West Kalimantan Wahyunto, Wahyunto; Supriatna, Wahyu; Agus, Fahmuddin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Peatland is an increasingly important land resource for livelihood,economic development, and terrestrial carbon storage. Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts of West Kalimantan rely their future agricultural development on this environmentally fragile peatland because of the dominance (58% and 16% area, respectively) of this land in the two districts. A study aimed to evaluate land use changes on peatland and to develop strategies for sustainable peatland use and management for agriculture. Time series satellite imageries of land use and land cover,ground truthing, and statistical data of land use change were analyzed for generating the dynamics of land use changes in the period of 1986-2008. Field observation, peat sampling, and peat analyses of representative land use types were undertaken to assess peat characteristics and its agricultural suitability. The study showed that within 22 years (1986-2008), the area of peat forests in Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts decreased as much as 13.6% from 391,902 ha to 328,078 ha. The current uses of the peatland in the two districts include oil palm plantation (8704 ha), smallholder rubber plantation (13,186 ha), annual crops (15,035 ha), mixed cropping of trees and annual crops (22,328 ha), and pineapple farming (11,744 ha). Our evaluationshowed unconformity of the current uses of peatland with regulations and crops agronomic requirements such as peat thickness and maturity, rendering unsustainability. This study recommends that expansion of agriculture and plantation on peatland areas be limited over idle land within the agricultural production and conversion production forest areas. About 34,362 ha (9.7%) of uncultivated log-over forest and shrubscan potentially be developed for agriculture. Peat soils with the thickness of >3 m should be allocated for conservation or forest protection due to low inherent soil fertility and high potential greenhouse gas emissions if converted for agriculture. 
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND GRAIN YIELD OF RICE FOR TIDAL SWAMP AREAS Aris Hairmansis; Bambang Kustianto; Suwarno Suwarno
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v11n1.2010.p11-15

Abstract

Development of rice varieties for tidal swamp areas is emphasized on the improvement of rice yield potential in specific environment. However, grain yield is a complex trait and highly dependent on the other agronomic characters; while information related to the relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield in the breeding program particularly for tidal swamp areas is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield of rice as a basis for selection of high yielding rice varieties for tidal swamp areas. Agronomic characters and grain yield of nine advanced rice breeding lines and two rice varieties were evaluated in a series of experiments in tidal swamp areas, Karang Agung Ulu Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, for four cropping seasons in dry season (DS) 2005, wet season (WS) 2005/2006, DS 2006, and DS 2007. Result from path analysis revealed that the following characters had positive direct effect on grain yield, i.e. number of productive tillers per hill (p = 0.356), number of filled grains per panicle (p = 0.544), and spikelet fertility (p = 0.215). Plant height had negative direct effect (p = -0.332) on grain yield, while maturity, number of spikelets per panicle, and 1000-grain weight showed negligible effect on rice grain yield. Present study suggests that indirect selection of high yielding tidal swamp rice can be done by selecting breeding lines which have many product tive tillers, dense filled grains, and high spikelet fertility.
IDENTIFICATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR DRY SEASON AND WET SEASON PLANTING Sumarno Sumarno; Entis Sutisna
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v11n1.2010.p24-31

Abstract

Rice planting on dry and wet seasons faces a specific climatological characteristic, which affects directly on rice growth and yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated for their seasonal planting adaptation at Sukamandi Experimental Station, Subang, West Java, during the dry and wet seasons of 2009-2010. Randomized complete block design with three replications was applied on the experiment. Plot size was 4 m x 6 m and plant spacing was 20 cm x 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices were applied on both planting season experiments. Data were collected for major morphological traits, days to grain maturity and grain yield, measured on wet and dry basis (11% moisture content). Data were analysed for analyses of variance for each season and for combined seasons, and mean values separation of the variable used the 5% Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation between grain yields and morphological variable data were computed for each season and for combined seasons. The correlation coefficients of variables and grain yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes using path analyses. Combined analyses of variances indicated significant effects of genotypes, seasons and genotypes x seasons interaction for almost all variables, including grain yields, suggesting there were seasonal adaptation specificity among genotypes. Five genotypes were identified as suitable for dry season planting, and nine genotypes as suitable for wet season planting. Among those genotypes, three genotypes, namely Mekongga, Inpari-10 and OM 5240 were suitable for both dry and wet season planting. Ciherang and Cigeulis varieties were more suitable for dry season, while Cibogo, Inpari-1, Inpari-3, Inpari-5, and Inpari-8 were more suitable for wet season planting. Adopting the most productive rice varieties for planting on dry or wet season as was suggested on this research should increase rice production substantially. To facilitate the availability of varieties adapted for a specific planting season, rice breeding should purposedly apply a directional selection of lines suitable for specific planting season, starting on the early generation of selection.
LAND USE CHANGE AND RECOMMENDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PEATLAND FOR AGRICULTURE: Case Study at Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts, West Kalimantan Wahyunto Wahyunto; Wahyu Supriatna; Fahmuddin Agus
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v11n1.2010.p32-40

