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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013" : 6 Documents clear
Jagung Hibrida Genjah: Prospek Pengembangan Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Muhammad Azrai
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Global climate changes threaten the sustainability of maize production and maize consumption. Early maturing, high yielding hybrid maize varieties could be used as an adaptive measure to the climate changes. The national breeding program had released two hybrid varieties, Bima 7 and Bima 8, with yield potential of more than 10 t/ha and matures in 90 days after planting. The breeding research at ICERI is supported by the molecular techniques. Using the SSR markers showed that 24 combinations of drought tolerant inbred lines and 15 combinations of acid-tolerant inbred lines produced high level of heterosis (>75%). These inbred line combinations could be potentially developed into superior hybrids with early maturity. Three ICERI elite inbred lines of yellow grain color and tolerant to downy mildew had been top crossed by using 41 inbred lines of white grain color, super-early maturing, tolerant to drought and high temperature, obtained from CIMMYT-Kenya outreach program. This activity is part of the joint research between CIMMYT and some maize-producing countries in Asia to develop super early maturing hybrid maize, tolerant to drought. By utilizing molecular marker techniques as a tool for selection, it is expected that within the next 3-4 years, this research collaboration could result an early maturing maize tolerant to drought, high temperature and downy mildew disease. Thus, breeding research to develop early maturing hybrid maize could be the solution to anticipate the climate changes.
Perbedaan Hasil Padi Antarmusim di Lahan Sawah Irigasi Satoto Satoto; Yuni Widyastuti; Untung Susanto; Made Jana Mejaya
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Indonesia as a tropical country, has two distinct planting seasons, i.e. rainy (WS, October-April) and dry season (DS, May-September). The difference between the two seasons include the amount of rainfall, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and cloudiness which cause yield gap between seasons. Rice yield testing at various locations and seasons using inbred and hybrid varieties showed the occurrence of yield gap patterns. In East Java during the 2001-2003 testing showed inconsistence yield gap between planting seasons across locations. Testing of 29 very early maturing accessions in Kuningan (550 m asl) during DS 2010 and WS 2010/2011 showed no significant yield gap between planting seasons. Similarly, testing of 10 GSR inbred lines along with four check varieties during DS 2012 and WS 2012/2013 showed no significant yield gap due to seasons, genotypes, and plant spacing. Factors which presumably affected the yield gap include air temperature, CO2 concentration, and solar radiation during grain filling period. Increasing temperature had reduced the grain yield, where as increasing CO2 concentration increased plant biomass formation, while optimum solar radiation during grain filling increased grain yield. To reduce yield gap between seasonal planting, the more readily observable causing the yield gap should be anticipated, such as: pests and diseases in each season for each location, assigning suitable variety for specific location and planting season, and application of most appropriate cultivation techniques for each location and season (fertilizers application, plant spacing, irrigation, and pest/diseases management).
Perkembangan Pemuliaan Gandum di Indonesia Nur, Amin; Azrai, Muh.; Subagio, Herman; Soeranto, Soeranto; Ragapadmi, Ragapadmi; Sustiprajitno, Sustiprajitno; Trikoesoemaningtyas, Trikoesoemaningtyas
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

As a tropical country, Indonesia certainly is not the most suitable place for producing wheat. Wheat flour consumption however, had increased tremendously during the last three decades, that import of wheat grain in 2012 reached 7.2 million ton. Producing wheat had been attempted since 1990’s, utilizing lands at high elevation with drier climate. However, crops competition, especially with the high land vegetables, had put wheat cropping become prohibitive. As early as in 1880, G Wallace experimented of growing wheat in the high land of Timor island. However the crop was never economically established. Selection for genotypes and varieties of wheat for the tropical area had been attempted since 1980’s, and adaptable varieties to the high land had been released, but farmers did not adopt the crop on their cropping system. Breeding research to develop tropical wheat varieties was revived in 2009. By using the modern breeding techniques, including biotechnology, cellular somatic mutation, as well as applying the conventional breeding techniques, varieties adaptable to the lowland tropics are expected to be identified.