Abstract

Peatland is an increasingly important land resource for livelihood, economic development, and terrestrial carbon storage. Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts of West Kalimantan rely their future agricultural development on this environmentally fragile peatland because of the dominance (58% and 16% area, respectively) of this land in the two districts. A study aimed to evaluate land use changes on peatland and to develop strategies for sustainable peatland use and management for agriculture. Time series satellite imageries of land use and land cover, ground truthing, and statistical data of land use change were analyzed for generating the dynamics of land use changes in the period of 1986-2008. Field observation, peat sampling, and peat analyses of representative land use types were undertaken to assess peat characteristics and its agricultural suitability. The study showed that within 22 years (1986-2008), the area of peat forests in Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts decreased as much as 13.6% from 391,902 ha to 328,078 ha. The current uses of the peatland in the two districts include oil palm plantation (8704 ha), smallholder rubber plantation (13,186 ha), annual crops (15,035 ha), mixed cropping of trees and annual crops (22,328 ha), and pineapple farming (11,744 ha). Our evaluation showed unconformity of the current uses of peatland with regulations and crops agronomic requirements such as peat thickness and maturity, rendering unsustainability. This study recommends that expansion of agriculture and plantation on peatland areas be limited over idle land within the agricultural production and conversion production forest areas. About 34,362 ha (9.7%) of uncultivated log-over forest and shrubs can potentially be developed for agriculture. Peat soils with the thickness of >3 m should be allocated for conservation or forest protection due to low inherent soil fertility and high potential greenhouse gas emissions if converted for agriculture.
PROTOPLAST FUSION BETWEEN WHITE AND BROWN OYSTER MUSHROOMS Ira Djajanegara; Agus Masduki
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v11n1.2010.p16-23

Abstract

Genetic crossing of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus floridae) to introduce longer storage life trait can only be done within individuals in this particular species. However, longer storage life trait is possessed by brown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cystidiosus). Therefore, a protoplast fusion experiment between white and brown oyster mushrooms was conducted to obtain an oyster mushroom strain showing high productivity and long storage life. The experiment was done at the biology laboratory of the University of Al Azhar Indonesia from May 2008 to August 2009. Protoplast fusion was done by isolating protoplast from 5-day old monokaryotic mycelia grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB). Around 3.15 x 105 protoplasts ml-1 were harvested using mixture of cellulase Onozuka R-10 (1%) and macerozyme R-10 (1%) from brown oyster mushroom with 80.61% viability. Similarly, 3.71 x 105 protoplasts ml-1 were harvested using lysing enzyme (2%) from white oyster mushroom with 83.68% viability. Protoplast fusions were conducted using 40% PEG6000 for 10 minutes. The candidate fusants were then screened using minimum regeneration media (MRM). There were 22 colonies grew on MRM media and four colonies (FS1, FS2, FS3, and FS4) showed clamp connection as well as primordia formation to be chosen as candidate fusants. However, isozyme studies using malate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase as marker enzymes confirmed that only FS1 and FS2 were the hybridized products. The two colonies showed different mycelia growth patterns and hyphae sizes, fruit body morphology and productivity compared to their parents. These two fusants, however, did not indicate the presence of longer storage life trait as expected despite a higher productivity achieved by FS1. In this study, the protoplast fusion only yielded higher productivity strain of mushroom with different colors without any changes in storage life.
IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS CONFERRING RICE BLAST RESISTANCE USING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES Sobrizal Sobrizal; Masdiar Bustamam; Carkum Carkum; Ahmad Warsun; Soeranto Human; Yoshimichi Fukuta
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v11n1.2010.p1-10

Abstract

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the limiting factors for rice production world wide. The use of resistant varieties for managing blast disease is considered as the most eco-friendly approaches. However, their resistances may be broken down within a few years due to the appearance of new virulent blast races in the field. The objective of the present study was to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferring resistance to blast disease using 126 recombinant inbred (RI) lines originated from a crossing of a durably resistant upland rice genotype (Laka) and a highly susceptible rice accession cultivar (Kencana Bali). The RI population was developed through a single seed descent method from 1997 to 2004. Resistance of the RI lines was evaluated for blast in an endemic area of Sukabumi, West Java, in 2005. Disease intensity of the blast was examined following the standard evaluation system developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). At the same year the RI lines were analyzed with 134 DNA markers. Results of the study showed that one major QTL was found to be associated with blast resistance, and this QTL was located near RM2136 marker on the long arm of chromosome 11. This QTL explained 87% of the phenotypic variation with 37% additive effect. The map position of this QTL differed from that of a partial resistant gene, Pi34, identified previously on chromosome 11 in the Japanese durably resistant variety, Chubu 32. The QTL, however, was almost at the same position as that of the multiple allele-resistant gene, Pik. Therefore, an allelic test should be conducted to clarify the allelic relationship between QTL identified in this study and the Pik. The RI lines are the permanent segregating population that could be very useful for analysing phenotypic variations of important agronomic traits possibly owned by the RI lines. The major QTL identified in this study could be used as a genetic resource in improvement of rice varieties for blast resistance in Indonesia

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