Produktivitas Varietas Padi dari Kelas Benih Berbeda Sri Wahyuni; Indria W. Mulsanti; Satoto Satoto
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Seed certification system in Indonesia applies the four seed classes, i.e. Breeder Seeds (BS), Foundation Seeds (FS), Stock Seeds (SS) and Extension Seeds (ES). Farmers should plant the Extension Seeds for producing rice grain. However, farmers in some provinces prefer to use the Stock Seeds to produce rice grain, due to false information that higherseed-class will produce higher grain yield. The purpose of seed certification is to ascertain genetic identity and genetic purity, so as the potential genetic of the variety could be expressed maximally in rice field. Moreover, grain yield is influenced by the genetic factor and the environment condition. Previous research had indicated that the seed quality of higher seed classes was not always better than that of the lower seed class. Furthermore, rice crop planted from higher seed class of the same variety did not showed any differences in appearances of its agronomic characters (plant height, number of tillers) and yield components (grain weight, panicle length, filled grains per panicle), nor the grain yield. The notation that higher seed class produces higher grain yield, as was commodity believed by farmers and other stake holders, was incorrect. Seed certification is designed to ascertain the genetic purity of variety, but not to increase the productivity of the respective variety.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi Melalui Penerapan Jarak Tanam Jajar Legowo Ikhwani Ikhwani; Gagad Restu Pratiwi; Eman Paturrohman; A. K. Makarim
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rice productivity in the irrigated wet land could be increased by applying the best cultivation practices. Pair rows vis a vis square plant spacing is capable of increasing rice productivity, due to higher plant population and better plant orientation to utilize the solar radiation. Rice yield could be further improved through the varietal selection among the Inpari series (Inpari-14, 15, 18 and 19) to identify which one is the most adaptable to higher plant density. The minimum grain yield per hill of the pair rows was determined in order to identify rice variety or fertilizer rate which could yield more compare to that of square plant spacing. Plant hill with smaller number of tillers is expected to be suitable for pair rows planting. When plant hill has many tillers due to the varietal type or fertile soil, wider spacing of double pair rows, such as 4:1 (25-50 cm) x 12.5 cm is suggested. The introduction of pair rows or double pair rows initially was not well accepted by farmers due to the higher seed requirement and higher labor cost when compared to that of the square plant spacing. However, the pair-rows spacing has been accepted now due to a better and easier in crop protection and fertilizer application. In a large farming scale, pair rows planting requires the support of machines as the a planting tool which is adjustable to desired plant spacing, durable and easy to operate. Rapid varietal identification to select suitable varieties for pair rows planting is needed in order to provide advice to farmers of the optimum plant spacing for each particular variety.
Interaksi Nitrogen dengan Insidensi Penyakit Tungro dan Pengedaliannya Secara Terpadu pada Tanaman Padi Wasis Senoaji; R. Heru Praptana
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 8, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient for rice plant growth. To increase rice productivity, the use of superior variety is a key factor on rice production in Indonesia. The superior rice variety generally has a high response to N fertilizer, therefore deficiency of N becomes the limiting factor for the rice growth and yield. The problem arises when the application of N nutrient to achieve high productivity was only based on the recommended fertilizer dosage or yield target without considering the safety of rice from pests and diseases. Tungro is an important disease in rice which is affected by the rate of N. Tungro is caused by the interaction between two different viruses, namely Rice tungro bachiliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV), both are transmitted by green leafhopper. The tungro disease incidence is the result of interaction between plants, tungro virus, vector and environment, where the use of N fertilizer influences the dynamics of viral tungro disease. Interaction of plant N with green leafhoppers affects the increased fitness of insects. Interaction of plant N with viruses changes the cell metabolism, resulting in the changing of chloroplast morphology and an increased rate of respiration, which stimulates absorption of nutrients as the material for synthesis of protein. Fertilizer management should be part of the synergy between soil fertility management and integrated pest management (IPM) to create a healthy crop and environment. Fertilizer management should be synergistically integrated with other crop management components to support the defense mechanism of plants against pests and diseases. Three N management strategies to control tungro disease, including: 1) suitability of N type; 2) accuracy of N quantity based on the diagnosis and 3) the timeliness of application. These strategies should be considered, especially in the endemic tungro area.

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